Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 63-73.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20210306

• PETROLEUM GEOLOGY • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Sedimentary characteristics of Eocene lacustrine microbialites in western Qaidam Basin: A case study from Xiaganchaigou Formation in Xichagou and Liangdong areas

LI Xiang1,2, WANG Jiangong1,2, LI Fei3, WANG Yulin1, WU Kunyu3,4, LI Yafeng4, LI Xianming4   

  1. 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description, CNPC, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    3. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    4. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-06-25 Revised:2020-10-18 Published:2021-06-03

PDF (PC)

347

Abstract: Qaidam Basin is an excellent site to study Cenozoic lacustrine carbonate rocks，especially lacustrine microbialites. The Eocene Xiaganchaigou Formation in western Qaidam Basin contains a set of large-scale lacustrine microbialites with a close relationship with hydrocarbon resources. Based on core observation，thin section identification，scanning electron microscope，electron probe microanalysis and laser confocal analysis of outcrops， the macroscopic to microscopic characteristics of microbialites of the upper Xiaganchaigou Formation of Eocene （E32）in Xichagou and Liangdong areas of Qaidam Basin were dissected. The results show that this set of microbiolites mainly formed in the rapid lacustrine transgression stage，and developed on the hard basement such as conglomerate and siltstone，and died out in the late period due to the shrinkage of the lake basin. The lacustrine microbialites are composed of thrombolites，stromatolites and their alternating compound types，which have large lateral distribution and the outcrop can reach several kilometers. Other carbonate particles include peloids， ooids，biodetritus and aggregate grains. Microscopically，the thrombolites are characterized by cryptocrystalline cohesive framework with clotted structure，containing abundant bioclasts and a small amount of ooids and peloids between the frameworks. Stromatolite shows slow undulant laminae. The microbialites in the western Qaidam Basin are mainly developed in high energy shallow water，low energy deep water uplifts and low energy fault zone. The research results can provide a reference for Cenozoic hydrocarbon exploration in Qaidam Basin.

Key words: lacustrine microbialite, thrombolite, stromatolite, peloid, ooid, Eocene, western Qaidam Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2
[1] BURNE R V, MOORE L S. Microbialites:Organosedimentary deposits of benthic microbial communities. Palaios, 1987, 2:241-254.
[2] 穆西南, 袁训来. 绪论:化石藻类和叠层石. 微体古生物学报, 2003, 20(1):1-4. MU X N, YUAN X L. Introduction to fossil algae and stromatolites. Acta Micropalaeontologica Sinica, 2003, 20(1):1-4.
[3] WOO J, CHOUGH S K, HAN Z. Chambers of epiphyton thalli in microbial buildups, Zhangxia Formation(Middle Cambrian), Shandong Province, China. Palaios, 2008, 23:55-64.
[4] 韩作振, 陈吉涛, 迟乃杰, 等. 微生物碳酸盐岩研究:回顾与展望.海洋地质与第四纪地质, 2009, 29(4):29-38. HAN Z Z, CHEN J T, CHI N J, et al. Microbial carbonates:A review and perspectives. Marine Geology & Quaternary Geology, 2009, 29(4):29-38.
[5] PORTA G D. Carbonate build-ups in lacustrine, hydrothermal and fluvial settings:Comparing depositional geometry, fabric types and geochemical signature. Geological Society, London, Special Publications, 2015, 418(1):17-68.
[6] 夏正楷, 张昀, 杨德军, 等. 泥河湾层中叠层石的发现及其古环境意义.中国科学, 1993, 23(8):874-879. XIA Z K, ZHANG Y, YANG D J, et al. Discovery of stromatolites in Nihewan bed and its palaeoenvironmental significance. Science in China, 1993, 23(8):874-879.
[7] 温志峰, 钟建华, 张跃中, 等. 柴达木盆地西部生物礁储层的分布特征.石油学报, 2005, 26(6):30-35. WEN Z F, ZHONG J H, ZHANG Y Z, et al. Distribution characteristics of reef reservoir in the western Qaidam Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2005, 26(6):30-35.
[8] 郭泽清, 李本亮, 张林, 等. 低幅度构造天然气成藏的闭合度下限探讨:以柴达木盆地三湖地区为例. 地质科学, 2008, 43(1):34-49. GUO Z Q, LI B L, ZHANG L, et al. Discussion on minimum closure for low-amplitude structural nature gas pool:A case study from Sanhu area in the Qaidam Basin. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2008, 43(1):34-49.
[9] 温志峰, 刘显太, 钟建华, 等. 柴达木盆地新近纪叠层石中微生物化石组合的发现与钙化方式研究. 地质学报, 2010, 84(2):263-271. WEN Z F, LIU X T, ZHONG J H, et al. Discovery of microorganism fossil and study on microorganism induced calcification in Miocene stromatolites, Qaidam Basin, China. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2010, 84(2):263-271.
[10] 曾令旗, 伊海生, 夏国清, 等. 柴达木盆地新生代湖相叠层石沉积序列及古环境意义. 现代地质, 2017, 31(6):1251-1260. ZENG L Q, YI H S, XIA G Q, et al. Sedimentary sequences and implications for paleoenvironment of Cenozoic lacustrine stromatolites, Qaidam Basin. Geoscience, 2017, 31(6):1251-1260.
[11] 钟建华, 郭泽清, 杨树锋, 等. 柴达木盆地茫崖坳陷古近系- 新近系Ro分布特征及地质意义. 地质学报, 2004, 78(3):407-415. ZHONG J H, GUO Z Q, YANG S F, et al. Vertical distribution of the Tertiary vitrinite reflectivity(Ro) and its geological significance in the western Qaidam Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2004, 78(3):407-415.
[12] 伍坤宇, 廖春, 李翔, 等.柴达木盆地英雄岭构造带油气藏地质特征.现代地质, 2020, 34(2):378-389. WU K Y, LIAO C, LI X, et al. Geological characteristics of Hydrocarbon pool in Yingxiongling structural zone, Qaidam Basin. Geoscience, 2020, 34(2):378-389.
[13] 马新民, 吴武军, 石亚军, 等. 柴达木盆地英雄岭构造带油气成藏模式. 中国矿业大学学报, 2021, 50(2):289-303. MA X M, WU W J, SHI Y Y, et al. Hydrocarbon accumulation mode of Yingxiongling structural belt in Qaidam Basin. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2021, 50(2):289-303.
[14] 黄成刚, 常海燕, 崔俊, 等. 柴达木盆地西部地区渐新世沉积特征与油气成藏模式.石油学报, 2017, 38(11):1230-1243. HUANG C G, CHANG H Y, CUI J, et al. Oligocene sedimentary characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation model in the western Qaidam Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(11):1230-1243.
[15] 李朋威, 罗平, 宋金民, 等. 微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与主控因素:以塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统-下寒武统为例. 石油学报, 2015, 36(9):1074-1089. LI P W, LUO P, SONG J M, et al. Characteristics and main controlling factors of microbial carbonate reservoirs:A case study of Upper Sinian-Lower Cambrian in the northwestern margin of Tarim Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(9):1074-1089.
[16] 李朋威, 罗平, 陈敏, 等. 塔里木盆地西北缘上震旦统微生物碳酸盐岩储层特征与成因. 石油与天然气地质, 2015, 36(3):416-428. LI P W, LUO P, CHEN M, et al. Characteristics and origin of the Upper Sinian microbial carbonate reservoirs at the northwestern margin of Tarim Basin. Oil & Gas Geology, 2015, 36(3):416-428.
[17] 王建功, 张永庶, 李翔, 等. 柴达木盆地西部渐新统纹理石沉积特征与原位成藏. 石油学报, 2020, 41(8):940-959. WANG J G, ZHANG Y S, LI X, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and in-situ accumulation of the Oligocene laminites in the western Q aidam Basin. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2020, 41(8):940-959.
[18] 李翔, 王建功, 张平, 等. 柴达木盆地英西地区E32裂缝成因与油气地质意义. 岩性油气藏, 2018, 30(6):45-54. LI X, WANG J G, ZHANG P, et al. Fracture genesis mechanism and geological significance of E32 in Yingxi area, Qaidam Basin. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(6):45-54.
[19] WANG J G, ZHANG D W, YANG S Y, et al. Sedimentary characteristics and genesis of the salt lake with the upper member of the Lower Ganchaigou Formation from Yingxi Sag,Qaidam Basin. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2020, 111:135-155.
[20] JAHNERT R J, COLLINS L B. Characteristics, distribution and morphogenesis of subtidal microbial systems in Shark Bay, Australia. Marine Geology, 2012, 303/306:115-136.
[21] KRUMBEIN W E. Calcification by bacteria and algae//TRUDINGER P A, SWAINE D J. Biogeochemical cycling of mineralforming elements. Amsterdam:Elsevier, 1979:47-68.
[22] FOLK R L, CHAFETZ H S. Bacterially induced microscale and nanoscale carbonate precipitates//RIDING R E, AWRAMIK S M. Microbial sediments. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 2000.
[23] PERYT T M. Coated grains. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 1983.
[24] FLÜGEL E. Microfacies of carbonate rocks:Analysis, interpretation and application. Berlin Heidelberg:Springer-Verlag, 2004:1-976.
[25] LEINFELDER R. Formation and significance of black pebbles from the ota limestone(Upper Jurassic,Portugal). Facies, 1987, 17(1):159-170.
[26] YU X, LIU C, WANG C, et al. Eolian deposits of the northern margin of the South China(Jianghan Basin):Reconstruction of the Late Cretaceous East Asian landscape in central China. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2020, 117:104390.
[27] 李飞, 武思琴, 刘柯. 鲕粒原生矿物识别及对海水化学成分变化的指示意义. 沉积学报, 2015, 33(3):500-511. LI F, WU S Q, LIU K. Identification of ooid primary mineralogy:A clue for understanding the variation in paleo-oceanic chemistry. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2015, 33(3):500-511.
[28] 王建功, 杨少勇, 李翔, 等. 柴达木盆地西部地区咸化湖泊微生物岩特征与差异分布. 中国矿业大学学报, 2020, 49(6):1233-1249. WANG J G, YANG S Y, LI X, et al. The characteristics and differential distribution of microbial carbonates of saline lacustrine in the western Qaidam Basin. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2020, 49(6):1233-1249.
[29] 王建功, 张道伟, 白亚东, 等.柴西地区上油砂山组咸化湖沼沉积与微生物岩.地质学报, 2020, 94(11):3228-3248. WANG J G, ZHANG D W, BAI Y D, et al. Saline lacustrine palustrine sediments and microbial in the upper Youshashan Formation in the western Qaidam Basin. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2020, 94(11):3228-3248.
[1] SUN Hui, FAN Guozhang, WANG Hongping, DING Liangbo, ZUO Guoping, MA Hongxia, PANG Xu, XU Xiaoyong. Deep-water sedimentary characteristics and sequence boundary identification of Middle Eocene in Rovuma Basin,East Africa [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(6): 106-116.
[2] MAN Xiao, HU Desheng, WU Jie, GONG Liyuan, LIU Zhixuan, JIANG Yingde, ZHAO Ye. Development characteristics and accumulation model of sublacustrine fans of the first member of Eocene Liushagang Formation in Weixinan Sag，Beibuwan Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(4): 137-144.
[3] WANG Jiangong, LI Jiangtao, LI Xiang, GAO Yanfang, ZHANG Ping, SUN Xiujian, BAI Yadong, ZUO Mingtao. Differences and controlling factors of lithofacies assemblages of Cenozoic lacustrine microbial carbonate rocks in western Qaidam Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(3): 1-17.
[4] ZHANG Zhenhua, ZHANG Xiaojun, ZHONG Dakang, GOU Yingchun, ZHANG Shiming. Reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of upper member of Paleogene Xiaganchaigou Formation in Nanyishan area， northwestern Qaidam Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(3): 29-39.
[5] LUO Zhenfeng, SU Zhongtang, LIAO Huihong, HUANG Wenming, MA Hui, SHE Wei. Characteristics and geological significance of stromatolite dolomite of Ma 55 submember of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in Mizhi area, central-eastern Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2022, 34(2): 86-94.
[6] NI Xianglong, WANG Jiangong, GUO Jiajia, DU Binshan, YI Dinghong, LONG Guohui, LI Zhiming, HUI Yuanyuan. Reservoir-controlling effect of basement faults and favorable exploration zones in southwestern Qaidam Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2019, 31(4): 32-41.
[7] CHEN Guowen, SHEN Ya, YUAN Yunchao, HAN Bing, LI Yanming, YANG Tai. Key techniques for seismic evaluation of lithologic reservoirs in southwestern Qaidam Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(5): 74-81.
[8] WAN Chuanzhi, WANG Peng, XUE Jianqin, SU Xueying, ZHOU Gang, GOU Yingchun. Exploration potential of tight oil of the Paleogene and Neogene in western Qaidam Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015, 27(3): 26-31.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] PANG Xiongqi,CHEN Dongxia, ZHANG Jun. Concept and categorize of subtle reservoir and problems in its application[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 1 -8 .
[2] LEI Bianjun, ZHANG Ji,WANG Caili,WANG Xiaorong, LI Shilin, LIU Bin. Control of high r esolution sequence str atigr aphy on microfacies and reservoir s: A case from the upper Ma 5 member in Tong 5 wellblock, Jingbian Gas Field[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 1 -7 .
[3] YANG Jie，WEI Pingsheng， LI Xiangbo. Basic concept, content and research method of petroleum seismogeology[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2010, 22(1): 1 -6 .
[4] WANG Yan-qi1，HU Min-yi1，LIU Fu-yan1，WANG Hui1，HU Zhi-hua1,2. [J]. LITHOLOGIC RESERVOIRS, 2008, 20(3): 44 -48 .
[5] DAI Liming, LI Jianping, ZHOU Xinhuai, CUI Zhongguo, CHENG Jianchun. Depositional system of the Neogene shallow water delta in Bohai Sea area[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(4): 75 -81 .
[6] DUAN Youxiang, CAO Jing, SUN Qifeng. Application of auto-adaptive dip-steering technique to fault recognition[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2017, 29(4): 101 -107 .
[7] HUANG Long, TIAN Jingchun, XIAO Ling, WANG Feng. Characteristics and evaluation of Chang 6 sandstone reservoir of Upper Triassic in Fuxian area, Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 83 -88 .
[8] YANG Shiwei, LI Jianming. Characteristics and geological significance of seismites[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 89 -94 .
[9] LI Chuanliang, TU Xingwan. Two types of stress sensitivity mechanisms for reservoir rocks:Being favorable for oil recovery[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 111 -113 .
[10] LI Jun, HUANG Zhilong, LI Jia, LIU Bo. The pool-forming pattern in the condition of arching in the southeast uplift in Songliao Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 57 -61 .
TRENDMD:

Copyright © 2018 Lithologic Reservoirs

Support by Beijing Magtech support@magtech.com.cn