Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 53-62.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260405

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Determination of hydrocarbon accumulation time of Guantao Formation in the south slope of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

XU Haoxuan1,2(), FU Guang1,2()   

  1. 1 State Key Laboratory of Continental Shale Oil, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China
    2 School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2026-03-01 Revised:2026-05-07 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: FU Guang E-mail:2293412324@qq.com;fuguang2008@126.com

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Abstract:

Based on seismic, drilling, well logging and geochemical testing and analysis, the method for determining the accumulation time of hydrocarbon transported by sandstone-fault system to shallow layers was proposed. The accumulation time of oil transported by the lower submember of the first member of Shahejie Formation （Es1x） sandbody-Zhaobei Fault transport system to Guantao Formation was clarified, and the relationship between the accumulation time and hydrocarbon distribution of Guantao Formation and its upper reservoirs was analyzed.Research results show that: （1） The method for determining the accumulation time of hydrocarbon transported by sandstone-fault system to shallow reservoirs is as follows: the hydrocarbon transport time of sandbody is obtained by superimposing the formation time of sandbody, the duration of sealing capacity of overlying mudstone caprock (the period from the synchronization of mudstone and sandbody sealing indices to present), the sandbody tilting time during the last fault activity, and the hydrocarbon expulsion time of source rock. By restoring the paleo-thickness of mudstone caprock and paleo-fault throws of faults in different geological periods, and calculating their difference, the paleo-residual thickness of mudstone caprock in each period can be obtained. The hydrocarbon migration time of fault is the time interval from the time corresponding to the maximum residual thickness required for the fault to penetrate mudstone caprocks, to the termination of fault activity. The superposition of hydrocarbon transport time by sandbody and by fault is the final accumulation time of hydrocarbon transported by sand-fault system to shallow layers. （2） In the study area, the hydrocarbon migration time through the sandbody pathway of Es1x is the sedimentary period of Minghuazhen Formation. The time when Zhaobei Fault simultaneously cut through mudstone caprocks of the middle submember of the first member of Shahejie Formation (Es1z) and the second member of Dongying Formation (Ed2) was from the middle sedimentary period to the end of Minghuazhen Formation. The accumulation time of oil transported to the shallow Guantao Formation via Es1x sandbody-Zhaobei Fault system was from the middle sedimentary period to the end of Minghuazhen Formation, which is consistent with the hydrocarbon charging time obtained from the homogenization temperature of fluid inclusions in Guantao Formation combined with burial-thermal history. （3） The limited duration of oil transportation to Guantao Formation via Es1x sandbody-Zhaobei Fault system in the study area, is the fundamental reason for the current restricted occurrence scale of hydrocarbon in Guantao Formation near Zhaobei Fault. Zhaobei Fault did not cut through the mudstone caprock of Minghuazhen Formation, so there is no hydrocarbon accumulation above Minghuazhen Formation.

Key words: sandstone-fault hydrocarbon transport system, shallow reservoir accumulation, fault activity period, sealing index, Zhaobei Fault, the lower submember of the first member of Shahejie Formation, Guantao Formation, Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1

Fig. 1

Location of Zhaobei Fault in Qikou Sag （a） and comprehensive stratigraphic column （b）, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 2

Oil and gas distribution （a） and seismic sections （b） of Paleogene Es1x and Neogene Guantao Formation in Zhaobei Fault and its periphery, Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 3

Schematic diagram of sandstone-fault hydrocarbon transport system"

Fig. 4

Variation of sealing indices of the sandbody and its overlying mudstone caprock with time"

Fig. 5

Overlapping diagram of fault activity period and hydrocarbon expulsion time of source rock"

Fig. 6

Schematic diagram of the beginning of fault penetrating through mudstone caprock"

Fig. 7

Variation of sealing indices of mudstone caprock of Es1z and sandbody of Es1x with time of the south slope of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 8

Overlapping diagram of Zhaobei Fault activity period of the south slope of Qikou Sag and hydrocarbon charging time of Es3 source rock of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 9

Spatial position of Zhaobei Fault penetrating through mudstone caprocks of Es1z and Ed2 in the south slope of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 10

Diagram of the initiation time of Zhaobei Fault penetrating through mudstone caprocks of Es1z and Ed2 in the south slope of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 11

Determination of hydrocarbon accumulation of oil transported by Es1x sandbodies-Zhaobei Fault to shallow Guantao Formation in the south slope of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 12

Distribution of migration paths of oil transported by Es1x sandbodies-Zhaobei Fault to shallow Guantao Formation in the south slope of Qikou Sag, Bohai Bay Basin"

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