岩性油气藏 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 23–32.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20240203

• 新能源与伴生资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

中国油田地热开发利用现状与发展方向

社教1, 施亦做2, 方朝合1, 曹倩2, 任路3   

  1. 1. 中石油深圳新能源研究院有限公司, 广东 深圳 518052;
    2. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083;
    3. 中国石油冀东油田勘探开发研究院, 河北 唐山 063004
  • 收稿日期:2023-08-25 修回日期:2023-09-15 出版日期:2024-03-01 发布日期:2024-03-06
  • 作者简介:王社教（1965—），男，博士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事地热、新能源、非常规油气和战略规划等方面的研究工作。地址： （518052）深圳市南山区南山街道南山大道1110号中国石油大厦。Email：wsj@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油“十四五”重大科技攻关项目“地热资源高效勘探开发与综合利用关键核心技术开发及示范应用”（编号：2021DJ5501）资助。

Status and development trends of geothermal development and utilization in oilfields of China

WANG Shejiao1, SHI Yizuo2, FANG Chaohe1, CAO Qian2, REN Lu3   

  1. 1. PetroChina Shenzhen New Energy Research Institute Co., Ltd., Shenzhen 518052, Guangdong, China;
    2. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    3. Research Institute of Exploration and Developmen, PetroChina Jidong Oilfield Company, Tangshan 063004, Hebei, China
  • Received:2023-08-25 Revised:2023-09-15 Online:2024-03-01 Published:2024-03-06

PDF (PC)

136

摘要： 基于中国地热发展现状、地热资源赋存和分布特点、不同地热开发方式对比，分析了油田地热资源开发利用潜力，并探讨了中国地热产业，尤其是油田地热未来的发展方向。研究结果表明：①中国的地热资源较为丰富，以中低温地热资源为主。浅层地热资源分布全国；中低温地热资源分布于沉积盆地、东南沿海和隆起山区，在不同深度形成了大面积分布的含地热水的热储层，为水热型地热资源；高温地热资源集中分布在西藏南部、四川西部、云南西部和台湾地区。中国浅层地热能资源（浅于200m）年可开采量折合7×108t标准煤。②由于浅层地热能开发利用的环境与效率问题、深井直接换热的效率问题，以及干热岩开发利用的技术瓶颈问题，中深层水热型地热资源将是当今中国地热资源开发利用最主要和最现实的领域。③油田地热开发中形成了地热资源勘查与评价、砂岩地层回灌、废弃井改造为地热井、高温钻完井等一批关键技术，均在大型地热开发项目中得到成功应用。油田拥有丰富的采出水资源，可以直接利用，大量的废弃井或低效油井可以通过工艺改造为地热井进行地热资源开发，从而降低地热开发成本，提高地热项目的经济性。④油田地热除用于油田生产用能替代和清洁供暖外，中低温地热发电、氦气等伴生资源的开发、废弃油气藏储热和CO2封存等领域的发展潜力巨大，地热综合开发利用是油田地热未来发展的主要方向。

关键词: 油田地热, 水热型地热资源, 地热供暖, 地热发电, 废弃油气藏储热, CO2封存

Abstract: Based on the current situation of geothermal development in China，the characteristics of geothermal resource occurrence and distribution，and the comparison of different geothermal development methods，the potential for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in oilfields was analyzed，and the develop‐ment trends of China’s geothermal industry，especially oilfield geothermal，were discussed. The results show that：（1）China has abundant geothermal resources，mainly consisting of medium to low temperature geothermal resources. Shallow geothermal resources are distributed nationwide. Medium to low temperature geothermal resources are distributed in sedimentary basins，southeastern coastal areas，and uplift mountainous areas，forming a large area of thermal reservoirs containing geothermal water at different depths，which are hydrothermal geothermal resources. High temperature geothermal resources are concentrated in southern Xizang，western Sichuan，western Yunnan and Taiwan. China’s shallow geothermal energy resources（shallower than 200 m） have an annual mining output of 7×108 tons of standard coal.（2）Due to the environmental and efficiency issues in the development and utilization of shallow geothermal energy，the efficiency issues of direct heat exchange in deep wells，and the technical bottlenecks in the development and utilization of dry hot rocks，medium to deep hydrothermal geothermal resources will be the most important and practical field for the development and utilization of geothermal resources in China today.（3）A series of key technologies have been developed in the geothermal development of oilfields，including geothermal resource exploration and evaluation，sandstone formation reinjection，renovation of abandoned wells into geothermal wells，and high-temperature drilling and completion， all of which have been successfully applied in large-scale geothermal development projects. Oilfields have abundant produced water resources that can be directly utilized，and a large number of abandoned or inefficient oil wells can be transformed into geothermal wells through technological transformation for geothermal resource development，thereby reducing geothermal development costs and improving the economic efficiency of geothermal projects.（4）In addition to being used for energy consumption replacement and clean heating in oilfields， oilfield geothermal energy has great potential for development in the fields of medium-low temperature geothermal power generation，the production of associated resources such as helium，heat storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs，and carbon dioxide sequestration. The comprehensive development and utilization of geothermal energy is the main direction for the future development of geothermal energy in oilfields.

Key words: oilfield geothermal energy, geothermal resource of hydrothermal type, geothermal heating, geothermal power generation, heat storage in depleted hydrocarbon reservoirs, carbon dioxide sequestration

中图分类号: 

  • TE09
[1] 郑克棪,韩振华. 科学开发中国地热资源:科学开发中国地热资源高层研讨会论文集[M]. 北京:地质出版社,2009:13-17. ZHENG Keyan,HAN Zhenhua. Scientific development of geothermal resources in China:Proceedings of the high level symposium on scientific development of geothermal resources in China[M]. Beijing:Geological Publishing House,2009:13-17.
[2] 汪集旸,孙占学. 神奇的地热[M]. 北京:清华大学出版社,广州:暨南大学出版社,2001:6-11. WANG Jiyang,SUN Zhanxue. Magic geothermal energy[M]. Beijing:Tsinghua university Press,Guangzhou:Jinan University Press,2001:6-11.
[3] 胡甲国,郭新锋. 我国地热能开发利用情况及发展趋势分析[J]. 太阳能,2018(5):16-19. HU Jiaguo,GUO Xinfeng. Analysis on China's geothermal energy development trends and utilization[J]. Solar Energy,2018(5):16-19.
[4] 李克文,王磊,毛小平,等. 油田伴生地热资源评价与高效开发[J]. 科技导报,2012,30(32):32-41. LI Kewen,WANG Lei,MAO Xiaoping,et al. Evaluation and efficient development of geothermal resource associated with oilfield[J]. Science & Technology Review,2012,30(32):32-41.
[5] 王社教,李峰,闫家泓,等. 油田地热资源评价方法及应用[J]. 石油学报,2020,41(5):553-564. WANG Shejiao,LI Feng,YAN Jiahong,et al. Evaluation methods and application of geothermal resources in oilfields[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica,2020,41(5):553-564.
[6] 王社教,康润林,冯学坤,等. 基于地热供暖项目经济评价的热泵调峰占比优化方法[J]. 天然气工业,2021,41(9):152-159. WANG Shejiao,KANG Runlin,FENG Xuekun,et al. A optimization method of heat pump peak-shaving based on economic evaluation of geothermal heating project[J]. Natural Gas Industry,2021,41(9):152-159.
[7] 汪集旸.地热学及其应用[M]. 北京:科学出版社,2015:257-267. WANG Jiyang. Geothermics and its applications[M]. Beijing:Science Press,2015:257-267.
[8] 邱楠生,胡圣标,何丽娟. 沉积盆地地热学[M].北京:中国石油大学出版社,2019:237-240. QIU Nansheng,HU Shengbiao,HE Lijuan. Geothermics in sedimentary basins[M]. Beijing:China University of Petroleum Press, 2019:237-240.
[9] 王贵玲,张薇,梁继运,等. 中国地热资源潜力评价[J]. 地球学报,2017,38(4):449-459. WANG Guiling,ZHANG Wei,LIANG Jiyun,et al. Evaluation of geothermal resources potential in China[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2017,38(4):449-459.
[10] 蔺文静,刘志明,马峰,等. 我国陆区干热岩资源潜力估算[J]. 地球学报,2012,33(5):807-811. LIN Wenjing,LIU Zhiming,MA Feng,et al. An estimation of HDR resources in China's mainland[J]. Acta Geoscientica Sinica,2012,33(5):807-811.
[11] 王社教,陈情来,闫家泓,等. 地热能产业与技术发展趋势及对石油公司的建议[J]. 石油科技论坛,2020,39(3):9-16. WANG Shejiao,CHEN Qinglai,YAN Jiahong,et al. Development trend for geothermal energy industry and technology and suggestions on petroleum companies[J]. Petroleum Science and Technology Forum,2020,39(3):9-16.
[12] 周博睿. 我国地热能开发利用现状与未来趋势[J]. 能源, 2022(2):77-80. ZHOU Borui. Current situation and future trend of development and utilization of geothermal energy in China[J]. Energy, 2022(2):77-80.
[13] 楼章华,朱蓉,金爱民,等. 沉积盆地地下水与油气成藏-保存关系[J]. 地质学报,2009,83(8):1188-1194. LOU Zhanghua,ZHU Rong,JIN Aimin,et al. Relationship between groundwater and hydrocarbon accumulation-preservation in sedimentary basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica,2009,83(8):1188-1194.
[14] 汪蕴璞,林锦璇,汪林.论含油气盆地含水系统和水文地质期的划分:以东海西湖凹陷为例[J]. 地球科学,1995,20(4):393-398. WANG Yunpu,LIN Jinxuan,WANG Lin. Division of waterbearing systems and hydrogeological periods of oil(gas)-bearing basin:With Xihu Depression in East China Sea as an example[J]. Earth Science,1995,20(4):393-398.
[15] BU Xianbiao,MA Weibin,LI Huashan. Geothermal energy production utilizing abandoned oil and gas wells[J]. Renewable Energy,2012,41:80-85.
[16] ALIMONTI C,SOLDO E. Study of geothermal power generation from a very deep oil well with a wellbore heat exchanger[J]. Renewable Energy,2016,86:292-301.
[17] 翟志伟,施尚明,朱焕来. 油田产出水型地热资源利用探讨:以大庆油田为例[J]. 自然资源学报,2011,26(3):382-388. ZHAI Zhiwei,SHI Shangming,ZHU Huanlai. Discussion on utilization of oilfield production water type geothermal resource:Take Daqing Oilfield as an example[J]. Journal of Natural Resources,2011,26(3):382-388.
[18] 王社教,闫家泓,黎民,等. 油田地热资源评价研究新进展[J]. 地质科学,2014,49(2):771-780. WANG Shejiao,YAN Jiahong,LI Min,et al. New advances in the study of oilfield geothermal resources evaluation[J]. Chinese Journal of Geology(Scientia Geologica Sinica),2014,49(2):771-780.
[19] 王社教,朱焕来,闫家泓,等. 大庆油田地热开发利用研究新进展[J]. 地热能,2014(2):3-11. WANG Shejiao,ZHU Huanlai,YAN Jiahong,et al. New progress of geothermal resources development and utilization in Daqing Oilfield[J]. Geothermal Energy,2014(2):3-11.
[20] 李健,武江元,杨震,等.地热发电技术及其关键影响因素综述[J]. 热力发电,2022,51(3):1-8. LI Jian,WU Jiangyuan,YANG Zhen,et al. Review of geothermal power generation technologies and key influencing factors[J]. Thermal Power Generation,2022,51(3):1-8.
[21] 张加蓉,高嵩,朱桥,等."双碳"目标背景下我国地热发电现状及技术[J]. 电气技术与经济,2021(6):40-44. ZHANG Jiarong,GAO Song,ZHU Qiao,et al. The current situation and technology of geothermal power generation in China under the background of the "dual carbon" goal[J]. Electrical Equipment and Economy,2021(6):40-44.
[22] 张福礼,孙启邦,王行运,等.渭河盆地水溶氦气资源评价[J]. 地质力学学报,2012,18(2):195-202. ZHANG Fuli,SUN Qibang,WANG Xingyun,et al. Evaluation of water soluble helium resources in Weihe Basin[J]. Journal of Geomechanics,2012,18(2):195-202.
[23] 张阳,蔡鑫磊,王行运,等. 渭河盆地地热水溶(氦)气资源前景展望[J]. 天然气技术与经济,2016,10(4):23-26. ZHANG Yang,CAI Xinlei,WANG Xingyun,et al. Resource prospects of geothermal water-soluble gas(helium),Weihe Basin[J]. Natural Gas Technology and Economy,2016,10(4):23-26.
[24] 李建森,李廷伟,彭喜明,等. 柴达木盆地西部第三系油田水水文地球化学特征[J]. 石油与天然气地质,2014,35(1):50-55. LI Jiansen,LI Tingwei,PENG Ximing,et al. Hydrogeochemical behaviors of oilfield water in the Tertiary in western Qaidam Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology,2014,35(1):50-55.
[25] 杨洪宇,张兵,方朝合,等. 四川盆地海相深层富钾锂层系沉积演化规律及储卤层响应特征[J]. 地学前缘,2021,28(6):95-104. YANG Hongyu,ZHANG Bing,FANG Chaohe,et al. Sedimentary evolution of deep marine potassium/lithum-rich brine reservoirs in the Sichuan Basin and a comprehensive response model for the brine storage layer[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2021,28(6):95-104.
[26] TSANG C F,BUSCHECK T,DOUGHTY C. Aquifer thermal energy storage:A numerical simulation of Auburn University field experiments[J]. Water Resources Research,1981,17(3):647-658.
[27] 薛禹群,谢春红,李勤奋. 含水层贮热能研究:上海贮能试验数值模拟[J]. 地质学报,1989,63(1):73-85. XUE Yuqun,XIE Chunhong,LI Qinfen. Aquifer thermal energy storage:A numerical simulation of Shanghai thermal storage expriments[J]. Acta Geologicia Sinica,1989,63(1):73-85.
[28] 王含,郑新,张金龙. 储能式地热能综合能源系统效益分析[J]. 建筑节能,2019,47(3):60-64. WANG Han,ZHENG Xin,ZHANG Jinlong. Benefit analysis of integrated energy systems using geothermal energy-stored in buildings[J]. Building Energy Efficiency,2019,47(3):60-64.
[29] 李扬,王赫阳,王永真,等. 碳中和背景、路径及源于自然的碳中和热能解决方案[J]. 华电技术,2021,43(11):5-14. LI Yang,WANG Heyang,WANG Yongzhen,et al. Background and routs of carbon neutrality and its nature-derived thermal solution[J]. Huadian Technology,2021,43(11):5-14.
[30] 汪集旸."地球充电/热宝":一种地热开发利用的新途径[J]. 科技导报,2018,36(24):1. WANG Jiyang. Earth charger:A new way of geothermal exploitation and utilization[J]. Science & Technology Review,2018, 36(24):1.
[31] 安琪. 储能技术在清洁取暖的应用及区域政策[J]. 电力设备管理,2020(11):22-25. AN Qi.Application of energy storage in clean heating andregional policies[J]. Electric Power Equipment Management,2020(11):22-25.
[32] 黄永辉,庞忠和,程远志,等. 深层含水层地下储热技术的发展现状与展望[J]. 地学前缘,2020,27(1):17-24. HUANG Yonghui,PANG Zhonghe,CHENG Yuanzhi,et al. The development and outlook of the deep aquifer thermal energy storage(deep-ATES)[J]. Earth Science Frontiers,2020,27(1):17-24.
[33] 张炜,许天福,吕鹏,等. 二氧化碳增强型地热系统的研究进展[J]. 地质科技情报,2013,32(3):177-182. ZHANG Wei,XU Tianfu,LYU Peng,et al. A review of carbon dioxide-based enhanced geothermal system[J]. Geological Science and Technology Information,2013,32(3):177-182.
[34] 刘松泽,魏建光,马媛媛,等. 超临界二氧化碳在地热开发中的应用研究进展[J]. 应用化工,2020,49(6):1537-1540. LIU Songze,WEI Jianguang,MA Yuanyuan,et al. Research progress on application of supercritical carbon dioxide in geothermal exploitation[J]. Applied Chemical Industry,2020,49(6):1537-1540.
[35] 董力. 超临界二氧化碳发电技术概述[J]. 中国环保产业, 2017(5):48-52. DONG Li. Summarization on power technology of supercritical carbon dioxide[J]. China Environmental Protection Industry,2017(5):48-52.
[36] 郭亚伟,杨国栋,冯涛,等. 利用CO2开发干热岩地热资源的分析[J]. 现代化工,2020,40(8):15-20. GUO Yawei,YANG Guodong,FENG Tao,et al. Analysis on development of HDR geothermal energy by using CO2 as a heat carrying medium[J]. Modern Chemical Industry,2020,40(8):15-20.
[1] 熊波, 朱冬雪, 方朝合, 王社教, 杜广林, 薛亚斐, 莫邵元, 辛福东. 基于BP算法的中深层同轴套管换热量预测[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2024, 36(2): 15-22.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!

陇ICP备17006252号
版权所有© 2018 中国石油集团西北地质研究所有限公司《岩性油气藏》编辑部

地址：甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号(陇ICP备17006252号)    电话：0931-8686158;8686058;8686288    邮箱：yxyqc@petrochina.com.cn

甘公网安备 62010202002827号

本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发