哈萨克斯坦楚-萨雷苏盆地富氦气藏特征、富集条件及勘探启示

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260314

岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 162–172.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260314

哈萨克斯坦楚-萨雷苏盆地富氦气藏特征、富集条件及勘探启示

聂明龙¹^,²(), 刘皓源¹, 王兆明³, 赵书茂², 于太极²

¹ 辽宁工程技术大学矿业学院，辽宁阜新 123000
² 辽宁工程技术大学安全科学与工程学院，辽宁葫芦岛 125105
³ 中国石油勘探开发研究院，北京 100083

收稿日期:2025-08-11 修回日期:2025-09-16 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
第一作者:聂明龙（1976—），男，博士，教授，主要从事油气地质综合研究与教学工作。地址：（125105）辽宁省葫芦岛市龙湾南大街188号。Email:nieminglong@sohu.com。
基金资助:
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“新一轮全球油气资源智能化评价与综合选区技术”(2025ZD1400800)

Characteristics, enrichment conditions and exploration implications of helium-rich gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan

NIE Minglong¹^,²(), LIU Haoyuan¹, WANG Zhaoming³, ZHAO Shumao², YU Taiji²

¹ College of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China
² College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, Liaoning, China
³ Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-09-16 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-02-03

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

哈萨克斯坦楚-萨雷苏盆地为富氦盆地。通过对盆地不同构造单元、不同层位富氦气藏的地质特征解剖，探讨了氦气富集条件，建立了氦源和盖层共同控制的氦气富集模式，启示了中国氦气下一步勘探方向。研究结果表明：①楚-萨雷苏盆地不同坳陷内的5套储-盖组合中均发现氦气，具有满盆富氦特征，氦气富集与氮气含量正相关，与构造单元、气藏类型没有直接关系；氦气在不同层位间差异富集，下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶灰岩-泥岩构成的储-盖组合中氦气含量最低，烃类气含量最高，而在二叠系盐下砂岩中氦气含量最高，体积分数可达0.68%，烃类气含量低。②研究区前寒武纪古老富铀基岩、三叠纪以来的构造抬升、较差的烃源岩和多套盖层发育等是盆地氦气富集的基础条件；氦气与砂岩型铀矿共生，砂岩型铀矿的发育对氦气富集具有指示作用；盐岩、膏岩和泥岩等多套盖层及氦气的分子小、扩散能力强是形成多层系富氦的重要原因，烃类载体气对氦气的稀释也是造成氦气不同层位差异富集的重要因素。③中国准噶尔盆地与楚-萨雷苏盆地基底及构造演化均具有相似之处，准东、陆南、石南及三塘湖盆地石炭系是未来氦气勘探领域。

关键词: 富氦盆地, 富铀基岩, 砂岩型铀矿, 二叠系, 石炭系, 准噶尔盆地, 楚-萨雷苏盆地, 哈萨克斯坦

Abstract:

Chu-Sarysu Basin in Kazakhstan is a helium-rich basin. Through the geological characteristic analysis of helium-rich gas reservoirs in different tectonic units and different horizons of the basin, helium enrichment conditions of the basin was discussed, a helium enrichment model jointly controlled by helium sources and caprocks was established, revealing the direction of helium exploration in China. The results show that: （1） Helium has been found in all 5 sets of reservoir-cap combinations in different depressions of Chu-Sarysu Basin, showing the characteristic of helium enrichment throughout the basin. Helium enrichment is positively correlated with nitrogen and has no direct relationship with tectonic units or gas reservoir types, but shows differential enrichment among different horizons. The reservoir-cap combination composed of Lower Carboniferous Serpukhovian limestone-mudstone has the lowest helium content but the highest hydrocarbon gas content. While Permian subsalt sandstones have the highest helium content, with a volume fraction up to 0.68%, and low hydrocarbon gas content. （2） The Precambrian ancient uranium-rich bedrock, tectonic uplift since Triassic, poor source rocks, and multiple sets of caprocks development in the study area are basic conditions for helium enrichment in the basin. Helium coexists with sandstone type uranium deposits, and the development of sandstone type uranium deposits has an indicative effect on helium enrichment. Multiple sets of caprocks, such as salt rocks, gypsum rocks, and mudstones, combined with the small molecular size and strong diffusion capacity of helium, are important reasons for the formation of multi-layered helium enrichment. Meanwhile, the dilution of helium by hydrocarbon carrier gas is also an important factor causing differential helium enrichment in different horizons. （3） The basement and tectonic evolution of Junggar Basin in China are similar to those of Chu-Sarysu Basin. Carboniferous in eastern Junggar, Lunan, Shinan, and Santanghu basins represent promising targets for future helium exploration.

Key words: helium-rich basin, uranium-rich bedrock, sandstone type uranium deposits, Permian, Carbonife-rous, Junggar Basin, Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan

中图分类号:

TE02

聂明龙, 刘皓源, 王兆明, 赵书茂, 于太极. 哈萨克斯坦楚-萨雷苏盆地富氦气藏特征、富集条件及勘探启示[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2026, 38(3): 162–172.

NIE Minglong, LIU Haoyuan, WANG Zhaoming, ZHAO Shumao, YU Taiji. Characteristics, enrichment conditions and exploration implications of helium-rich gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(3): 162–172.

图/表 9

图1

图2

表1

楚-萨雷苏盆地富氦气藏参数（据文献[16]修改）"

气田	构造位置	含气层位	气藏类型	储层岩性	储层类型	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	盖层	单井产量/ （10⁴ m³·d^-1）
阿曼格莱特	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下二叠统盐间	构造-岩性	砂岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	15.00	0.140	盐岩	18.20
		下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙型、孔洞- 孔隙型	10.00~14.00	0.001~0.146	泥岩	2.60
		下石炭统下维宪阶—上杜内阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	13.60	0.002	泥岩	21.34
		下石炭统下杜内阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	21.60	0.012	泥岩	3.70
艾拉克蒂	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下二叠统盐下	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	—	0.001	盐岩	12.80
		下石炭统下维宪阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	—	0.002	泥岩	3.13
		下石炭统上杜内阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	11.30	0.002	泥岩	—
阿纳巴依	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙-裂缝型	—	—	泥岩	0.20~0.50
		下石炭统上维宪阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙-裂缝型	3.20	—	泥岩	6.44
		上泥盆统法门阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙-裂缝型	—	—	膏岩	—
莫迪巴依	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	溶蚀孔洞型	—	—	泥岩	—
莫迪巴依	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下石炭统下维宪阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	14.40	0.770	泥岩	0.75
普里多罗日	科克潘索尔坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	断裂伴生背斜	灰岩	裂缝型	3.80	—	泥岩	9.60
普里多罗日	科克潘索尔坳陷	上泥盆统法门阶	断裂伴生背斜	砂岩	裂缝-孔隙型	—	0.038	盐岩	7.44
西阿帕克	科克潘索尔坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	断裂伴生背斜	灰岩	孔隙-孔洞型	3.00~10.00	—	泥岩	0.20~0.40
西阿帕克	科克潘索尔坳陷	上泥盆统法门阶	断裂伴生背斜	砂岩	裂缝-孔隙型	9.00~14.00	—	膏岩	3.00
奥尔塔雷克	科克潘索尔坳陷	下二叠统盐下	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型	1.00~10.20	—	盐岩	0.55
奥尔塔雷克	科克潘索尔坳陷	元古界基岩风化壳	基岩凸起	变质岩	裂缝型	2.00	—	膏岩	1.60
乌沙拉尔-克姆皮尔托别	塔斯金隆起	下二叠统	断裂伴生背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	—	—	盐岩	18.90
北乌沙拉尔	塔斯金隆起	下二叠统	短轴背斜	砂岩	裂缝-孔隙型	4.20	—	盐岩	4.30~6.10

表1

表2

楚-萨雷苏盆地含氦气藏天然气组分（据文献[16]修改）"

构造单元	气藏	层位	ϕ（天然气成分）%
穆尤恩库姆坳陷	阿曼格莱特	下二叠统盐间	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	C₄H₁₀/n-C₄H₁₀	C₅H₁₂/n-C₅H₁₂	C₆₊	N₂+稀有气体	CO₂	H₂S	He
		下二叠统盐间	9.47~26.05	0.21~1.97	0.02~0.49	0.03~0.05或0.07~0.09	0.06~0.16	—	70.92~87.02	0.15~1.30	0	0.040~ 0.240
		下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	81.45	9.99	3.00	0.38或0.54	1.54	—	2.90	0.20	0	0
		下石炭统下维宪阶—上杜内阶	67.25~86.20	4.52~10.53	2.86~5.20	0.42~0.57或0.82~0.90	0.74~1.12	—	4.60~14.00	0~ 2.22	0	0.190
	艾拉克蒂	下二叠统盐下	24.00~75.49	1.03~5.15	0.47~1.71	0.06~0.91	0.10~0.76	—	16.92~72.60	0~ 0.45	0	0.170~ 0.350
	艾拉克蒂	下石炭统下维宪阶—上杜内阶	72.50~81.90	3.46~8.21	1.14~2.77	0.23~1.40	0.40~0.96	—	7.64~30.90	—	—	—
	阿纳巴依	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	79.14~98.55	1.44~9.77	1.15~4.43	0.18~0.37或0.30~0.72	0.16~0.19或0.12~0.15	0.34~0.36	0.10~ 7.52	0~0.70	—	0.005~ 0.070
		下石炭统维宪阶	93.83	2.60	0.20	0.03或0.02	0.01	0.01	3.00	0.17	0.40	—
		上泥盆统法门阶	86.43	3.60~4.85	0.37~0.74	0.05或0.06	0.02	—	4.26~ 8.15	—	0~0.75	0.180~ 0.185
	莫迪巴依	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	88.85	4.00	1.10	—	—	—	3.00~16.00	1.15	0	0.085
	莫迪巴依	下石炭统维宪阶	89.00	0.92	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.03	3.00~16.00	0.02~1.80	0	0.270~ 0.370
科克潘索尔坳陷	普里多罗日	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	75.40~90.00	0.51~2.06	0.14~0.36	0.02或 0.03~0.21	0.01~0.05	0.01~0.05	7.40~ 22.00	0.55~1.25	2.57	0.106~ 0.255
	普里多罗日	上泥盆统法门阶	62.20~70.40	1.20~1.76	0.11~0.12	0.02或 0.01~0.04	0.06	0.06	27.60~34.20	0.30~0.85	0	0.210
	西阿帕克	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	81.30	13.00	6.00	1.60	0.40	0.40	2.70	0.65	0	0.040
	西阿帕克	上泥盆统法门阶	55.34~86.45	2.75~5.00	0.86~1.70	0.15~0.5或0.15~0.60	0.07~0.21	0.07~0.21	9.00~38.82	—	0.03	0.110~ 0.437
	奥尔塔雷克	下二叠统盐下	52.80~58.90	0.70~10.90	0.05~0.60	0.01~0.04	0.02~0.07	0.09	40.43~45.20	0.63~1.60	0	0.141~ 0.290
	奥尔塔雷克	基岩	83.70	3.48	0.35	0.08或0.04	—	—	11.90	0.30~0.45	0.02	0.208~ 0.240
塔斯金隆起	乌沙拉尔-克姆皮尔托别	下二叠统盐下	—	—	—	—	—	—	98.86~99.32	0.46	0	0.680
塔斯金隆起	北乌沙拉尔	下二叠统盐下	—	—	—	—	—	—	99.20	0.30	0	0.460

表2

图3

图4

图5

图6

图7

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哈萨克斯坦楚-萨雷苏盆地富氦气藏特征、富集条件及勘探启示

Characteristics, enrichment conditions and exploration implications of helium-rich gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan

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