柴达木盆地侏罗系煤岩气成藏条件与勘探潜力

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20250402

岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 17–25.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250402

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

柴达木盆地侏罗系煤岩气成藏条件与勘探潜力

田继先¹, 石正灏^2,4, 李剑¹, 沙威^3,4, 蒋峥文^2,4, 杨磊^2,4, 鱼雪^2,4, 蒲永霞^2,4

1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083;
2. 中国石油青海油田公司勘探开发研究院, 甘肃敦煌 736202;
3. 中国石油青海油田公司勘探事业部, 甘肃敦煌 736203;
4. 青海省高原咸化湖盆油气地质重点实验室, 甘肃敦煌 736202

收稿日期:2025-04-02 修回日期:2025-05-07 发布日期:2025-07-05
第一作者:田继先（1981-），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事石油地质方面研究工作。地址：（100083）北京市海淀区学院路20号。Email：tjx69@petrochina.com.cn。
基金资助:
中国石油基础性前瞻性科技重大项目“不同类型大气田（区）成藏主控因素与领域评价”（编号：2021DJ0605）资助。

Reservoir formation conditions and exploration potential of Jurassic coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin

TIAN Jixian¹, SHI Zhenghao^2,4, LI Jian¹, SHA Wei^3,4, JIANG Zhengwen^2,4, YANG Lei^2,4, YU Xue^2,4, PU Yongxia^2,4

1. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China;
3. Exploration Division of Qinghai Oilfield Company, PetroChina, Dunhuang 736203, Gansu, China;
4. Plateau Saline Lacustrine Basin Oil-Gas Geology Key Laboratory of Qinghai Province, Dunhuang 736202, Gansu, China

Received:2025-04-02 Revised:2025-05-07 Published:2025-07-05

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 柴达木盆地侏罗系煤岩气勘探处于起步阶段，具有较大的勘探潜力。基于露头、钻井、地震及实验分析等资料，对侏罗系煤岩分布、品质特征进行了分析，从生气能力、储层条件、储-盖组合及含气性4个方面对成藏条件进行了评价，明确了其成藏模式及资源潜力。研究结果表明：①柴达木盆地侏罗系煤岩主要分布于中—下侏罗统湖西山组、小煤沟组和大煤沟组，厚度大，分布面积广，从山前地表到盆地腹地埋深近10 000 m均有分布，生气能力强，为煤岩气的生成提供了良好的物质基础。煤岩以半亮煤—亮煤为主，镜质组含量高，平均体积分数为65.5%，具有高挥发分、特低水分特征，煤岩品质好。②研究区侏罗系煤层岩性以泥岩、炭质泥岩及煤岩为主，煤岩厚度为1.0～80.0 m，TOC平均为57.60%，生烃潜量（S₁+S₂）平均为79.9 mg/g，氢指数最高达165 mg/g，盆地腹地埋深在4 500 m以上，Ro普遍大于1.5%，最高可达3.5%或以上，整体生气能力强；发育气孔、微裂隙、残留组织孔和矿物晶间孔等4种孔隙类型，中、宏孔占比高，具有高含游离气的储集条件；湖沼沉积环境下形成了煤泥和煤砂2种储-盖组合。③研究区侏罗系煤层发育自生自储和下生上储2类成藏模式，初步估算煤岩气资源量达2.32×10¹²m³，勘探潜力大，鱼卡—九龙山地区中侏罗统和牛东—冷湖地区下侏罗统是深层煤岩气有利勘探方向。

关键词: 煤岩气, 游离气, 煤泥组合, 煤砂组合, 自生自储, 下生上储, 侏罗系, 鱼卡—九龙山地区, 牛东—冷湖地区, 柴达木盆地

Abstract: The exploration of Jurassic coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin is in its early stage and has great exploration potential. Based on outcrop，drilling，seismic，and experimental analysis data，the distribution and quality characteristics of Jurassic coal rock were analyzed. The reservoir formation conditions were evaluated from four aspects： gas generation capacity，reservoir conditions，reservoir-cap assemblages，and gas-bearing properties. And reservoir formation models and resource potential were clarified. The results show that：（1）Jurassic coal rocks in Qaidam Basin are mainly distributed in Middle-Lower Jurassic Hushan Formation，Xiaomeigou Formation，and Dameigou Formation，with large thickness，wide distribution area，distributed from the surface in front of the mountain to the hinterland of the basin（buried at a depth of nearly 10 000 meters），strong gas generation capacity，providing good material foundation for the generation of coal rock gas. The coal rocks are mainly semi-bright coal and bright coal，with high vitrinite content（average volume fraction of 65.5%）. Characterized by high volatile matter and ultra-low moisture content ，the coal rocks have good quality（. 2）The lithologies of Jurassic coal seams in the research area are mainly mudstone，carbonaceous mudstone，and coal rock， with coal rock thickness of 1.0-80.0 m，an average TOC value of 57.60%，an average hydrocarbon generation potential（S₁+S₂） of 79.9 mg/g，hydrogen index reaching up to 165 mg/g，and burial depth of over 4 500 m in the basin hinterland. R_o is generally greater than 1.5%，and can reach up to 3.5%，indicating strong overall gas generation capacity.There are four types of pores，such as pores，microcracks，residual tissue pores，and mineral intergranular pores. High proportions of meso-macropores provide reservior conditions rich in free gas. Two types（coal slurry and coal sand）of reservoir-cap assemblages are formed in the lacustrine sedimentary environment（3）Jurassic coal seams in the research area develop two types of reservoir formation models： self-generation and self-storage， and lower-generation and upper-storage. The preliminary estimate of coal-rock gas resources is 2.32×10¹² m³， with great exploration potential. Middle Jurassic in Yuka-Jiulongshan area and Lower Jurassic in Niudong-Lenghu area represent the most favorable exploration targets for deep coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin.

Key words: coal-rock gas, free gas, coal slurry assemblage, coal sand assemblage, self-generation and selfstorage, lower-generation and upper-storage, Jurassic, Yuka-Jiulongshan area, Niudong-Lenghu area, Qaidam Basin

中图分类号:

TE122

田继先, 石正灏, 李剑, 沙威, 蒋峥文, 杨磊, 鱼雪, 蒲永霞. 柴达木盆地侏罗系煤岩气成藏条件与勘探潜力[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2025, 37(4): 17–25.

TIAN Jixian, SHI Zhenghao, LI Jian, SHA Wei, JIANG Zhengwen, YANG Lei, YU Xue, PU Yongxia. Reservoir formation conditions and exploration potential of Jurassic coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(4): 17–25.

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柴达木盆地侏罗系煤岩气成藏条件与勘探潜力

Reservoir formation conditions and exploration potential of Jurassic coal-rock gas in Qaidam Basin

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