准噶尔盆地东部地区基底主要是中石炭统的安山岩和玄武岩，近年来在该区发现了多个火山岩油气藏，该区现已成为重要的油气产区。2008 年在准噶尔盆地东部地区进行了野外地质踏勘，共实测地质剖面4 条，分别为白碱沟、双井子、金山沟、沙尔布拉克，并确定了火山口的准确位置，文章论述了这些火山口的类型及地表特征。该区火山口划分为放射状火山口、环状火山口和半环状火山口3 种类型。对不同类型的火山口分析后，归纳出5 种火山口的识别标志：①侵出相珍珠岩；②火山岩岩性、岩相的环带状分布；③ 硫磺矿沉积；④大面积热液侵染；⑤大规模隐爆角砾岩和堆砌结构。最后讨论了火山口存在的重要意义。

Eastern basements of Junggar Basin mainly are andesite and the basalt of the Middle Carboniferous. In recent years, many volcanic rock oil and gas fields have been discovered in this area which become the important oilproducing area. The craters’ accurate positions were determined in preliminary survey of field geology in Eastern Junggar Basin in 2008, authors elaborated these craters’ types and the surface characteristics. Four actual geologic cross-sections were surveyed which are Bai Jiangou, Shuangjingzi, Jinshangou and Shaerbulake. Authors divided these craters into three different types-radiated craters, the ring-like crater and half ring-like crater, and summarized five kind of crater identification sign according to these three different type’s craters:①the pearlite of intrusive facies;②the ring-like belt-shaped distribution of volcanic rock lithologic character and facies; ③the deposition of sulfur ore; ④the big area of hydrothermal dissemination; ⑤large-scale cryptoexplosion breccias and packing structure. Finally the importance of crater discovery is discussed.