在油气勘探开发过程中，断层和裂隙的分布形态一直是三维地震资料解释所关注的重要问题。地震资料中包含的随机噪音，往往影响断层的刻画精度，因此，解释过程中常采用去噪技术来消除噪音，提高断层刻画精度。常规去噪技术在提高地震资料信噪比的同时通常会破坏反射结构的边缘信息和断层的尖锐性，影响构造解释和油藏描述的准确性。为了解决结构保护去噪和断层检测难题，提出基于自适应倾角导向技术的断层识别方法，具体步骤如下：先生成包含采样点倾角和方位角信息的导向体；再将导向体作为滤波的输入数据进行导向滤波，提高信噪比的同时保留地层中的重要构造信息；最后将滤波后的数据体在倾角导向的控制下进行相似性属性提取，从而识别断层，提高断层解释精度。结果表明：在自适应倾角导向技术运用基础上，最终提取的相似性属性有效地突出了断层处的不连续性，去噪效果良好，有效增强了断层的识别能力。整体而言，自适应倾角导向技术是一种刻画断层和识别地质体边界的有效方法，目前已在复杂油气藏勘探中取得了较好的应用效果。
The development of fault and fracture is an important issue in 3D seismic interpretation during hydrocarbon exploration and development. The random noises contained in seismic data often affect the depiction accuracy of faults, so denoising technique is often used in the interpretation process to reduce noise and improve the accuracy of fault description. The conventional denoising technique can not only improve the S/N of seismic data, but also destroy the edge information of the reflection structure and the sharpness of fault, which affects the accuracy of structural interpretation and reservoir description. In order to solve the problems of structure protection denoising and fault detection, a method of fault recognition based on auto-adaptive dip-steering was proposed. A steering cube was generated by auto-adaptive dip-steering technology which contains dip and azimuth information of sampling point, and then the steering cube was used as a filter input for constraint denoising to improve S/N and retain important structural information, and finally, the similarity attributes were extracted from filtered seismic volume under the guidance of dip-steering so as to recognize fault and improve the accuracy of fault interpretation. The result shows that the similarity attributes extracted by auto-adaptive dip-steering technique effectively highlight the discontinuity of fault, and it has a good noise reduction result. Auto-adaptive dip-steering technique effectively enhances the fault recognition ability, so it is an effective method to describe the faults and the geological boundary, and has a good application prospect in complex reservoir exploration.
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