岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 88–98.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250608

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

致密砂岩储层孔喉结构分形特征及其对储层物性的影响——以鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系长8段为例

苏帅1, 屈红军1, 尹虎1,2, 张磊岗1, 杨晓锋1   

  1. 1. 西北大学 地质学系/大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室, 西安 710069;
    2. 延长油田股份有限公司 富县采油厂, 陕西 富县 727500
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-07-14 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 第一作者:苏帅（2000—），男，西北大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为储层沉积学。地址：（710069）陕西省西安市碑林区太白北路229号西北大学地质学系。Email：2154195107@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 屈红军(1967—),男,博士,教授,主要从事储层沉积学方面的教学与研究工作。Email:hongjun@nwu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金重大项目专题“致密气储层地质评价方法”（编号：41390451）资助。

Fractal characteristics of pore throat structure and their influence on reservoir physical properties of tight sandstone reservoir: A case study of Triassic Chang 8 member in Fuxian area, Ordos Basin

SU Shuai1, QU Hongjun1, YIN Hu1,2, ZHANG Leigang1, YANG Xiaofeng1   

  1. 1. State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life/Department of Geology, Northwest University, Xi'an 710069, China;
    2. Fuxian Oil Production Plant of Yanchang Oilfield Co., Ltd., Fuxian 727500, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-07-14 Published:2025-11-07

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摘要： 孔喉结构是影响致密砂岩储层储集性与渗流能力的关键因素，其精细表征对致密油藏的勘探开发至关重要。通过铸体薄片、物性分析和圧汞等多种测试方法研究了鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系长8段致密砂岩储层的孔喉结构及其分形特征，明确了孔喉结构对储层物性的影响。研究结果表明：①鄂尔多斯盆地富县地区三叠系长8段致密砂岩孔隙类型以溶蚀粒间孔、长石溶孔为主，喉道类型以片状、弯片状为主；根据排驱压力、平均孔喉半径及最大孔喉半径将储层分为3类，从Ⅰ类到Ⅲ类储层，孔隙分选性、连通性逐渐变差，孔喉半径逐渐减小，孔喉全孔径为0.001~10.000 μm。②研究区3类储层孔喉结构均具有三重分形特征，且大尺度孔喉（D1）>中尺度孔喉（D2）>小尺度孔喉（D3），D1因溶蚀作用强烈导致其孔喉网络复杂、分形维数较大，D3因压实作用强烈导致其形态规则、具有较小的分形维数；根据加权结果得到的孔喉总分形维数（DT）为2.05~2.44，平均值为2.26，从Ⅰ类到Ⅲ类储层，DT平均值逐渐增大，孔喉非均质性逐渐增强。③研究区长8段致密砂岩储层渗透率主要受控于平均喉道半径；DT，D1，D3与平均孔喉半径、储层孔隙度、渗透率负相关，与排驱压力、分选系数正相关，表明孔喉结构越复杂，孔隙连通性、分选性、储层物性越差；D1与孔隙度、渗透率相关性最好，表明长8段储层物性主要受大尺度孔喉影响，平均喉道大、大孔占比高、分形维数低的储层更优质。

关键词: 储层物性, 孔喉结构, 分形维数, 致密砂岩, 长8段, 三叠系, 富县地区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract: Pore throat structure is a key factor that affects the reservoir and seepage capacity of tight sandstone reservoirs, and its fine characterization is very important for the exploration and development of tight reservoirs. The pore throat structure and fractal characteristics of the tight sandstone reservoir of Triassic Chang 8 member in Fuxian area of Ordos Basin were studied by various testing methods, such as casting thin section, physical property analysis, and mercury pressure. The influence of pore throat structure on reservoir physical property were clarified. The results show that: (1) Pore types of tight sandstone in Triassic Chang 8 member in Fuxian area of Ordos Basin are mainly dissolved intergranular pores and feldspar dissolved pores, while throat types are mainly lamellar and curved lamellar. According to the displacement pressure, average pore throat radius, and maximum pore throat radius, reservoirs are classified as three categories. From type Ⅰ to type Ⅲ reservoirs, pore sorting and connectivity gradually deteriorate, pore throat radius gradually decrease, and the pore throat full aperture is 0.001-10.000 μm.(2) The pore throat structures of the three types of reservoirs in the research area all have triple fractal characteristics, with large-scale pore throats (D1) > mesoscale pore throats (D2) > small-scale pore throats (D3). Larg-scale pore throats have complex pore throat networks and relative large fractal dimensions due to strong dissolution, while small-scale pore throats have regular morphology and relative small fractal dimensions due to strong compaction. According to the weighted results, the total fractal dimension(DT) of the pore throats ranges from 2.05 to 2.44, with an average value of 2.26. From type Ⅰ to type Ⅲ reservoirs, the average DT gradually increases, and the heterogeneity of the pore throats gradually strengthens.(3) The permeability of Chang 8 tight sandstone reservoir is mainly controlled by the average throat radius. DT, D1 and D3 are negatively correlated with average pore throat radius, reservoir porosity and permeability, and positively correlated with displacement pressure and sorting coefficient, indicating that the more complex pore throat structure results the poorer pore connectivity, sorting and reservoir physical properties. The correlation of D1 with porosity and permeability is the best, indicating that the physical properties of Chang 8 reservoir are mainly affected by large-scale pore throat. Reservoirs with larger average throats, higher proportion of large pores, and lower fractal dimension are of higher quality.

Key words: reservoir physical property, pore throat structure, fractal dimension, tight sandstone, Chang 8 member, Triassic, Fuxian area, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2
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