巨厚膏盐岩形变机制解析及其对油气成藏的影响——以阿姆河右岸东部阿盖雷地区侏罗系为例

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20240604

岩性油气藏 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (6): 36–44.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20240604

巨厚膏盐岩形变机制解析及其对油气成藏的影响——以阿姆河右岸东部阿盖雷地区侏罗系为例

张培军¹, 谢明贤², 罗敏¹, 张良杰³, 陈仁金¹, 张文起³, 乐幸福², 雷明²

1. 中石油阿姆河天然气勘探开发(北京)有限公司, 北京 100034;
2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院, 兰州 730020;
3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083

收稿日期:2024-07-15 修回日期:2024-09-30 出版日期:2024-11-01 发布日期:2024-11-04
第一作者:张培军（1973—）,男,教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气勘探开发研究及管理工作。地址:（100034）北京市西城区阜成门北大街6-1号。Email:zhangpeijun@cnpcag.com
通信作者: 谢明贤（1988—）,女,高级工程师,主要从事油气地质综合研究。Email:xiemingxian@petrochina.com.cn
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司科学研究与技术开发项目“海外典型气田上产稳产关键技术研究”（编号：2021DJ33）资助。

Analysis of deformation mechanism of ultra thick gypsum salt rock and its significance for oil and gas reservoir formation：A case study of the Jurassic gypsum salt layers in theAgayry region，eastern right bank of theAmu Darya River

ZHANG Peijun¹, XIE Mingxian², LUO Min¹, ZHANG Liangjie³, CHEN Renjin¹, ZHANG Wenqi³, YUE Xingfu², LEI Ming²

1. PetroChina Amu Darya Natural Gas Exploration and Development(Beijing)Co., Ltd, Beijing 100034, China;
2. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China;
3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2024-07-15 Revised:2024-09-30 Online:2024-11-01 Published:2024-11-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 阿姆河右岸侏罗系钦莫利阶发育巨厚膏盐岩，其对油气富集成藏具有重要影响。综合利用钻井岩心测试资料和地震资料，通过剖面地质形态分析与地震分频属性刻画，对阿姆河右岸东部阿盖雷地区侏罗系与膏岩层相关的典型构造样式进行了识别，并解析了其形变机制，恢复了关键成藏期的古构造，探讨了不同时期构造运动对油气运聚成藏的控制作用。研究结果表明：①阿盖雷地区侏罗系上盐层上部及上覆地层发育滑脱褶皱，下部发育少量大型盐枕构造，中石膏—下盐层—下石膏层整体变形程度较低，下盐层内发育3种形态小型盐枕构造及盐缩颈，盐枕构造间可识别典型礁/丘滩体。②研究区构造挤压应力和重力滑脱作用是形成膏盐岩形变的主要动力，考虑“2期主要构造运动、先存地貌/构造、多层差异化变形塑性地层、纵横向复合叠加变形”4项关键因素建立了多层叠覆型复杂构造变形模式。③采用基于盐层流动增厚量回填的厚度图法恢复了研究区上盐层沉积前、早白垩世末生烃高峰期的古构造，综合生排烃史、构造发育史、气井产量，明确了基于膏盐岩形变恢复的古构造是天然气富集高产的重要因素，具有“天然气持续充注、多期动态成藏”的演化特征，古、今构造继承性发育区为天然气富集的最有利区。

关键词: 膏盐岩, 变形机制, 古构造, 滑脱褶皱, 盐枕构造, 挤压应力, 重力滑脱作用, 侏罗系, 阿盖雷地区, 阿姆河右岸

Abstract: The right bank of the Amu Darya River in Turkmenistan is characterized by the development of a sig nificant gypsums and salts of the upper Jurassic Kimmeridgian stage. It has important influence on the hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation. By comprehensively utilizing data of drilling，core analysis and seismic，typi cal tectonic styles of different strata of the Jurassic gypsum salt layers in the Agayry region，eastern right bank of the Amu Darya River were identified by analyzing the geomorphology of the profile and portraying the seismic crossover frequency attributes. At the same time，the deformation mechanism of the gypsum salt rock and adja cent strata in the context of the regional tectonic movement was explored，and then the ancient structures of the key reservoir formation period were restored，further investigating the role of tectonics in controlling oil and gas transportation and reservoir formation in different periods. The results show that：（1）The upper and overlying strata of the upper salt layer of Jurassic gypsum salt layers in the Agayry region develop detachment folds，while the lower part develops a small amount of large salt pillow structures. The overall deformation degree of the middle gypsum lower salt layer lower gypsum layer is relatively low. Three types of small salt pillow structures and salt necking are developed within the lower salt layer，and typical reef/hill beach bodies can be identified be tween the salt pillow structures.（2）The function of tectonic compression stress and gravity decollement is the main driving forces for the formation of salt layer deformation. Based on the four key factors of "two major tec tonic movements，pre-existing landforms/structures，multi-layer differentiated deformation plastic strata，and longitudinal and transverse composite superimposed deformation”，a multi-layer superimposed complex struc tural deformation model was established.（3）The flow thickening of salt layers and backfilling method was used to restore the ancient structures of before the deposition of salt layers and during the peak period of hydrocarbon generation at the end of the Early Cretaceous in the study area. By integrating the history of hydrocarbon generation and expulsion，structural development，and gas well production，it was clarified that the ancient structures restored based on gypsum salt rock deformation are important factors for high natural gas accumulation and production， with characteristics of“continuous natural gas injection and multi-stage dynamic reservoir formation”. The inherited development areas of ancient and modern structures are the most favorable areas for natural gas enrichment.

Key words: gypsum salt rock, deformation mechanism, paleo structure, gliding fold, salt pillow structure, tectonic compression stress, gravity decollement, Jurassic, Agayry region, right bank of the Amu Darya River

中图分类号:

TE121.2

张培军, 谢明贤, 罗敏, 张良杰, 陈仁金, 张文起, 乐幸福, 雷明. 巨厚膏盐岩形变机制解析及其对油气成藏的影响——以阿姆河右岸东部阿盖雷地区侏罗系为例[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2024, 36(6): 36–44.

ZHANG Peijun, XIE Mingxian, LUO Min, ZHANG Liangjie, CHEN Renjin, ZHANG Wenqi, YUE Xingfu, LEI Ming. Analysis of deformation mechanism of ultra thick gypsum salt rock and its significance for oil and gas reservoir formation：A case study of the Jurassic gypsum salt layers in theAgayry region，eastern right bank of theAmu Darya River[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 36–44.

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巨厚膏盐岩形变机制解析及其对油气成藏的影响——以阿姆河右岸东部阿盖雷地区侏罗系为例

Analysis of deformation mechanism of ultra thick gypsum salt rock and its significance for oil and gas reservoir formation：A case study of the Jurassic gypsum salt layers in theAgayry region，eastern right bank of theAmu Darya River

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