On the basis of the analysis of the current energy situation and oil-gas exploration, the current basic research about reflection seismology involved in petroleum exploration in China were discussed, such as how to explore deep oil-gas fields in large sedimentary basin, topographic interference wave suppression, seismic signal bandspread, direct prediction of oil-gas field and cross- hole seismic tomography. The essential target presented for current oil-gas seismic prospecting basic research is to develop the fourth generation of oil-gas seismic prospecting processing and quantitative interpretation techniques, as well as improve the seismic wave field prestack migration imaging.