岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 13–25.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260102

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组天然裂缝发育特征及主控因素

孟阳1(), 曹小朋2, 赵浩2,3(), 杨明林2, 李志鹏4, 田振磊2, 乌洪翠2, 蒋越2   

  1. 1 中国石化胜利油田分公司， 山东 东营 257000
    2 中国石化胜利油田分公司 勘探开发研究院， 山东 东营 257015
    3 中国石化胜利石油管理局 博士后科研工作站， 山东 东营 257015
    4 中国石化新疆新春石油开发有限责任公司， 山东 东营 257000
  • 收稿日期:2025-06-07 修回日期:2025-08-18 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 第一作者:孟阳（1970—），男，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事油气田开发研究与管理工作。地址：（257000）东营市东营区济南路125号。Email：mengyang.slyt@sinopec.com。
  • 通信作者: 赵浩
  • 基金资助:
    中国石化科技攻关项目“永进油田地质甜点评价及开发工程技术研究”(P23138);及胜利油田博士后科研课题“永进齐古组有效储层形成机制及主控因素”(YKB2312)

Development characteristics and main controlling factors of natural fractures of Jurassic Qigu Formation in Yongjin area， Junggar Basin

MENG Yang1(), CAO Xiaopeng2, ZHAO Hao2,3(), YANG Minglin2, LI Zhipeng4, TIAN Zhenlei2, WU Hongcui2, JIANG Yue2   

  1. 1 Shengli Oilfield Company， Sinopec， Dongying 257000， Shandong， China
    2 Exploration and Development Research Institute， Shengli Oilfield Company， Sinopec， Dongying 257015， Shandong， China
    3 Postdoctoral Work Station of Shengli Oilfield， Sinopec， Dongying 257015， Shandong， China
    4 Xinjiang Xinchun Petroleum Development Co.， Ltd.， Sinopec， Dongying 257000， Shandong， China
  • Received:2025-06-07 Revised:2025-08-18 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23
  • Contact: ZHAO Hao E-mail:mengyang.slyt@sinopec.com;haozhao1993@foxmail.com

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摘要：

天然裂缝的发育程度是影响准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组单井产能的关键因素。结合野外露头、岩心、薄片、测井和试验等资料，对齐古组致密砂岩天然裂缝成因类型、发育特征和主控因素进行了详细研究，并预测了其有利发育区。研究结果表明：①准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组致密砂岩储层天然裂缝成因类型多样，主要包括成岩裂缝、少量构造裂缝和异常超压裂缝，其中成岩裂缝以层理缝为主，发育少量粒缘缝和粒内缝。天然裂缝是深层优质储集层形成的重要因素之一。②研究区齐古组裂缝的发育主要受沉积作用、构造应力和超压的控制，沉积微相通过控制岩性、矿物成分、沉积构造等因素来控制裂缝发育程度，分流砂坝中上部的中细砂岩为裂缝发育的有利场所；喜山期近南北向构造挤压应力是研究区构造裂缝和层理缝开启的重要动力，断层1 km范围内裂缝较发育；异常超压对超压缝和层理缝的开启以及裂缝的保存具有重要作用，研究区北部异常超压发育程度高，储层裂缝较发育。③研究区齐古组有效天然裂缝主要发育在压力系数大于1.6、断层北部的层状分流砂坝区。

关键词: 致密砂岩, 天然裂缝, 成岩缝, 构造缝, 异常超压缝, 齐古组, 侏罗系, 永进地区, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

The development degree of natural fractures is a critical factor affecting single-well productivity of Jurassic Qigu Formation in Yongjin area， Junggar Basin. Based on data of field outcrops， cores， thin sections， well logging and experiment， genesis types， development characteristics， and main controlling factors of natural fractures in tight sandstone of Qigu Formation were studied, and favorable development areas were predicted. The results show that：（1） Genesis types of natural fractures in tight sandstone reservoirs of Jurassic Qigu Formation in Yongjin area， Junggar Basin are various， mainly including diagenetic fractures， a small number of structural fractures and abnormal overpressure fractures. The diagenetic fractures are mainly bedding fractures， and a small number of marginal and intragranular fractures are developed. Natural fractures are one of the important factors in the formation of deep high-quality reservoirs. （2） The development of fractures in Qigu Formation in the study area is primarily controlled by sedimentation, tectonic stress， and overpressure. Sedimentary microfacies control the degree of fracture development by controlling factors such as lithology， mineral composition， and sedimentary structure. The medium-fine grained sandstone in the middle to upper parts of the diversion sand dam is a favorable location for fracture development. The near north-south structural compression stress during Himalayan tectonic period acts as a key driving force for the initiation and propagation of structural fractures and bedding fractures， and fractures are more developed within 1 km of the fault. Abnormal overpressure exerts a critical influence on the formation of overpressure fractures and bedding fractures， as well as the preservation of fractures. In the northern part of the study area， abnormal overpressure is highly developed， reservoir fractures are relatively developed. （3） The effective natural fractures of Qigu Formation in the study area primarily develop in the layered distributary sand dam in the northern part of the fault, where the pressure coefficient exceeds 1.6.

Key words: tight sandstone, natural fracture, diagenetic fracture, structural fracture, abnormal overpressure fracture, Qigu Formation, Jurassic, Yongjin area, Junggar Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122

图1

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组沉积相图（a）及岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组砂岩类型"

图3

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组致密砂岩裂缝宏观发育特征 （a） 准噶尔盆地南缘水道砂体露头；（b） 层理缝缝面充满油，裂缝密度为55条/m，Y1井，5 878.50 m； （c） 岩心沿层理缝破裂成片状，裂缝密度大于80 条/m，YJ15井，5 778.10 m；（d） 层理缝缝面含油，YJ303井，5 737.50 m；（e） 构造剪切缝，裂缝平直，钙质充填，YJ301-X1井，5 765.30 m；（f） 构造张裂缝，裂缝弯曲，未充填，YJ3-X13井，6 225.80 m； （g） 岩心上超压成因层理缝断续发育，裂缝密度为35 条/m，Y301井，5 543.45 m；（h） 超压缝，弯曲不连续，切穿沥青脉，YJX308井，6 341.30 m；（i） 超压缝，弯曲不连续，切穿沥青脉，YJX308井，6 339.00 m。"

图4

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组致密砂岩裂缝微观发育特征 （a）—（b） 铸体薄片下层理缝具有一定延伸，绕过颗粒，YJ15井，5 777.80 m；（c） 荧光薄片下层理缝内含蓝色轻质油，YJ15井，5 777.80 m；（d） 荧光薄片下粒内缝和粒缘缝充填蓝色轻质油，YJ15井，5 777.70 m；（e） 扫描电镜下微裂缝，开度小；（f） 铸体薄片下切粒缝切穿方解石、石英，Y301井，5 549.26 m； （g） 激光共聚焦薄片下切粒缝和粒缘缝，YJ15井，5 777.70 m； （h） 铸体薄片下超压缝发育在颗粒内部，呈放射状，Y301井，5 541.93 m；（i） 铸体薄片下超压缝发育在颗粒内部，呈放射状，Y301井，5 545.56 m。"

图5

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组致密砂岩裂缝发育段物性特征"

图6

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组致密砂岩不同围压下裂缝开度监测测试"

图7

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组不同沉积微相的裂缝密度及厚度"

图8

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组不同岩性的裂缝密度"

图9

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组微裂缝发育段矿物组成对比"

图10

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组断裂系统及井壁崩落方位玫瑰花图"

图11

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组典型地震剖面解释"

图12

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组构造缝密度与距断层距离相关性"

图13

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组超压特征"

图14

准噶尔盆地永进地区侏罗系齐古组裂缝发育区预测"

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