Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2018, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (1): 1-18.doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2018.01.001

    Next Articles

Hyperpycnal flows and hyperpycnites: Origin and distinctive characteristics

Carlos Zavala1,2, PAN Shuxin3   

  1. 1. GCS Argentina, Bahía Blanca B8000 JSZ, Argentina;
    2. Geology Department, National University of the South, Bahía Blanca B8000 CPB, Argentina;
    3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2017-09-18 Revised:2017-12-18 Online:2018-01-21 Published:2018-01-21

Abstract: Flooding river discharges a sediment-water mixture having a bulk density that often exceeds that of the water in the receiving water body. Consequently,when these flows enter a marine or lacustrine basin they plunge and move basinward as a land-derived underflow or hyperpycnal flow. Deposits related to hyperpycnal flows are hyperpycnites. Some fine hyperpycnites are composed of an inversely graded(waxing flow)basal unit,followed in transition by a normally graded(waning flow)unit.Three main facies families related to the three main elements that govern the movement of almost all sustained hyperpycnal discharges in marine settings:bedload,suspended load and lofting. These facies categories are here termed as B(bedload related sedimentary facies),S(suspended-load related sedimentary facies)and L(lofting related sedimentary facies). Hyperpycnites include three kinds of depositional elements:channel fill,lobes and levee deposits. Although hyperpycnites display typical and diagnostic characteristics that allow a clear recognition,these deposits are often misinterpreted in the literature as sandy debrites,shoreface,estuarine of fluvial deposits.

Key words: hyperpycnal flows, hyperpycnites, turbulent flow, deep water sedimentary, Neuquén Basin, Ordos Basin, Songliao Basin, Siberian Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE121.3
[1] SYVITSKI J P M. Supply and flux of sediment along hydrological pathways:Research for the 21 st Century. Global and Plane-tary Change,2003,39(1/2):1-11.
[2] BATES C. Rational theory of delta formation. AAPG Bulletin, 1953,37:2119-2162.
[3] MULDER T,SYVITSKI J P M,MIGEON S,et al. Marine hyperpycnal flows:initiation,behavior and related deposits. A review:Marine and Petroleum Geology,2003,20:861-882.
[4] MULDER T,CHAPRON E. Flood deposits in continental and marine environments:Character and signi fi cance//SLATT R M,ZAVALA C,Sediment transfer from shelf to deep water-Revisiting the delivery system. AAPG Studies in Geology,2011:1-30.
[5] GALLOWAY W E. Process framework for describing the morphologic and stratigraphic evolution of deltaic depositional systems//BROUSSARD M L. Deltas,models for exploration:Houston Geological Society,Houston,Texas:1975:87-98.
[6] MULDER T,SYVITSKI J P M. Turbidity current generated at river mouths during exceptional discharges to the world oceans. Journal of Geology,1995,103(3):285-299.
[7] PARSONS J D,BUSH J,SYVITSKI J P M. Hyperpycnal flow formation with small sediment concentrations. Sedimentology, 2001,48(2):465-478.
[8] ZAVALA C,CARVAJAL J,MARCANO,et al. Sedimentological indexes:a new tool for regional studies of hyperpycnal systems. AAPG Hedberg Conference"Sediment transfer from shelf to deep water-revisiting the delivery mechanisms". Ushuaia-Patagonia,Argentina,2008.
[9] ZAVALA C,ARCURI M,GAMERO H,et al. A genetic facies tract for the analysis of sustained hyperpycnal flow deposits//SLATT R M,ZAVALA C. Sediment transfer from shelf to deep water-revisiting the delivery system. AAPG Studies in Geology, 2011,61:31-51.
[10] ZAVALA C,ARCURI M,GAMERO DÍAZ H,et al. The composite bed:a new distinctive feature of hyperpycnal deposition.2007 AAPG Annual Convention and Exhibition. Long Beach,California USA,2007.
[11] KASSEM A,IMRAN J. Simulation of turbid underflows generated by the plunging of a river. Geology,2001,29(9):655-658.
[12] ZAVALA C,ARCURI M. Intrabasinal and Extrabasinal turbidites:origin and distinctive characteristics. Sedimentary Geology,2016,337:36-54.
[13] DE ROOIJ F,DALZIEL S B. Time and space resolved measurements of deposition under turbidity currents//MCCAFFREY B,KNELLER B,PEAKALL J. Particulate gravity currents. International Association of Sedimentologists,Special Publication, 2001,31:207-215.
[14] PEAKALL J FELIX M,MCCAFFREY B,et al. Particulate gravity currents:Perspectives//MCCAFFREY B,KNELLER B,PEAKALL J. Particulate gravity currents. International Asso-ciation of Sedimentologists,Special Publication,2001,31:1-8.
[15] ZAVALA C,PONCE J,DRITTANTI D,et al. Ancient lacustrine hyperpycnites:a depositional model from a case study in the Rayoso Formation(Cretaceous)of west-central Argentina. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76:41-59.
[16] MULDER T,ALEXANDER J. The physical character of subaqueous sedimentary density flows and their deposits. Sedimentology,2001,48:269-299.
[17] NAKAJIMA T. Hyperpycnites deposited 700 km away from river mouths in the Central Japan Sea. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2006,76(1):60-73.
[18] PRIOR D B,BORNHOLD B D,WISEMAN W J,et al. Turbidity current activity in a British Columbia fjord. Science,1987,237(8240):1330-1333.
[19] JOHNSON K S,PAULL C K,BARRY J P,et al. A decadal record of underflows from a coastal river into the deep sea. Geology, 2001,29(1934):1019-1022.
[20] FARNSWORTH K L. Monterey Canyon as a conduit for sediment to the deep ocean. Moss Landing:MBARI,2000:25.
[21] BAUDIN F,DISNAR J R,MARTINEZ P,et al. Distribution of the organic matter in the channel levees systems of the Congo mud-rich deep-sea fan(West Africa):Implication for deep offshore petroleum source rocks and global carbon cycle. Marine and Petroleum Geology,2010,27:995-1010.
[22] GWIAZDA R,PAULL C K,USSLER Ⅲ W,et al. Evidence of modern fine-grained sediment accumulation in the Monterey Fan from measurements of the pesticide DDT and its metabolites. Marine Geology,2015,363:125-133.
[23] KHRIPOUNOFF A,VANGRIESHEIM A,BABONNEAU N, et al. Direct observation of intense turbidity current activity in the Zaire submarine valley at 4000 m water depth. Marine Geology,2003,194(3/4):151-158.
[24] HEEZEN B C,MENZIES R J,SCHNEIDER E D,et al. Congo submarine canyon. AAPG Bulletin,1964,48(7):1126-1149.
[25] SAVOYE B,BABONNEAU N,DENNIELOU B,et al. Geological overview of the Angola-Congo Margin,the Congo deepsea fan and its submarine valleys. Deep sea research,Part Ⅱ:Topical Studies in Oceanography,2009,56:2169-2182.
[26] KAO S J,DAI M,SELVARAJ K,et al. Cyclone-driven deepsea injection of freshwater and heat by hyperpycnal flow in the subtropics. Geophysical Research Letters,2010,37(21):389-400.
[27] MANSURBEG H,EL-GHALI M A K,MORAD S,et al. The impact of meteoric water on the diagenetic alterations in deepwater,marine siliciclastic turbidites. Journal of Geochemical Exploration,2006,89(1):254-258.
[28] ZAVALA C,ARCURI M,GAMERO H. Towards a genetic model for the analysis of hyperpycnal systems:2006 GSAAnnualMeeting, Philadelphia,PA,USA. Topical session T136:River Generated Hyperpycnal Events and Resulted Deposits in Modern and Ancient Environments,2006.
[29] ZAVALA C. Towards a genetic facies tract for the analysis of Hyperpycnal deposits:Keynote address. AAPG Hedberg Conference"Sediment transfer from shelf to deepwater-revisiting the deliverymechanisms",Ushuaia-Patagonia,Argentina,2008.
[30] MUTTI E,DAVOLI G,TINTERRI R,et al. The importance of ancient fluvio-deltaic systems dominated by catastrophic flooding in tectonically active basins:Memorie di Scienze Geologiche, Universita di Padova,1996,48(1):233-291.
[31] MANVILLE V,WHITE J D L. Incipient granular mass flows at the base of sediment-laden floods,and the roles of flow competence and flow capacity in the deposition of stratified bouldery sands. Sedimentary Geology,2003,155(1):157-173.
[32] BOUMA A. Reinterpretation of depositional processes in a classic flysch sequence(Pennsylvanian Jack-fork Group),Ouachita Mountains,Arkansas and Oklahoma.AAPG Bulletin,1997,81(3):470-472.
[33] SHANMUGAM G. Slides,slumps,debris flows and turbidity currents.STEELE J H,TUREKIAN K K,THORPE S A. Encyclopedia of Ocean Sciences.2 nd ed. Elsevier,978-0-12-374473-9 p,2008:447-467.
[34] SHANMUGAM G. Slides,slumps,debris flows,turbidity currents and bottom currents. Reference Module in Earth Systems and Environmental Sciences. Elsevier,2016:87.
[35] LI X B,CHEN Q L,LIU H Q,et al. Features of sandy debris flows of the Yanchang Formation in the Ordos Basin and its oil and gas exploration significance. Acta Geologica Sinica,2011, 85(5):1187-1202.
[36] ZOU C,WANG L,LI Y,et al. Deep-lacustrine transformation of sandy debrites into turbidites,Upper Triassic,central China. Sedimentary Geology,2012,265-266(Suppl 1):143-155.
[37] 王建民,王佳媛.鄂尔多斯盆地西南部长7深水浊积特征与储层发育.岩性油气藏,2017,29(4):11-19. WANG J M,WANG J Y. Deep-water turbidite characteristics and its reservoir development of Chang 7 oil layers in southwestern Ordos Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs,2017,29(4):11-19.
[38] MUTTI E,DAVOLI G,TINTERRI R. Flood-related gravityflow deposits in fluvial and fluvio-deltaic depositional systems and their sequence-stratigraphic implications//POSAMENTIER H W,MUTTI E,Second high-resolution sequence stratigraphy conference,Tremp,Abstract Book,1994:137-143.
[39] SALLER A,LIN R,DUNHAM J. Leaves in turbidite sands:The main source of oil and gas in the deep-water Kutei Basin, Indonesia. AAPG Bulletin,2006,90(10):1585-1608.
[40] GRIMM K A,FÖLLMI K B. Doomed pioneers:allochthonous crustacean tracemakers in anaerobic basinal strata,Oligo-Miocene San Gregorio Formation,Baja California Sur,Mexico:Palaios, 1994,9(4):313-334.
[41] SANDERS J E. Primary sedimentary structures formed by turbidity currents and related sedimentation mechanisms//MIDDLETON G V. Primary sedimentary structures and their hydrodinamic interpretation. SEPM Special Publication,1965,12:192-219.
[42] KNELLER B,BRANNEY M. Sustained high-density turbidity currents and the deposition of thick massive sands. Sedimentology, 1995,42(4):607-616.
[43] CAMACHO H,BUSBY C J,KNELLER B. A new depositional model for the classical turbidite locality at San Clemente State Beach,California. AAPG Bulletin,2002,86(9):1543-1560.
[44] BANERJEE I. Experimental study on the effect of deceleration on the vertical sequence of sedimentary structures in silty sediments.Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1977,41(5):771-783.
[45] ARNOTT R W C,HAND B M. Bedforms,primary structures and grain fabric in the presence of suspended sediment rain. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1989,59(6):1062-1069.
[46] SUMNER E J,AMY L A,TALLING P J. Deposit structure and processes of sand deposition from decelerating sediment suspensions. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2008,78:529-547.
[47] ZAVALA C,ARCURI M,BLANCO VALIENTE L. The importance of plant remains as diagnostic criteria for the recognition of ancient hyperpycnites. Revue de Paléobiologie,2012,11(6):457-469.
[48] AMY L A,KNELLER B,MCCAFFREY W D. Facies architecture of the Grès de Peïra Cava,SE France:Landward stacking patterns in ponded turbiditic basins. Journal of the Geological Society, 2007,164(1):143-162.
[49] ARCURI M,ZAVALA C. Very thick massive sandstone bodies:Origin and internal architecture. AAPG annual conference,Session 3853,Effects of active structural growth and confined basins on sandbody architecture I,Long Beach,California,2007.
[50] ARCURI M,ZAVALA C. Hyperpycnal shelfal lobes-some examples of the lotena and lajas formations,Neuquén Basin,Argentina. AAPG Hedberg conference"Sediment transfer from shelf to deepwater-revisiting the delivery mechanisms". UshuaiaPatagonia,Argentina,2008.
[51] BOUMAA H. Sedimentology of some flysch deposits,a graphic approach to facies interpretation. Elsevier Co.,2010,168,Amsterdam.
[52] SIMONS D B,RICHARDSON E V,NORDIN C F. Sedimentary structures generated by flow on alluvial channels//MIDDLETON G V. Primary sedimentary structures and their hydrodynamic interpretation. SEPM Special Publication,1965,12:34-52.
[53] HARMS J C,SOUTHARD J B,SPEARING D R,et al. Depositional environments as interpreted from primary sedimentary structures and stratification sequences.Tulsa,SEPM Short Course, No.2,1975:161.
[54] HARMS J C,SOUTHARD J B,WALKER R G. Structures and sequences in clastic rocks.Tulsa,SEPM short course notes 9, 1982:249.
[55] Southard J B. Experimental determination of bedform stability. Annual Review of Earth and Planetary Sciences,1991,19(1):423-455.
[56] MORSILLI M,POMAR L. Internal waves vs. surface storm waves:a review on the origin of hummocky cross-stratification. Terra Nova,2012,24(4):273-282.
[57] GUY H P,SIMMONS D B,RICHARDSON E. Summary of alluvial channel data from flume experiments,1956-1961,Professional papers of the U.S. Geological Survey,1966,462:96.
[58] HUNTER R E. Terminology of cross-stratified sedimentary layers and climbing-ripple structures. Journal of Sedimentary Research,1977,47(2):697-706.
[59] JOPLING A V,WALKER R G. Morphology and origin of rippledrift cross lamination,with examples of Pleistocene of Massachusetts. Journal of Sedimentary Petrology,1968,38(4):971-984.
[60] ASHLEY G M,SOUTHARD J B,BOOTHROYD J C. Deposition of climbing-ripple beds:a flume simulation. Sedimentology, 2010,29(1):67-79.
[61] JOBE Z R,LOWE D R,MORRIS W R. Climbing-ripple successions in turbidite systems:depositional environments,sedimentation rates and accumulation times. Sedimentology,2012,59(3):867-898.
[62] ZAVALA C,GAMERO H,ARCURI M. Lofting rhythmites:a diagnostic feature for the recognition of hyperpycnal deposits:2006 GSA Annual Meeting,Philadelphia,PA,USA,Topical session T136:River Generated Hyperpycnal Events and Resulted Deposits in Modern andAncient Environments,2006.
[63] ZAVALA C,BLANCO VALIENTE L,VALLEZ Y. The origin of lofting rhythmites. Lessons from thin sections. AAPG Hedberg Conference"Sediment Transfer from Shelf to Deepwater -Revisiting the Delivery Mechanisms",Ushuaia-Patagonia,Argentina,2008.
[64] PETTER A L,STEEL R J. Deepwater-Slope Channels and Hyperpycnal Flows from the Eocene of the Central Spitsbergen Basin:Predicting Basin-Floor Sands from a Shelf Edge/Upper Slope Perspective. AAPG Annual Meeting,Calgary,Alberta,Canada, 2005.
[65] LAMB M P,MYROW P M,LUKENS C,et al. Deposits from wave-influenced turbidity currents:Pennsylvanian Minturn Formation,Colorado,USA. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2008, 78(7/8):480-498.
[66] SPARKS R S J,BONNECAZE R T,HUPPERT H E,et al. Sediment-laden gravity currents with reversing buoyancy. Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1993,114(2/3):243-257.
[67] KNELLER B,BUCKEE C. The structure and fluid mechanics of turbidity currents:a review of some recent studies and their geological implications. Sedimentology,2000,47(Suppl 1):62-94.
[68] MUTTI E,SONNINO M. Compensation cycles:a diagnostic feature of turbidite sandstone lobes//VALLONI,R,COLELLA A,SONNINO,et al. Abstr. Int. Assoc. Sediment,2 nd Europe. Reg. Mtg.,Bologna,1981:120-123.
[69] HESSE R,RASHID H,KHODABAKHSH S. Fine-grained sediment lofting from meltwater-generated turbidity currents during Heinrich events. Geology,2004,23(5):449-452.
[70] HESSE R,KHODABAKHSH S. Significance of fine-grained sediment lofting from melt-water generated turbidity currents for the timing of glaciomarine sediment transport into the deep sea:Sedimentary Geology,2006,186(1/2):1-11.
[71] HOYAL D C J D,VAN WAGONER J C,ADAIR N L,et al. Sedimentation from jets:a depositional model for clastic deposits of all scales and environments:Search and Discovery Article # 80081,2003.
[72] WINKER C D. High-resolution seismic stratigraphy of a late Pleistocene submarine fan ponded by salt-withdrawal minibasins on the Gulf of Mexico continental slope. Proc. 3 rd Annual Offshore Technol. Conf.,1996,28(1):619-628.
[73] SINCLAIR H D,TOMASSO M. Depositional evolution of confined turbidite basins. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2002,72(4):451-456.
[74] TONIOLO H,LAMB M P,PARKER G. Depositional turbidity currents in diapiric minibasins on the continental slope:formulation and theory. Journal of Sedimentary Research,2006,76(5):783-797.
[75] 潘树新,刘化清,ZAVALA C,等.大型坳陷湖盆异重流成因的水道-湖底扇系统——以松辽盆地白垩系嫩江组一段为例. 石油勘探与开发,2017,44(6):860-870. PAN S X,LIU H Q,ZAVALA C,et al. Sublacustrine hyperpycnal channel-fan system in a large depression basin:a case study of Nen 1 member,Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation in the Songliao Basin,NE China. Petroleum Exploration and Development,2017, 44(6):860-870.
[1] RAN Yixuan, WANG Jian, ZHANG Yi. Favorable exploration area and formation condition of bedrock reservoir in the of central paleo-uplift,northern Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 66-76.
[2] Guan Yunwen, Su Siyu, Pu Renhai, Wang Qichao, Yan Sujie, Zhang Zhongpei, Chen Shuo, Liang Dongge. Palaeozoic gas reservoir-forming conditions and main controlling factors in Xunyi area,southern Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 77-88.
[3] QU Weihua, TIAN Ye, DONG Changchun, GUO Xiaobo, LI Lili, LIN Siya, XUE Song, YANG Shihe. Characteristics of Cretaceous source rocks and their controlling effect on hydrocarbon accumulation in Dehui Fault Depression,Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 122-134.
[4] YIN Hu, QU Hongjun, SUN Xiaohan, YANG Bo, ZHANG Leigang, ZHU Rongxing. Characteristics of deep-water deposits and evolution law of Triassic Chang 7 reservoir in southeastern Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 145-155.
[5] WANG Zixin, LIU Guangdi, YUAN Guangjie, YANG Henglin, FU Li, WANG Yuan, CHEN Gang, ZHANG Heng. Characteristics and reservoir control of source rocks of Triassic Chang 7 member in Qingcheng area,Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 133-144.
[6] WANG Hongxing, HAN Shiwen, HU Jia, PAN Zhihao. Prediction and main controlling factors of tuff reservoirs of Cretaceous Huoshiling Formation in Dehui fault depression,Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 35-45.
[7] MOU Feisheng, YIN Xiangdong, HU Cong, ZHANG Haifeng, CHEN Shijia, DAI Linfeng, LU Yifan. Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of tight oil of Triassic Chang 7 member in northern Shaanxi area,Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 71-84.
[8] YANG Weihua. Hydrocarbon accumulation model and main controlling factors of tight oil of the fourth member of Cretaceous Yingcheng Formation in Shuangcheng fault depression,Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 25-34.
[9] WANG Hongbo, ZHANG Lei, CAO Qian, ZHANG Jianwu, PAN Xing. Sedimentary model of fluvial fan of Permian He-8 member in Ordos Basin and its exploration significance [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 117-126.
[10] HE Wenyuan, ZHAO Ying, ZHONG Jianhua, SUN Ningliang. Characteristics and significance of micron pores and micron fractures in shale oil reservoirs of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Gulong sag,Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 1-18.
[11] DUAN Yifei, ZHAO Weiwei, YANG Tianxiang, LI Fukang, LI Hui, WANG Jianan, LIU Yuchen. Source-reservoir characteristics and accumulation rules of shale gas of Permian Shanxi Formation in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 72-83.
[12] CAO Jiangjun, WANG Xi, WANG Liuwei, LI Cheng, SHI Jian, CHEN Zhaobing. Characteristics and main controlling factors of interbedded shale oil reservoirs of Triassic Chang 7 member in Heshui area,Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 158-171.
[13] LI Qihui, REN Dazhong, NING Bo, SUN Zhen, LI Tian, WAN Cixuan, YANG Fu, ZHANG Shiming. Micro-pore structure characteristics of coal seams of Jurassic Yan’an Formation in Shenmu area,Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(2): 76-88.
[14] LEI Tao, MO Songyu, LI Xiaohui, JIANG Nan, ZHU Chaobin, WANG Qiao, QU Xuejiao, WANG Jia. Sandbody superimposition patterns and oil and gas exploration significance of Permian Shanxi Formation in Daniudi gas field,Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(2): 147-159.
[15] DENG Yuan, CHEN Xuan, QIN Jianhua, LI Yingyan, HE Jixiang, TAO Xin, YIN Taiju, GAO Yang. Paleogeomorphology and favorable reservior distribution of the first member of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(1): 136-144.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] WEI Qinlian, ZHENG Rongcai, XIAO Ling,WANG Chengyu, NIU Xiaobing. Influencing factors and characteristics of Chang 6 reservoir in Wuqi area, Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(4): 45 -50 .
[2] WANG Dongqi, YIN Daiyin. Empirical formulas of relative permeability curve of water drive reservoirs[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2017, 29(3): 159 -164 .
[3] LI Yun, SHI Zhiqiang. Study on fluid inclusion of tight sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic Xujiahe Formation in central Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 27 -32 .
[4] JIANG Ren, FAN Tailiang, XU Shouli. Concept and techniques of seismic geomorphology[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 33 -38 .
[5] ZOU Mingliang, HUANG Sijing, HU Zuowei, FENG Wenli, LIU Haoniannian. The origin of carbonate cements and the influence on reservoir quality of Pinghu Formation in Xihu Sag, East China Sea[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 47 -52 .
[6] WANG Bingjie, HE Sheng, NI June, FANG Du. Activity analysis of main faults in Qianquan area, Banqiao Sag[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 75 -82 .
[7] CHEN Zhenbiao, ZHANG Chaomo, ZHANG Zhansong, LING Husong, SUN Baodian. Using NMR T2 spectrum distribution to study fractal nature of pore structure[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 105 -110 .
[8] ZHANG Houfu, XU Zhaohui. Discussion on stratigraphic-lithologic reservoirs exploration in the aspect of the research history of reservoirs[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 114 -123 .
[9] ZHANG Xia. Cultivation of exploration creativity[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 16 -20 .
[10] YANG Wuyang, YANG Wencai, LIU Quanxin, WANG Xiwen. 3D frequency and space domain amplitude-preserved migration with viscoelastic wave equations[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 86 -91 .
TRENDMD: