Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 38-53.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260304

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Hydrocarbon accumulation conditions and exploration implication of Archean metamorphic buried hill reservoirs in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

HUO Aimin()   

  1. Binnan Oil Production Plant, Sinopec Shengli Oilfield Branch, Binzhou 256600, Shandong, China
  • Received:2025-12-24 Revised:2026-01-21 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-04-24

Abstract:

By comprehensively utilizing technologies such as core observation, physical property testing, conventional logging, and imaging logging, reservoir formation conditions and hydrocarbon accumulation models of the buried hill in Binxian uplift of Dongying Sag in Bohai Bay Basin were systematically analyzed. Research results show that: (1) Archean reservoir types of Binxian uplift in Dongying Sag are fractured reservoirs and weathered crust reservoirs,with the weathered crust exhibiting a double-layer structure of dissolution layer and disintegration layer. Dissolution layers are mostly distributed in the lower part of the slope, making them optimal reservoirs. (2) The buried hill oil source of the study area comes from the third member of Shahejie Formation(Es3) and the fourth member of Shahejie Formation (Es4) source rocks in Lijin sub-depression, which has undergone two stages of hydrocarbon generation. The reservoir is dominated by weathered crust dissolution layers, with high-conductivity fractures and dissolution fractures as main reservoir spaces. Caprocks are thick dark mudstones of Es3 and Es4,with good sealing capacity. Migration pathways include two types: vertical migration along faults and lateral migration along unconformity surfaces. (3) The source-reservoir configuration relationship of buried hills in the study area has significant impacts on the reservoir formation. Paleogeomorphology and fracture density have controlling effects on reservoir quality. Faults and fractures are main migration channels for oil and gas. There are two types of oil and gas reservoirs,including “new source and old reservoir-lateral pinch out” type and “new source and old reservoir-buried hill top” type. The former is distributed in the central slope zone, where hydrocarbons migrate laterally from source rocks into buried hill reservoirs in contact with mudstones. The latter is distributed near large faults in the eastern slope zone, where oil and gas migrate vertically along faults to the top of the buried hill. (4) Compared with Shulu buried hill in Jizhong Depression, the study area exhibit an obvious double-layer structure of weathered crust, with lateral pinch out accumulation model as the dominant model and hydrocarbon properties being unitary. Five favorable zones are identified, among which Zone Ⅱ and Zone Ⅲ located in the central slope zone of the buried hill have optimal reservoir formation conditions and represent the most favorable exploration targets.

Key words: metamorphic buried hill, fractured reservoir, weathered crust reservoirs, source-reservoir configuration, new source and old reservoir, Archean, Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag, Bohai Bay Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122

Fig. 1

Tectonic location of Binxian uplift in Dongying Sag (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of well Shan 124(b), Bohai Bay Basin"

Fig. 2

Burial-thermal history of Lijin sub-depression, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 3

Core photos of Archean buried hill gneiss in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 4

Fracture development characteristics of Archean buried hill gneiss core in well Shangu 6 (2 031~2 032 m) of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 5

Logging response characteristics of Archean buried hill gneiss reservoir in well Shangu 6 of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 6

Fracture features on imaging logging of Archean buried hill gneiss reservoir in well Shangu 6 of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Table 1

Statistics of relationship between fracture density and permeability of Archean buried hill of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

井名 深度/m 裂缝密度/(条·m-1) 基质
渗透率/mD
裂缝
渗透率/
mD
渗透率
提高倍数/倍
单古6 1 983~2 074 8~12 1.0~5.0 20.0~50.0 4~10
单193 2 177~2 286 6~10 2.0~5.0 10.0~30.0 3~6
单古603 2 048~2 191 4~6 1.0~3.0 5.0~15.0 3~5
单古601 1 392~1 393 3~5 2.0~4.0 8.0~12.0 3~4
单古2 2 353~2 500 < 3 0.5~2.0 2.0~5.0 2~3

Fig. 7

Schematic diagram of double-layer structure of weathered crust in Archean buried hill of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 8

Vertical structure division of Archean buried hill weathered crust reservoirs in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 9

Well-tie profiles of Archean buried hill weathered crust reservoirs in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 10

Distribution of Archean buried hill weathered crust reservoirs in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 11

Development models of weathered crust reservoirs in the southeast slope of Archean buried hill in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 12

Distribution of mudstone caprock in Archean buried hill of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Table 2

Statistics of oil testing success rate of different caprock thickness zones in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

盖层厚度/m 试油井数/口 成功井数/口 成功率/% 代表井
> 50 4 4 100 单古6
40~50 2 2 100 单193
30~40 3 2 67 单古603
< 30 2 0 0 单102

Fig. 13

Reservoir profiles of well Shangu 2-well Shangu 603-well Shangu 6-well Li 31 in the southeast slope of Archean buried hill of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Table 3

Oil testing statistics for oil producing wells in the slope zone of Archean buried hill in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

井名 井段/m 射孔
厚度/m
日产油/
t
含水率/
%
试油
结论
单古2 2 511.80~2 573.00 51.8 油花 100.0 含油水层
2 353.00~2 500.00 63.0 1.13 0 低产油层
单古603 1 931.81~2 037.00 105.2 干层
2 167.57~2 248.00 80.4 干层
2 048.00~2 191.00 6.0 2.77 41.9 油水同层
单古6 1 974.08~2 074.00 99.9 0.80 低产油层
2 539.18~2 636.00 96.8 水层
2 519.37~2 545.41 26.0 干层
1 974.08~2 071.71 97.6 7.74 37.4 油水同层
利31 2 246.00~2 253.00 7.0 6.40
利古6 2 886.79~2 922.00 35.2 2.23 0 低产油层
2 893.79~3 190.20 296.4 油花 含油水层
2 893.79~3 051.11 157.3 油花 含油水层
2 893.79~2 987.24 30.0 2.21 低产油层
2 871.00~2 987.24 44.0 5.80 油层
单193 2 177.00~2 286.00 12.00 55.0 油水同层

Fig. 14

Reservoir type of “new source and old reservoir-lateral pinch out” of the southeast slope of Archean buried hill in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Fig. 15

Reservoir type of “new source and old reservoir-buried hill top” of the southeast slope of Archean buried hill in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

Table 4

Comparison of hydrocarbon accumulation characteristics between Archean buried hill in Binxian uplift of Dongying Sag and Shulu buried hill belt in Jizhong Depression"

对比要素 束鹿潜山带 滨县凸起
成藏类型 “近源、断层输导、断背斜”
型油气藏
“远源、不整合输导、断块”
型油气藏
“侧向尖灭”型油气藏
“潜山顶部”型油气藏
储层岩性 奥陶系碳酸盐岩
(泥晶白云岩、灰质白云岩)
太古界片麻岩(斜长
片麻岩、钾长片麻岩)
储层特征 岩溶孔-缝-洞极为发育
渗透率大于100.0 mD
风化壳双层结构
渗透率10.0~50.0 mD
储集空间 次生孔-洞-缝为主
裂缝网络连通性好
高导缝和溶蚀缝为主
溶蚀层 + 崩解层组合
主控因素 断层和裂缝网络输导
多期油气充注
古地貌和源-储配置
风化壳类型控制
油气性质 轻质油、重质油分异
密度0.757~1.062 g/cm³
正常油,性质单一
API度25~35
成藏期次 2期充注 1期充注
保存条件 洼中隆好,斜坡带差 相对稳定

Table 5

Evaluation parameters of favorable zones in Archean buried hill reservoirs of Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

区带
编号
高点
埋深/m
面积/km2 有效
厚度/m
单储系数/
(103 t·km-2·m-1
预测资源量/104 t
1 400 1.4 20 3 8.4
2 400 2.0 20 3 12.0
1 800 1.8 20 3 10.8
1 700 1.6 20 3 9.6
2 800 0.5 10 3 1.5

Fig. 16

Favorable exploration zones of Archean buried hill reservoirs in Binxian uplift, Dongying Sag"

[1] DAKE C L, BRIDGE J, MISSOURI R, et al. Buried and resurrected hills of central Ozarks[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1932, 16(7):629-652.
doi: 10.1306/3D932AA2-16B1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
[2] PAN C H. Petroleum in basement rocks[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 1982, 66(10):1597-1643.
doi: 10.1306/03B5A994-16D1-11D7-8645000102C1865D
[3] UZKEDA H, BULNES M, POBLET J, et al. Kinematic and mechanic evolution of the Andes buried front at the Boomerang Hills hydrocarbon province (Bolivia):Control exerted by the pre-Andean history[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2020, 116:104299.
doi: 10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2020.104299
[4] YANSIN Q, DING Yan, BAKLOUTI S, et al. An integrated fracture parameter prediction and characterization method in deeply-buried carbonate reservoirs based on deep neural network[J]. Journal of Petroleum Science and Engineering, 2022, 208:109346.
doi: 10.1016/j.petrol.2021.109346
[5] ZHAO Xianzheng, JIN Fengming, WANG Quan, et al. Buried-hill play, Jizhong subbasin, Bohai Bay Basin:A review and future prospectivity[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2015, 99(1):1-26.
doi: 10.1306/07171413176
[6] 邓运华. 渤海大中型潜山油气田形成机理与勘探实践[J]. 石油学报, 2015, 36(3):253-261.
doi: 10.7623/syxb201503001
DENG Yunhua. Formation mechanism and exploration practice of large-medium buried-hill oil fields in Bohai Sea[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2015, 36(3):253-261.
doi: 10.7623/syxb201503001
[7] 蒋有录, 叶涛, 张善文, 等. 渤海湾盆地潜山油气富集特征与主控因素[J]. 中国石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 39(3):20-29.
JIANG Youlu, YE Tao, ZHANG Shanwen, et al. Enrichment characteristics and main controlling factors of hydrocarbon in buried hill of Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Petroleum (Edition of Natural Science), 2015, 39(3):20-29.
[8] 刘念, 邱楠生, 秦明宽, 等. 冀中坳陷束鹿潜山带油气成藏主控因素与成藏模式[J]. 地质学报, 2023, 97(3):897-910.
LIU Nian, QIU Nansheng, QIN Mingkuan, et al. Main controlling factors and models of hydrocarbon accumulation in the Shulu buried-hill belt,Jizhong depression,Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2023, 97(3):897-910.
[9] 李波, 田美荣, 张帆, 等. 东营凹陷太古界基岩储层特征及分布规律研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2011, 23(1):52-56.
LI Bo, TIAN Meirong, ZHANG Fan, et al. Study on characte-ristics and distribution of Archaeozoic reservoir in Dongying Sag[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2011, 23(1):52-56.
[10] 李军, 刘丽峰, 赵玉合, 等. 古潜山油气藏研究综述[J]. 地球物理学进展, 2006, 21(3):879-887.
LI Jun, LIU Lifeng, ZHAO Yuhe, et al. A review of study on ancient buried hill reservoir[J]. Progress in Geophysics, 2006, 21(3):879-887.
[11] 崔海峰, 韩小锋, 黄元溢, 等. 银额盆地油气勘探历程与钻探启示[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2025, 37(5):22-33.
doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250503
CUI Haifeng, HAN Xiaofeng, HUANG Yuanyi, et al. Oil and gas exploration history and drilling enlightenment of Yin’e Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(5):22-33.
doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250503
[12] 郭海峰, 肖坤叶, 程晓东, 等. 乍得Bongor盆地花岗岩潜山裂缝型储层有效渗透率计算方法[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2023, 35(6):117-126.
doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230613
GUO Haifeng, XIAO Kunye, CHENG Xiaodong, et al. Determination of effective permeability of granitic buried-hill fractured reservoirs in Bongor Basin,Chad[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(6):117-126.
doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230613
[13] 孟涛. 济阳坳陷太古界潜山油气成藏及有利勘探区[J]. 特种油气藏, 2015, 22(1):66-69.
MENG Tao. Hydrocarbon accumulation and prospects in Archean buried hill of Jiyang Depression[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2015, 22(1):66-69.
[14] 陈社教, 吴燕冈, 胡加山. 高精度重力方法在高青地区探测古潜山构造中的应用[J]. 吉林地质, 2006, 25(4):32-38.
CHEN Shejiao, WU Yangang, HU Jiashan. Application of high-precision gravity survey in exploring ancient hidden mountain structure in Gaoqing area[J]. Jilin Geology, 2006, 25(4):32-38.
[15] 杨玲, 胡明. 东营凹陷太古界储层裂缝发育控制因素及油气勘探方向[J]. 特种油气藏, 2010, 17(2):35-38.
YANG Ling, HU Ming. Controlling factors of Archeozoic reservoir fractures development and hydrocarbon prospecting direction in Dongying depression[J]. Special Oil & Gas Reservoirs, 2010, 17(2):35-38.
[16] 王军, 董臣强, 罗霞, 等. 裂缝性潜山储层地震描述技术[J]. 石油物探, 2003, 42(2):179-185.
WANG Jun, DONG Chenqiang, LUO Xia, et al. Seismic description technology for fractured buried hill reservoir[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2003, 42(2):179-185.
[17] 张鹏飞, 刘惠民, 曹忠祥, 等. 太古宇潜山风化壳储层发育主控因素分析:以鲁西—济阳地区为例[J]. 吉林大学学报 (地球科学版), 2015, 45(5):1289-1298.
ZHANG Pengfei, LIU Huimin, CAO Zhongxiang, et al. Analysis on main controlling factors of Archaeozoic weathering crust reservoir:With Jiyang and Luxi area as an example[J]. Journal of Jilin University (Earth Science Edition), 2015, 45(5):1289-1298.
[18] 李秀芹, 侯欣欣, 刘中奇. 王庄油田片麻岩储集层测井识别及评价方法[J]. 石油天然气学报, 2012, 34(11):83-86.
LI Xiuqin, HOU Xinxin, LIU Zhongqi. Log recognition and evaluation method of gneissose reservoir in Wangzhuang Oilfield[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology, 2012, 34(11):83-86.
[19] 徐方慧, 王祝文, 刘菁华, 等. 基于EMD的声波测井信息提取与火成岩裂缝地层特征分析[J]. 石油物探, 2018, 57(6):936-943.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2018.06.016
XU Fanghui, WANG Zhuwen, LIU Jinghua, et al. Acoustic logging information extraction and fractural volcanic formation characteristics based on empirical mode decomposition[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2018, 57(6):936-943.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1000-1441.2018.06.016
[20] 郑华, 康凯, 刘卫林, 等. 渤海深层变质岩潜山油藏裂缝主控因素及预测[J]. 岩性油气藏. 2022, 34(3):29-38.
doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20220303
ZHENG Hua, KANG Kai, LIU Weilin, et al. Main controlling factors and prediction of fractures in deep metamorphic buried hill reservoirs in Bohai Sea[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2022, 34(3):29-38.
doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20220303
[21] 李欣, 闫伟鹏, 崔周旗, 等. 渤海湾盆地潜山油气藏勘探潜力与方向[J]. 石油实验地质, 2012, 34(2):140-144.
LI Xin, YAN Weipeng, CUI Zhouqi, et al. Prospecting potential and targets of buried-hill oil and gas reservoirs in Bohai Bay Basin[J]. Petroleum Geology & Experiment, 2012, 34(2):140-144.
[22] 陈啸宇, 章成广, 朱雷, 等. 致密砂岩储层地应力对电阻率测井的影响[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2016, 28(1):106-110.
CHEN Xiaoyu, ZHANG Chengguang, ZHU Lei, et al. Influence of ground stress on resistivity logging response in tight sandstone reservoir[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2016, 28(1):106-110.
doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-8926.2016.01.014
[23] 王永诗, 张鹏飞, 王学军, 等. 济阳坳陷古生界潜山油气成藏新认识与攻关方向[J]. 油气地质与采收率, 2024, 31(6):1-17.
WANG Yongshi, ZHANG Pengfei, WANG Xuejun, et al. New understanding and research directions of oil and gas accumulation in Paleozoic buried hills,Jiyang Depression[J]. Petroleum Geology and Recovery Efficiency, 2024, 31(6):1-17.
[24] 王雅倜. 浊积岩反演储层预测技术:以东营凹陷滨县凸起为例[J]. 工程地球物理学报, 2024, 21(1):103-112.
WANG Yati. Turbidite reservoir prediction based on inversion technique:A case study in Binxian uplift of Dongying Sag[J]. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2024, 21(1):103-112.
[25] 叶涛, 韦阿娟, 曾金昌, 等. 渤海湾盆地中生代构造差异演化与潜山油气差异富集[J]. 地质科学, 2019, 54(4):1135-1154.
YE Tao, WEI Ajuan, ZENG Jinchang, et al. Structure differential evolution in Mesozoic Era and its controlling to hydrocarbon enrichment of basement in Bohai Bay Basin,eastern of China[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology, 2019, 54(4):1135-1154.
[26] 徐守立, 尤丽, 毛雪莲, 等. 琼东南盆地松南低凸起周缘花岗岩潜山储层特征及控制因素[J]. 地球科学, 2019, 44(8):2717-2728.
XU Shouli, YOU Li, MAO Xuelian, et al. Reservoir characte-ristics and controlling factors of granite buried hill in Songnan low uplift,Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Earth Science, 2019, 44(8):2717-2728.
[1] JIANG Long, CHENG Ziyan, SUN Hongxia, LIU Zupeng, LI Zhongxin, TIAN Xuanhua, PENG Linxiong, ZHU Li. Characteristics and lower limit of movable pore throat of shale reservoir of the lower Es3 submember of Paleogene in Bonan subsag, Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(3): 54-66.
[2] ZHAO Ye, XU Peng, HU Hewei, WANG Hang, YANG Jiaojiao. Tectonic characteristics of Miaoxinan area at the margin of Bohai Bay Basin and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(2): 145-152.
[3] XIONG Yu, ZHANG Weicen, LI Yamei, GENG Wenshuang, WU Daoming, MU Dan, LIU Tong. Prediction method of water-to-gas gravity displacement efficiency and interface stability of high-dip angle reservoirs:A case study of Paleogene Shahejie Formation reservoir in Liuzan area of Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(2): 178-193.
[4] LI Bin, MIN Zhongshun, MENG Lingna, ZHANG Yuanli, YIN Jianfeng, ZHOU Peijie. A method for assessing fault lateral sealing based on high-resolution geological modeling: A case study of Archean buried hill reservoir in Xinglongtai structural belt of Liaohe Depression [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(1): 126-135.
[5] SUN Yuanfeng, CAO Aifeng, ZHOU Yong, GAO Chenxi, WANG Ke. Sedimentary evolution characteristics and paleogeomorphology-controlled sand distribution patterns of the upper Es4 sub-member of Paleogene in Linnan Subsag, Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(6): 119-130.
[6] CHENG Yan, ZHANG Tongyao, HAO Peng, YANG Jianghao, LIU Xuerui, ZHANG Weisen, HE Junhui, WANG Bo. Hydrocarbon migration and accumulation characteristics of lithologic reservoirs in lower Minghuazhen Formation of Neogene in Qinhuangdao M-3 area, Shijiutuo uplift, Bohai Sea [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(6): 162-171.
[7] ZHAO Baoyin, YANG Xiaoli, XU Yingxin, MENG Lingjian, CUI Zixuan, WANG Fanglu, LIU Jianlun, YU Fusheng. Characteristics and reservoir control of Cenozoic tectonic evolution of Nanpu Sag,Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(5): 59-69.
[8] YIN Yanshu, LI Jianqin, WU Wei, WANG Lixin, TAN Xianfeng. Sedimentary characteristics and reservoir architecture of anastomosing river in Miocene Guantao Formation,Lindong area,Dongying Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(4): 1-16.
[9] CHEN Jiaxu, CHEN Changwei, LIU Guoquan, ZOU Leiluo, DONG Xiaowei, LIU Chuan, YANG Fei, ZHONG Wei. Crude oil filling characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation model of the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in the deep subsag zone of Cangdong Sag,Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(4): 136-146.
[10] CHEN Huaiyi, LI Long, BAI Bing, YUE Junpei, KANG Rong, ZHANG Xingqiang. Characteristics and reservoir control of the strike-slip salt arch belt of Shahejie fourth Member Formation of Paleogene system in Laizhou Bay Depression,Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(3): 120-128.
[11] LIAO Xinwu, YANG Qinghong, LI Chao, GUO Cheng, ZHAO Dalin. Sedimentary characteristics of shallow water delta in the Neogene lower member of Minghuazhen Formation, Kenli 6-1 Oilfield in Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(2): 1-11.
[12] XUE Hui, YE Dashuai, GUO Yuemiao, CHEN Ketong, WU Jianping, XU Mengting, LI Yawen. Meandering river sedimentary characteristics and its control on reservoir of Paleogene Dong 3 Member in Qingyuan area, Baoding Sag, Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(2): 139-152.
[13] QU Xingyu. Sequence stratigraphy division and petroleum geological significance in the middle submember of the third member of Shahejie Formation in Liangdong area, Dongying Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(2): 166-177.
[14] HU Xinling, RONG Huanqing, YANG Wei, ZHANG Zaichang, QI Zhixian. Logging identification and application of lacustrine dolomite in the fourth member of the Shahejie Formation in the Bamianhe area of Dongying Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(1): 13-23.
[15] Guan Yunwen, Su Siyu, Pu Renhai, Wang Qichao, Yan Sujie, Zhang Zhongpei, Chen Shuo, Liang Dongge. Palaeozoic gas reservoir-forming conditions and main controlling factors in Xunyi area,southern Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 77-88.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
TRENDMD: