准噶尔盆地玛北斜坡下三叠统百口泉组沉积环境及油气地质意义

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260208

Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 86-96.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260208

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Sedimentary environment and hydrocarbon geological significance of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope, Junggar Basin

ZHANG Hong¹^,²^,³(), ZOU Niuniu¹^,²^,³(), YIN Yuanyan¹^,²^,³, YE Zhilong¹^,²^,³

¹ College of Resources and Environmental Engineering, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China
² Key Laboratory of Karst Geological Resources and Environment, Ministry of Education, Guiyang 550025, China
³ Guizhou Provincial Key Laboratory for Palaeontology and Palaeoenvironment, Guiyang 550025, China

Received:2025-09-06 Revised:2025-11-06 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-01-15

Abstract

Abstract:

Based on rock major and trace elements testing, the sedimentary environment, provenance characte-ristics, and their controlling effects on sedimentary evolution of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation glutenite reservoirs in Mabei slope of Junggar Basin were investigated. The results show that: （1） The reservoir lithology of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope of Junggar Basin is dominated by gray to grayish-green sandy conglomerate. Interstitial materials are mostly argillaceous, with porphyritic cementation as the main cementation type. Grain size probability curves exhibit two-segment or three-segment characteristics. （2） The provenance tectonic setting of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope of Junggar Basin is an active continental margin. The parent rock composition is mainly felsic rocks. Triassic in the northwestern margin of Junggar Basin located in a large thrust nappe fault zone, with intense syndepositional faulting activity at the basin margin, leading to the uplift and erosion of Hala’alat Mountain, which provided sufficient clastic materials for Baikouquan Formation of Mahu Sag. （3） The average chemical index of alteration (CIA) of rock samples from Baikouquan Formation in the study area is 68.53%, the average C value is 0.96, and the average Sr/Cu ratio is 2.45, indicating a warm and humid climate during the deposition. The average Sr/Ba ratio is 0.47, the average mass fraction of Ni is 11.41×10^-6, and the average mass fraction of Li is 19.78×10^-6, showing sedimentary waterbody as freshwater environment. The average Mn/Fe ratio is 0.06, and combined with the variation trends of Rb/Zr and Sr/Ba ratios, it reveals that the lake basin waterbody is generally shallow, with a continuously slow-rising lake level during the deposition. The average U/Th ratio is 0.12, the average Ni/Co ratio is 1.8, and the average value of δU is 0.54, indicating that the overall water environment are oxidizing condition. （4） The average porosity of Baikouquan Formation reservoir in the study area is 9.7%, and the average permeability is 0.53 mD, belonging to a low-porosity and low-permeability reservoir. The warm and humid climate, moderate weathering, sufficient provenance supply, and shallow water oxidizing environment during the deposition period of Baikouquan Formation are all conducive to the large-scale development of retrogradational fan deltas. As the sedimentary facies evolved from fan delta plain to fan delta front, the sediment grain size exhibited a positive cyclothem characteristic of gradual fining from bottom to top, forming a good reservoir-cap assemblage, providing favorable geological conditions for the large-scale fan-controlled hydrocarbon accumulation in Triassic Baikouquan Formation.

Key words: glutenite, major and trace elements, provenance analysis, warm and humid climate, freshwater oxidizing environment, fan delta, Baikouquan Formation, Lower Triassic, Mabei slope, Junggar Basin

CLC Number:

TE121.1

ZHANG Hong, ZOU Niuniu, YIN Yuanyan, YE Zhilong. Sedimentary environment and hydrocarbon geological significance of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Mabei slope, Junggar Basin[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(2): 86-96.

Figures/Tables 11

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Fig. 3

Table 1

Contents and parameters of partial major and trace elements of Lower Triassic Baikouquan Formation in well M19 of Mahu Sag, Junggar Basin"

样品编号	深度/m	δEu	δCe	(Dy/Sm)_N	w(SiO₂)/ %	K₂O/ Na₂O	Al₂O₃/SiO₂	w(Fe₂O₃ +MgO)/%	SiO₂/ Al₂O₃	Al₂O₃/ TiO₂	F1	F2	ICV	CIW	CIA	C	Sr/Cu	w(碳酸盐)/%	Sr/ Ba	w(Sr)/10^-6	w(Ni)/10^-6	w(Li)/ 10^-6	Mn/ Fe	Rb/Zr	U/Th	Ni/Co	δU
M19-18	3 465.7	0.55	1.15	0.35	63.52	0.92	0.17	3.03	5.76	24.65	1.15	2.99	1.54	69.57	61.02	0.27	6.23	16.12	0.92	71.29	9.22	8.62	0.26	102.05	0.16	2.53	0.65
M19-17	3 466.9	0.57	1.15	0.36	67.22	0.59	0.22	4.63	4.56	24.22	0.48	-0.76	0.82	78.67	72.02	0.99	2.15	4.37	0.24	39.27	11.26	16.36	0.03	164.92	0.16	1.92	0.65
M19-16	3 469.8	0.65	1.06	0.38	58.54	0.98	0.24	3.83	4.23	21.08	2.17	2.33	1.29	75.48	67.36	0.34	3.26	16.19	0.85	94.65	13.77	11.38	0.27	500.61	0.09	2.15	0.44
M19-15	3 469.9	0.64	1.22	0.38	70.14	0.71	0.20	4.30	5.05	18.66	-0.93	-0.25	0.88	77.76	69.71	0.89	2.30	4.36	0.67	46.80	11.44	11.01	0.03	138.20	0.11	1.83	0.48
M19-14	3 470.3	0.68	1.22	0.39	69.52	0.72	0.20	4.24	4.89	16.88	-0.92	-0.003	0.87	77.89	69.82	0.86	2.05	4.37	0.69	53.76	14.49	12.90	0.03	110.10	0.11	1.95	0.50
M19-13	3 470.7	0.67	1.22	0.38	75.95	0.69	0.15	2.06	6.60	23.02	-2.43	0.26	0.80	73.27	65.51	0.45	3.08	3.99	0.52	41.59	9.51	6.35	0.06	102.36	0.11	1.51	0.48
M19-12	3 525.2	0.61	1.10	0.45	64.56	0.98	0.21	5.25	4.84	20.30	0.97	0.74	1.19	73.22	64.73	0.68	3.17	9.45	0.72	64.65	10.12	22.69	0.05	195.18	0.12	1.97	0.53
M19-11	3 525.5	0.49	0.97	0.33	66.22	0.69	0.23	6.81	4.38	23.10	1.64	-1.25	0.95	80.37	72.75	1.47	1.51	4.17	0.38	45.09	10.05	30.18	0.02	156.28	0.10	1.68	0.45
M19-10	3 527.3	0.78	1.15	0.38	73.04	1.12	0.16	4.75	6.14	24.02	-1.60	-0.93	0.96	79.83	68.87	1.14	2.46	3.14	0.05	35.65	7.21	19.78	0.02	220.37	0.13	1.89	0.55
M19-9	3 527.9	0.63	1.17	0.40	61.31	0.88	0.28	8.56	3.57	21.09	3.30	-2.06	0.96	83.17	75.42	1.73	1.24	5.03	0.27	78.76	12.60	38.28	0.02	203.25	0.12	1.11	0.53
M19-8	3 530.2	0.71	1.19	0.38	70.64	1.15	0.19	4.90	5.38	18.15	-1.57	-0.15	0.95	79.73	68.58	1.06	2.49	3.69	0.44	39.70	18.22	12.86	0.02	286.08	0.12	1.87	0.54
M19-7	3 530.3	0.77	1.21	0.39	69.50	1.24	0.20	3.02	4.97	15.60	-2.39	1.42	0.87	76.06	65.54	0.52	2.55	5.39	0.41	61.04	20.25	8.65	0.03	146.39	0.14	2.11	0.58
M19-6	3 534.9	0.57	1.20	0.40	66.99	0.94	0.22	6.58	4.53	26.25	1.19	-1.34	0.93	81.79	72.80	1.48	1.17	3.92	0.45	41.00	8.92	28.18	0.02	86.08	0.14	1.42	0.59
M19-5	3 535.5	0.63	0.95	0.45	63.29	1.00	0.18	5.39	5.46	20.60	2.09	0.85	1.52	73.60	64.99	0.55	3.62	13.59	0.71	52.34	8.91	17.26	0.06	28.42	0.13	1.83	0.56
M19-4	3 536	0.59	1.14	0.40	69.48	0.95	0.19	4.66	5.23	27.29	-0.53	0.74	0.98	75.34	65.53	0.87	1.85	4.57	0.30	38.14	8.41	19.77	0.03	10.58	0.11	1.59	0.50
M19-3	3 536.7	0.63	1.12	0.42	70.60	1.02	0.17	4.48	6.02	22.39	-0.75	0.05	1.11	72.27	63.30	0.75	2.35	6.36	0.24	46.51	8.21	20.32	0.04	137.73	0.11	1.84	0.51
M19-2	3 538.4	0.62	1.13	0.42	65.70	0.72	0.22	7.15	4.47	24.62	2.29	-1.38	1.01	78.44	71.22	1.45	2.00	4.85	0.48	44.89	10.74	35.00	0.03	150.05	0.17	1.56	0.67
M19-1	3 540.2	0.71	1.10	0.42	64.42	0.85	0.24	7.90	4.15	24.08	2.36	-1.69	0.97	82.96	74.40	1.81	0.68	3.65	0.12	49.03	12.13	36.46	0.02	133.92	0.11	1.63	0.50
平均值		0.64	1.13	0.39	67.26	0.90	0.20	5.08	5.01	22.00	0.36	-0.03	1.03	77.19	68.53	0.96	2.45	6.51	0.47	52.45	11.41	19.78	0.06	159.59	0.12	1.80	0.54
最大值		0.78	1.22	0.45	75.95	1.24	0.28	8.56	6.60	27.29	3.30	2.99	1.54	83.17	75.42	1.81	6.23	16.19	0.92	94.65	20.25	38.28	0.27	500.61	0.17	2.53	0.67
最小值		0.49	0.95	0.33	58.54	0.59	0.15	2.06	3.57	15.60	-2.43	-2.06	0.80	69.57	61.02	0.27	0.68	3.14	0.05	35.65	7.21	6.35	0.02	10.58	0.09	1.11	0.44

Table 1

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

Fig. 8

Fig. 9

Fig. 10

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[2]	MENG Yang, CAO Xiaopeng, ZHAO Hao, YANG Minglin, LI Zhipeng, TIAN Zhenlei, WU Hongcui, JIANG Yue. Development characteristics and main controlling factors of natural fractures of Jurassic Qigu Formation in Yongjin area， Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(1): 13-25.
[3]	XIAO Meng, ZHOU Yong, WANG Ke, YAN Jingchi, ZHANG Yuejie. Paleogeomorphologic characteristics and sand control mechanisms of Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Lishu fault depression, southern Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(1): 146-161.
[4]	CHEN Xuan, XU Xiongfei, ZHANG Hua, GOU Hongguang, ZHANG Yiting, YOU Fan, CHENG Yi, SUN Yufeng. Carboniferous volcanic reservoirs characteristics and favorable area prediction of the eastern Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(6): 13-27.
[5]	QIU Zhengke, HOU Wenfeng, HUANG Huan, GAO Ruqi, ZHOU Lin, ZHANG Yuanmei, TIAN Jinshan, LI Hao. Characteristics of volcanic edifices and hydrocarbon accumulation models of the 6th and 7th blocks of Ke-Bai fault zone, Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(6): 48-58.
[6]	JIANG Mengya, JIANG Zhongfa, LIU Longsong, WANG Jiangtao, CHEN Hailong, WANG Xueyong, LIU Hailei. Hydrocarbon geochemical characteristics and source of Triassic Baijiantan Formation in Dabasong uplift, Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(6): 71-87.
[7]	LIU Guanbo, CHEN Shijia, LI Shihong, ZOU Yang, LI Yong. Gas generation potential and reservoir formation condition of Permian Fengcheng Formation source rock in Mazhong structural belt of Mahu Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(5): 83-96.
[8]	YE Hui, ZHU Feng, WANG Guizhong, SHI Wanzhong, KANG Xiaoning, DONG Guoning, Naziyiman, WANG Ren. Paleogeomorphy restoration of Permian-Jurassic and its hydrocarbon implications in Junggar Basin，NW China [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(5): 122-132.
[9]	LI Zhenming, JIA Cunshan, WANG Bin, SONG Zhenxiang, QIU Qi, WANG Jiyuan, XU Chenjie, CUI Yuyao. Characteristics and resource potential of source rocks of Carboniferous Shiqiantan Formation in Shiqiantan Sag，eastern Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(4): 115-126.
[10]	HU Changhao, PEI Jiaxue, CAI Guogang. Hydrocarbon continuous accumulation conditions of Cretaceous Jiufotang Formation in Ludong Sag，Kailu Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(3): 1-12.
[11]	YIN Zhaopu, ZHU Feng, ZHOU Zhiyao, WANG Lili, LIU Xiaoye, Nazyman, WANG Yuting, HUANG Darui. Main controlling factors of hydrocarbon accumulation and enrichment of Jurissic Xishanyao Formation in Monan Slope，Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(3): 33-46.
[12]	DENG Gaoshan, DONG Xuemei, YU Haitao, ZHANG Jie, YUE Xiwei, REN Junmin, JIANG Tao. Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration potential of Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Shawan Sag，Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(3): 59-72.
[13]	LI Xiang, FU Lei, WEI Pu, LI Junfei, XU Gang, CAO Qianqian, ZHONG Yang, WANG Zhenpeng. Restoration of sedimentary paleogeography and its control on sedimentary system: A case study of the Triassic Baikouquan Formation in Shixi area of Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(2): 38-48.
[14]	HU Xin, ZHU Xiaomin, JIN Xuling, HUANG Cheng, ZHOU Yue, CHENG Changling, XIU Jinlei, REN Xincheng. Sedimentary characteristics of the shallow-water braided river delta of Jurassic Qigu Formation in Yongjin area, Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(2): 115-126.
[15]	CHEN Peng, WU Xiaoning, LIN Yu, ZHONG Houcai, ZHANG Jie, HUANG Youhua, YUE Wen, LENG Ping. Carboniferous structural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation regularity of Chepaizi Uplift in Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(1): 68-77.