岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 100–114.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260109

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷二叠系乐平组煤系页岩储层特征及勘探潜力

肖富强1,2,3(), 肖卫东2, 姜智东2, 高磊3, 赵正威3, 潘晓飞3, 陈富贵2, 邹勇军1,2()   

  1. 1 关键矿产资源勘查与开发江西省重点实验室， 南昌 330001
    2 江西省煤田地质勘察研究院， 南昌 330001
    3 新疆维吾尔自治区地质局 煤田地质中心， 乌鲁木齐 830009
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-03 修回日期:2025-08-28 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 第一作者:肖富强（1989—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事非常规油气地质研究工作。地址：（330001）江西省南昌市西湖区二七南路552号。Email：xiaofq1218@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 邹勇军
  • 基金资助:
    江西省重点研发计划项目“江西省煤层气勘探开发关键技术研发与应用示范”(20252BCF320031);江西省地质局科技研究项目“江西省萍乐坳陷带煤系气综合成藏地质条件评价技术研究”(2024JXDZKJKY04);江西省级财政出资地质勘查项目“江西省分宜—丰城地区煤层气资源调查评价”(20240095)

Coal measure shale reservoir characteristics and exploration potential of Permian Leping Formation in Pingle Depression of Lower Yangtze region

XIAO Fuqiang1,2,3(), XIAO Weidong2, JIANG Zhidong2, GAO Lei3, ZHAO Zhengwei3, PAN Xiaofei3, CHEN Fugui2, ZOU Yongjun1,2()   

  1. 1 Jiangxi Key Laboratory of Critical Mineral Resources Exploration and Development， Nanchang 330001， China
    2 Jiangxi Coalfield Geological Survey Institute， Nanchang 330001， China
    3 Coalfield Geological Center of Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region Geological Bureau， Urumqi 830000， China
  • Received:2025-07-03 Revised:2025-08-28 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23
  • Contact: ZOU Yongjun E-mail:xiaofq1218@163.com;158276952@qq.com

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摘要：

萍乐坳陷上二叠统乐平组是华南地区重要的含煤地层，具有较好的煤系页岩气成藏条件。采用薄片鉴定、X射线衍射、有机地球化学分析、扫描电镜、高压压汞、低温N2和CO2吸附等多种测试手段，对萍乐坳陷西段乐平组煤系页岩储层矿物组成、有机地球化学特征、孔隙类型、孔隙结构及孔隙发育影响因素等进行了研究，并探讨了页岩气勘探前景。研究结果表明：①下扬子地区萍乐坳陷二叠系乐平组煤系页岩主要由碎屑颗粒、泥质和炭质构成，脆性矿物含量较高，可压裂性较好；TOC含量较高，干酪根类型为Ⅱ1，Ⅲ型，热演化达到高成熟—过成熟阶段。②页岩孔隙度大多为3.75%~4.67%，渗透率大多为0.006 2~0.009 1 mD，具有低孔、低渗特征；孔隙类型以粒间孔、粒内孔及微裂缝为主，有机质孔较少。③页岩平均孔容为0.020 2 cm3/g，平均比表面积为15.02 m2/g，介孔对总孔容的贡献最大，微孔对总比表面积的贡献最大，孔径具有“多峰态”分布特征。④石英和碳酸盐矿物能促进介孔、抑制微孔的发育，石英含量增加降低了孔隙非均质性，碳酸盐矿物增加则提高孔隙非均质性；黏土矿物和有机质均能促进微孔、抑制介孔的发育，黏土矿物增加提高了孔隙非均质性，有机质则增强了孔隙均质性。⑤研究区煤系页岩的可压裂性、生烃潜力和储集能力均较好，且保存条件良好，优选出杨桥、丰城、付家圩、太阳圩为煤系页岩气勘探有利区，其中丰城地区可作为下一步勘探重点目标区。

关键词: 煤系页岩气, 低孔低渗, 脆性矿物, 非均质性, 乐平组, 二叠系, 萍乐坳陷, 下扬子地区

Abstract:

Upper Permian Leping Formation of Pingle Depression is an important coal measure strata in south China， with favorable conditions for the formation of coal measure shale gas reservoirs. Mineral composition， organic geochemical characteristics， pore types， pore structure， and influencing factors of pore development of Leping Formation coal measure shale reservoir in the west section of Pingle Depression were studied through testing methods， such as thin section identification， X-ray diffraction， organic geochemical analysis， scanning electron microscopy， high-pressure mercury intrusion， low-temperature N2 and CO2 adsorption， and exploration prospects of shale gas were explored. The results show that： （1） The coal measure shale of Permian Leping Formation in Pingle Depression of Lower Yangtze region is mainly composed of detrital grain， mud and charcoal， with high content of brittle minerals and good fracability. TOC content of coal measures shale is relatively high， kerogen types are Ⅱ1 and Ⅲ， and thermal evolution reaches high maturity to over maturity stage. （2） The porosity of shale is mostly 3.75%-4.67%， and the permeability is 0.006 2-0.009 1 mD， with low-porosity and low-permeability characteristics. The pore types are mainly intergranular pores， intragranular pores and microcracks， with fewer organic pores. （3） Average pore volume of shale is 0.020 2 cm3/g， average specific surface area is 15.02 m2/g. Mesopores contribute the most to the total pore volume， while micropores contribute the most to the total specific surface area. The pore size is characterized by “multi-peak” distribution. （4） Quartz and carbonate minerals can promote the development of mesopore and inhibit the development of micropores. The increase of quartz content reduces pore heterogeneity， and the increase of carbonate minerals improves pore heterogeneity. Clay minerals and organic matter can promote micropores development and inhibit mesopore development. Clay minerals increase pore heterogeneity， while organic matter strengthens pore homogeneity. （5） The coal measure shale in the study area exhibit good fracability， hydrocarbon generation potential， reservoir capacity， and with good preservation conditions. Yang-qiao， Fengcheng， Fujiaxu， and Taiyangxu are selected as favorable areas for coal measures shale gas exploration， with Fengcheng area being the primary target for further exploration.

Key words: coal measure shale gas, low-porosity and low-permeability, brittle mineral, heterogeneity, Leping Formation, Permian, Pingle Depression, Lower Yangtze region

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.31

图1

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段地质简图（a）和二叠系岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组老山段煤系页岩岩心及显微照片 （a） 黑色页岩，DK01井，567.15 m；（b） 含炭质粉砂质页岩，纹层发育，石英、泥质定向排列，DK01井；（c） 灰黑色粉砂质泥岩，动物化石，QJ01井，643.60 m；（d） 含炭质粉砂质泥岩，石英呈分散状、微定向排列，QJ01井。"

图3

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组老山段煤系页岩矿物含量三角图"

图4

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组老山段煤系页岩TOC含量分布频率"

表1

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组老山段页岩样品有机质成分及类型"

井名 深度/
m		 w（腐泥组）/% w（壳质组）/% w（镜质组）/% w（惰质组）/% 有机质
类型
DK01 528 8 90 2 0 Ⅱ1
544 3 96 1 0 Ⅱ1
567 5 92 2 1 Ⅱ1
589 3 97 0 0 Ⅱ1
613 12 86 2 0 Ⅱ1
QJ01 467 4 24 50 22 Ⅲ
473 10 64 20 6 Ⅱ2
573 9 66 18 7 Ⅱ2
621 8 56 31 5 Ⅱ2

图5

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组煤系页岩样品扫描电镜照片 （a） 黏土矿物内部发育粒内孔，DK01井，488.00 m；（b） 黏土矿物内部发育粒内孔，QJ01井，539.20 m；（c） 黏土矿物与有机质之间发育粒间孔，有机质收缩形成微裂缝，DK01井，523.20 m；（d） 黏土矿物与有机质之间形成粒间孔，QJ01井，585.8 m；（e） 黏土矿物内部、与其他矿物之间形成粒间孔，QJ01井，596.85 m；（f） 有机质内部发育气孔，数十至数百纳米，DK01井，520.80 m；（g） 微裂缝，DK01井，531.30 m；（h） 微裂缝，QJ01井，611.90 m；（i） 微裂缝，QJ01井，626.40 m。"

表2

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组煤系页岩样品孔隙结构特征"

样品编号 平均孔径/nm 总孔容/
（cm3·g-1）		 总比表面积/
（m2·g-1）		 孔容/（cm3·g-1） 比表面积/（m2·g-1）
微孔 介孔 宏孔 微孔 介孔 宏孔
DKYP12 23.31 0.019 1 13.03 0.002 2 0.012 3 0.004 6 7.05 5.37 0.61
DKYP24 32.79 0.021 6 15.65 0.002 9 0.012 8 0.005 9 9.43 5.69 0.53
QJYP16 29.88 0.022 1 12.69 0.002 0 0.013 3 0.006 8 6.64 5.48 0.57
QJYP25 26.76 0.018 0 18.52 0.004 3 0.009 9 0.003 9 13.81 4.22 0.49

图6

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组煤系页岩孔容和比表面积相关性"

图7

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组煤系页岩CO2吸附曲线、孔容及比表面积随孔径变化曲线"

图8

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组煤系页岩N2吸附曲线、孔容及比表面积随孔径变化曲线"

图9

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组煤系页岩分形特征"

图10

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组煤系页岩矿物含量、TOC含量与孔隙结构参数相关性"

图11

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段二叠系乐平组钻孔连井对比（据文献[18-19]修改）"

表3

富有机质页岩储层地质参数对比"

地区 地层 沉积类型 TOC/% Ro /% 干酪根类型 w（脆性矿物）/% 孔隙度/% v（含气）/（m3·t-1） 页岩厚度/m
四川盆地涪陵区块[49] 龙马溪组 海相 1.50~6.00 2.65 Ⅰ 50.0~80.0 4.87 1.30~6.30 80~100
鄂尔多斯盆地[6] 太原组 海陆过渡相 0.50~17.00 1.60~2.70 Ⅱ2，Ⅲ 28.0~80.0 1.25~5.80 1.40~5.70 10~70
黔北煤田[21] 龙潭组 海陆过渡相 0.56~9.58 1.99~3.26 Ⅲ 6.0~87.0 1.20~12.10 0.20~2.70 48
松辽盆地[50] 营城组 陆相 0.95~4.33 0.98~2.30 Ⅱ—Ⅲ 3.5~94.8 2.04~7.66 0.85~2.06 40~100
萍乐坳陷西段 乐平组 海陆过渡相 0.33~8.61 1.26~3.79 Ⅱ1，Ⅲ 44.5~67.6 2.70~7.90 0.10~2.10 100

图12

下扬子地区萍乐坳陷西段煤系页岩气有利勘探区"

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