“断缝体”致密砂岩复杂网状裂缝地震预测技术——以四川盆地北部三叠系须家河组为例

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20250613

岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 140–150.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250613

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

“断缝体”致密砂岩复杂网状裂缝地震预测技术——以四川盆地北部三叠系须家河组为例

缪志伟¹, 李世凯^1,2, 张文军¹, 肖伟¹, 刘明¹, 于童¹

1. 中国石油化工股份有限公司勘探分公司, 成都 610041;
2. 成都理工大学地球物理学院, 成都 610059

收稿日期:2025-01-14 修回日期:2025-03-10 发布日期:2025-11-07
第一作者:缪志伟（1987—），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事四川盆地油气地球物理勘探领域研究工作。地址：（610041）四川省成都市高新区吉泰路688号中石化西南科研办公基地。Email：mzw495342920@163.com。
基金资助:
中国石油化工股份有限公司 B2 科技项目“致密碎屑岩优质储层地震预测技术应用研究”（编号：YT24005）资助。

Seismic prediction technology for complex network fractures in fault-fracture reservoir of tight sandstones: A case study of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in northern Sichuan Basin

MIAO Zhiwei¹, LI Shikai^1,2, ZHANG Wenjun¹, XIAO Wei¹, LIU Ming¹, YU Tong¹

1. Exploration Company, Sinopec, Chengdu 610041, China;
2. College of Geophysics, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China

Received:2025-01-14 Revised:2025-03-10 Published:2025-11-07

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过“三步法”复杂网状裂缝地震综合预测技术，对四川盆地北部三叠系须家河组致密砂岩“断缝体”储层中不同方位、不同期次的裂缝发育强度和规模进行了地震定量预测。研究结果表明：①地震预测技术流程为，利用反褶积广义S变换开展高分辨分频蚂蚁追踪，通过构建离散网格模型预测裂缝期次和方位；根据衰减各向异性理论建立方位衰减弹性阻抗QVAZ方程，结合组稀疏反演完成对裂缝密度的叠前定量预测；综合上述2种技术进行优势互补与叠合分析，完成对复杂网状裂缝的空间描述。②川北通江地区三叠系须家河组“断缝体”致密砂岩储层中裂缝主要发育在断层附近，且走向与断层走向较一致，以构造成因裂缝为主，局部背斜构造的地层发育相对稳定，褶皱形成过程中伴生的张裂缝并非“断缝体”储层“甜点”区，而多期规模裂缝的交会部位是规模复杂网状裂缝发育的有利区。③该方法可对低序级断层进行高清识别，减少了复杂构造区低信噪比及岩性突变的影响，规避了局部地层褶皱可能带来的裂缝假象，降低了传统方法对地震资料信噪比的依赖，预测的层间微裂缝分辨率高，预测结果与实钻井的FMI解释、测试产能吻合度较高，依据该方法新部署的M15井在须四段试气获10.35×10⁴ m³/d工业气流。

关键词: “断缝体”储层, 致密砂岩, 复杂网状裂缝, 各向异性, 时频分析, 地震反演, 蚂蚁追踪, 须家河组, 三叠系, 川北地区

Abstract: Through a"three-step"complex network fracture seismic comprehensive prediction technology, the seismic quantitative prediction of fracture development intensity and scale in different orientations and phases of the tight sandstone"fault-fracture body"reservoir of Xujiahe Formation in northern Sichuan Basin was carried out.The results show that: (1) The technical workflow of seismic prediction is as follows: Utilize high-resolution frequency-division ant tracking based on deconvolution generalized S-transform, to predict fracture phases and orientations by constructing a discrete grid model. Establish QVAZ equation for azimuthal attenuation elastic impedance based on the theory of attenuation anisotropy, and combine group sparse inversion to achieve prestack quantitative prediction of fracture density. Integrating the above two technologies for complementary advantages and overlapping analysis, complete the spatial description of complex network fractures.(2) The fractures in the "fault-fracture body" tight sandstone reservoir of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in Tongjiang area of northern Sichuan Basin mainly develop near faults, and their direction align with fault trends. These fractures are mainly of tectonic origin, local anticlines strata display relatively stable development. The tensional fractures associated with the folding process are not the sweet spots of the "fault-fracture body"reservoir, but the intersection of multiple large-scale fractures is a favorable area for the development of complex network fractures.(3) This method can perform high-definition identification of low sequence level faults, reducing the impact of low signal-to-noise ratio and lithological mutations in complex structural areas, avoiding the false appearance of fractures that may be caused by local stratigraphic folds, reducing the dependence of traditional methods on seismic data signal-to-noise ratio, and predicted interlayer micro-fractures with high resolution. The predicted results are in good agreement with the FMI interpretation and testing productivity of actual drilling. Based on this method, the newly deployed well M15 obtained industrial gas flow of 10.35×10⁴ m³/d in the fourth member of Xujiahe Formation during gas testing.

Key words: “fault-fracture body” reservoir, tight sandstone, complex network fracture, anisotropy, time-frequency analysis, seismic inversion, ant tracking, Xujiahe Formation, Triassic, northern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号:

TE122

缪志伟, 李世凯, 张文军, 肖伟, 刘明, 于童. “断缝体”致密砂岩复杂网状裂缝地震预测技术——以四川盆地北部三叠系须家河组为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2025, 37(6): 140–150.

MIAO Zhiwei, LI Shikai, ZHANG Wenjun, XIAO Wei, LIU Ming, YU Tong. Seismic prediction technology for complex network fractures in fault-fracture reservoir of tight sandstones: A case study of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in northern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(6): 140–150.

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“断缝体”致密砂岩复杂网状裂缝地震预测技术——以四川盆地北部三叠系须家河组为例

Seismic prediction technology for complex network fractures in fault-fracture reservoir of tight sandstones: A case study of Triassic Xujiahe Formation in northern Sichuan Basin

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