Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (3): 1-17.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230301

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Differences and controlling factors of lithofacies assemblages of Cenozoic lacustrine microbial carbonate rocks in western Qaidam Basin

WANG Jiangong1,2, LI Jiangtao3, LI Xiang1, GAO Yanfang1, ZHANG Ping1, SUN Xiujian1, BAI Yadong1, ZUO Mingtao1   

  1. 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description, CNPC, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    3. PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China
  • Received:2022-08-14 Revised:2022-09-26 Online:2023-05-01 Published:2023-04-25

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Abstract: Based on a large number of outcrops and core thin sections and analytical data，the petrological characteristics，microstructure，lithofacies assemblage，sedimentary environment and its controlling factors of Cenozoic saline lacustrine microbial carbonate rocks in western Qaidam Basin were studied. The results show that：（1）The lithofacies assemblage of microbial carbonate rocks in western Qaidam Basin can be divided into fan-controlled type and lake-controlled type due to the comprehensive influence of paleogeomorphology，sedimentary environment and terrigenous clastic supply. The fan-controlled lithofacies assemblage is mainly developed in the coastal environment at the edge of the lake，with large thickness and wide distribution，while the lake-controlled lithofacies assemblage is mainly developed in the basin margin slope area，fault terrace zone and shallow lakes in the basin， with small thickness and small distribution. The upper member of Paleogene Xiaganchaigou Formation is dominated by fan-controlled lithofacies assemblage，with relatively limited lake-controlled lithofacies assem-blage. Two types of lithofacies assemblages are developed in Neogene Xiayoushashan Formation.（2）The types and structural characteristics of microbial carbonate rocks in different lithofacies assemblages in the study area are quite different. Fan-controlled microbial carbonate rocks were formed in the lake transgression period. They were mainly deposited in a positive cycle，mainly consisting of thrombolites，and often stacked on thick massive glutenite. The microstructure is mainly composed of agglomerates（clots），spherules and aggregates，and the mineral composition is mainly sparry calcite. Lake-controlled microbial carbonate rocks can be developed during lake transgression and lake regression. Both positive and reverse cycle sediments are developed，and thrombolites，stromatolites and their symbiotic layers are developed，with relatively small scale，and most of them are inter-bedded with argillaceous carbonate rocks. The microstructure is more complex，and agglomerates（clots），pellets，aggregates and laminated structures are developed. The mineral composition is mainly calcite and dolomite，rich in terrigenous detritus and clay minerals，with obvious mixed sedimentation characteristics.（3）The formation of fan-controlled microbial carbonate rocks in the study area is mainly controlled by organic mineralization and chemical precipitation， while the formation of lake-controlled microbial carbonate rocks is affected by organic mineralization，chemical precipitation and physical sedimentation.

Key words: fan-controlled type, lake-controlled type, mixed sedimentation, microbial carbonates, mineralization, lithofacies assemblage, saline lake, Cenozoic, western Qaidam Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2
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