塔西南柯克亚构造带二叠系棋盘组储层特征及主控因素

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260403

岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 23–37.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260403

塔西南柯克亚构造带二叠系棋盘组储层特征及主控因素

黄巧¹, 罗顺社²^,³(), 张亮¹, 黄礼¹, 郭康³, 朱莉叶¹, 南军武³

¹ 中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院，新疆库尔勒 841000
² 非常规油气湖北省协同创新中心（长江大学），武汉 430100
³ 长江大学地球科学学院，武汉 430100

收稿日期:2026-01-17 修回日期:2026-02-24 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
第一作者:黄巧（1997—），女，硕士，工程师，主要从事地质勘探方面的研究工作。地址：(841000)新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州库尔勒市塔指东路塔里木油田研发中心。Email:huangqiao-tlm@petrochina.com.cn。
通信作者: 罗顺社
基金资助:
新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项课题“塔西南山前构造变形控藏作用与新领域评价”(2025ZD1400505);自治区重点研发计划项目“‘一带一路’核心区及周缘油气资源与战略选区研究”(2025A01009);“盆地超深层构造带圈闭落实技术及勘探开发”(2024B01015)

Characteristics and main controlling factors of Permian Qipan Formation reservoirs in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin

HUANG Qiao¹, LUO Shunshe²^,³(), ZHANG Liang¹, HUANG Li¹, GUO Kang³, ZHU Liye¹, NAN Junwu³

¹ Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China
² Cooperative Innovation Center of Unconventional Oil and Gas, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100， China
³ School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

Received:2026-01-17 Revised:2026-02-24 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
Contact: LUO Shunshe E-mail:lss8061069@163.com

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于野外露头和重点单井精描，结合岩石薄片分析、X射线衍射分析、物性分析、压汞实验分析，对塔西南柯克亚地区二叠系棋盘组碎屑岩储层特征进行了系统分析及分类评价，明确了储层发育的主控因素。研究结果表明：①柯克亚地区棋盘组自东南向西北方向发育辫状河三角洲平原、三角洲前缘和浅海混积陆棚沉积体系，根据三角洲平原分流河道、分流河道间，三角洲前缘水下分流河道、河口坝和分流河道间5类微相，分为5类沉积储层。②研究区5类沉积储层的岩石学特征、物性、储集空间及孔隙结构都存在明显差异。水下分流河道储层，岩性以岩屑长石砂岩为主，岩屑含量最低，砂岩分选、磨圆程度最高，厚度大，物性与孔隙结构最好，为Ⅰ类优质储层；分流河道间、水下分流河道间储层，以岩屑砂岩为主，岩屑含量较高，成分成熟度和结构成熟度最差，厚度小，储层物性和孔隙结构亦最差，为Ⅲ类差储层；分流河道和河口坝储层厚度、物性及孔隙结构均介于Ⅰ类和Ⅲ类储层之间，为Ⅱ类储层。③研究区储层的发育及展布受沉积、成岩作用的双重控制，沉积水动力条件决定储层发育的物质基础与宏观展布特征，成岩作用调控孔隙演化；高能稳定的水动力条件下发育水下分流河道优势储层，主要分布于研究区西北部。

关键词: 沉积微相, 碎屑岩储层, 辫状河三角洲前缘, 水下分流河道砂体, 成岩作用, 棋盘组, 二叠系, 柯克亚地区, 塔西南

Abstract:

Based on field outcrops and detailed characterization of key single wells, combined with thin section petrography, X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis, physical property analysis, and mercury intrusion porosimetry, the characteristics of Permian Qipan Formation clastic reservoirs of Kekeya area in southwestern Tarim Basin were systematically analyzed, classified and evaluated, and the main controlling factors governing reservoir development were clarified. The results show that: （1） Qipan Formation of Kekeya area develops a depositional system of braided-river delta plain, delta front, and shallow-marine mixed shelf from southeast to northwest. Five microfacies are recognized, including delta-plain distributary channels and interdistributary bays, as well as delta-front subaqueous distributary channels, mouth bars, and subaqueous interdistributary bays, which correspond to five types of sedimentary reservoirs. （2） The five types of sedimentary reservoirs of the study area exhibit significant differences in petrological characteristics, physical properties, reservoir space, and pore structure. The subaqueous distributary channel reservoir is predominantly composed of lithic feldspathic sandstone, with the lowest lithic fragment content, the highest degree of sorting and rounding, large thickness, and the best physical properties and pore structure, classified as type Ⅰ high-quality reservoir. The interdistributary bay and subaqueous interdistributary bay reservoirs are mainly composed of lithic sandstones, with higher lithic fragment content, the poorest compositional and textural maturity, small thickness, and the worst physical properties and pore structure, clasified as type Ⅲ poor reservoirs. The distributary channel and mouth bar reservoirs display intermediate thickness, physical properties, and pore structure,which are between type Ⅰ and Ⅲ, and clasified as type Ⅱ reservoir. （3） The development and distribution of reservoirs in the study area are jointly controlled by sedimentation and diagenesis. Depositional hydrodynamic conditions determine the material basis and macro-distribution patterns of reservoir development, while diagenesis modulates pore evolution. The favorable reservoirs of subaqueous distributary channel developed under high-energy and stable hydrodynamic conditions, are primarily distributed in the northwestern part of the study area.

Key words: sedimentary microfacies, clastic reservoir, braided river delta front, subaqueous distributary channel sand body, diagenesis, Qipan Formation, Permian, Kekeya area, southwestern Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.24

黄巧, 罗顺社, 张亮, 黄礼, 郭康, 朱莉叶, 南军武. 塔西南柯克亚构造带二叠系棋盘组储层特征及主控因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2026, 38(4): 23–37.

HUANG Qiao, LUO Shunshe, ZHANG Liang, HUANG Li, GUO Kang, ZHU Liye, NAN Junwu. Characteristics and main controlling factors of Permian Qipan Formation reservoirs in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(4): 23–37.

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沉积微相	ϕ(矿物成分)/%			结构特征
沉积微相	石英	长石	岩屑	粒度	分选系数	磨圆度
水下分流河道	36.5~52.7/ 45.3(23)	26.8~38.9/ 30.2(23)	10.5~29.9/ 24.5(23)	以细砂为主，体积分数51.0%；其次为中砂，体积分数25.5%	0.31~0.64/ 0.40(20)	以次圆—次棱状为主，数量占比68.2%，其次为次圆状，数量占比31.8%
分流河道	32.4~52.2/ 42.2(27)	14.5~34.8/ 19.2(27)	25.5~37.4/ 38.6(27)	以中砂为主，体积分数51.0%；其次为细砂和粗砂，体积分数39.2%	0.32~0.70/ 0.52(31)	以次棱—次圆状为主，数量占比68.2%；其次为次圆—次棱状，数量占比37.2%
河口坝	38.2~51.5/ 43.7(22)	12.5~33.8/ 31.6(22)	22.5~36.3/ 24.7(22)	以粉砂为主，体积分数52.6%；其次为细砂和极细砂，体积分数47.4%	0.23~0.63/ 0.44(26)	以次圆—次棱状为主，数量占比64.3%；其次为次棱—次圆状，数量占比32.2%
分流河道间	14.5~53.2/ 37.6(25)	4.9~22.8/ 12.8(25)	34.3~74.7/ 49.6(25)	以粉砂为主，体积分数85.7%；其次为极细砂，体积分数14.3%）	0.24~0.71/ 0.56(30)	以次棱—次圆状为主，数量占比72.5%；其次为次棱状，数量占比24.8%
水下分流河道间	19.8~64.2/ 40.1(27)	8.4~23.8/ 14.7(27)	27.7~62.1/ 45.2(27)	以粉砂为主，体积分数70.6%；其次为极细砂，体积分数29.4%	0.21~0.68/ 0.49(24)	以次棱—次圆状为主，数量占比69.3%；其次为次棱状，数量占比28.6%

砂岩类型	孔隙类型占比/%					微裂缝占比/%	面孔率/%
砂岩类型	原生粒间孔	粒间溶孔	粒内溶孔	铸模孔	微孔隙+晶间孔	微裂缝占比/%	面孔率/%
水下分流河道砂岩	14.40	70.50	5.03	7.86	0.13	2.08	2.30~10.20/ 5.10(31)
分流河道砂岩	17.47	73.80	4.37	3.60	—	0.76	0.30~6.30/ 3.10(30)
河口坝砂岩	14.83	75.29	3.78	5.52	—	0.58	0.40~3.20/ 1.60(21)
水下分流河道间砂岩	10.60	67.55	17.88	1.32	—	2.65	0.10~1.90/ 0.50(30)
分流河道间砂岩	5.13	71.79	20.51	0.86	—	1.71	0.10~1.70/ 0.30(32)

沉积储层	岩石类型	平均排驱压力/MPa	平均中值压力 /MPa	平均孔喉半径 /μm	平均最大进汞饱和度/%	样品数量/个
水下分流河道储层	岩屑长石砂岩	0.242	2.628	0.771	87.954	4
分流河道储层	长石岩屑砂岩	1.540	12.211	0.146	75.052	4
河口坝储层	岩屑长石砂岩	4.535	33.098	0.058	71.293	3
水下分流河道间储层	岩屑砂岩	7.080	115.466	0.057	60.026	3
分流河道间储层	岩屑砂岩	9.712	103.070	0.020	66.696	3

储层类型	沉积微相	厚度/ m	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	面孔率/%	排驱压力/MPa	孔喉半径/μm
Ⅰ类	水下分流河道	8.96	10.23	8.35	5.13	0.240	0.770
Ⅱ类	分流河道	4.74	9.00	1.51	3.05	1.540	0.150
Ⅱ类	河口坝	2.36	6.67	0.89	3.20	4.540	0.060
Ⅲ类	水下分流河道间	1.18	4.41	0.11	0.50	7.080	0.060
Ⅲ类	分流河道间	0.95	3.35	0.09	0.37	9.710	0.020

孔隙度演化参数	计算公式	符号注解
分选系数	S₀=（D₂₅/D₇₅）^½	D₂₅、D₇₅分别为粒度累计频率曲线上25%处、75%处的粒径大小，mm
原始孔隙度	Φ₁= 20.91 +（22.90/S₀）
压实后剩余孔隙度	Φ₂= P_M（P₁+ P₂）/P_T+ C	P_M为样品实测孔隙度，%；P₁、P₂、P_T分别为剩余粒间孔面孔率、胶结物溶蚀面孔率、总面孔率，%；C为胶结物质量分数，%
压实作用损失孔隙度	Φ₃= Φ₁-Φ₂
压实作用孔隙度损失率	F₁= Φ₃/Φ₁×100%
压实-胶结后剩余孔隙度	Φ₄= P_MP₁/P_T
胶结作用损失孔隙度	Φ₅= Φ₂-Φ₄
胶结作用孔隙度损失率	F₂= Φ₅/Φ₁×100%
溶蚀作用增加孔隙度	Φ₆= P_MP₃/P_T	P₃为溶蚀孔面孔率，%

塔西南柯克亚构造带二叠系棋盘组储层特征及主控因素

Characteristics and main controlling factors of Permian Qipan Formation reservoirs in Kekeya structural belt, southwestern Tarim Basin

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沉积储层	原始孔隙度/%	压实后孔隙度/%	压实减孔率/%	视压实率/%	胶结后孔隙度/%	胶结减孔率/%	视胶结率/%	溶蚀增孔率/%
水下分流河道储层	32.12~39.14 （35.05）	10.68~18.09 （14.14）	15.87~23.09（20.91）	46.73~67.19 （59.68）	1.14~15.86 （8.92）	2.05~9.55 （5.21）	5.24~29.32 （15.1）	1.08~2.30 （1.76）
分流河道储层	37.43~68.69 （58.16）	7.49~25.76 （18.79）	28.73~47.90 （40.21）	61.99~80.43 （68.73）	1.02~13.01 （7.66）	6.47~14.28 （11.13）	16.89~22.09 （18.81）	0.61~1.78 （1.13）
河口坝储层	16.12~31.78 （26.57）	4.13~14.67 （9.05）	11.99~20.12 （17.52）	53.19~74.35 （66.55）	0.20~9.86 （4.56）	3.22~5.39 （4.49）	14.09~24.39 （17.15）	1.12~1.67 （1.47）
水下分流河道间储层	15.23~25.63 （20.18）	3.39~7.55 （5.37）	11.44~18.08 （14.81）	69.56~82.36 （73.54）	0.10~2.01 （1.00）	3.29~6.30 （4.37）	17.11~24.58 （21.51）	0.69~0.91 （0.79）
分流河道间储层	15.32~27.41 （22.57）	3.00~7.49 （5.49）	12.32~20.08 （17.08）	72.63~80.41 （75.98）	0.03~0.99 （0.39）	2.79~6.60 （5.10）	18.23~26.74 （22.41）	0.21~0.45 （0.35）

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