Based on systematic analysis of conglomerate constituent, paleocurrent direction, detrital composition, heavy mineral and major element, the provenance characteristics of Shuixigou Group in southern margin of Junggar Basin are studied. The analysis of conglomerate component of Shuixigou Group shows that Yilinhabierga Mountain, northern Tianshan Mountains and northern margin fault of central Tianshan Mountains were the source areas in the sedimentary period of Badaowan and Xishanyao Formation. The paleocurrent analytical data of Shuixigou Group show that paleocurrent directions ofBadaowan Formation and Xishanyao Formation are mainly northeast and west, soYilinhabierga Mountain is the primary source area. The paleocurrent directions of Sangonghe Formation are mainly SSW and SE, which indicates that Bogda Mountain and Yilinhabierga Mountain are not the primary source area in that period. Shuixigou Group in the western and eastern segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin has heavy mineral assemblage of basic magmatic rocks, which shows that the material supply might be from the northern Tianshan Mountains. The middle segment of the southern margin of Junggar Basin has genetic features of medium-acidic magmatite and basic magmatic rocks, which shows that the source area is in Bogda Mountain.