岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1–11.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250501

• 新能源与伴生资源 • 上一篇    

渭河盆地氦气资源研究进展与勘探开发关键技术

蔡鑫磊, 李谦益, 李正, 张阳, 张国强, 范明璞, 李萌瑶   

  1. 陕西燃气集团有限公司, 西安 710016
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-22 修回日期:2025-01-20 发布日期:2025-09-06
  • 第一作者:蔡鑫磊（1969—），男，博士，教授级高级会计师，主要从事氦气勘探地质研究及矿产经济学工作。地址:（710016）陕西省西安市西安经济技术开发区A1区开元路2号。Email:caixinleiwh@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 李谦益（1969—），男，教授级高级工程师，主要从事氦气勘探地质研究及项目管理工作。Email:liqy624@vip.sina.com。
  • 基金资助:
    深地国家科技重大专项“盆地边缘天然氦富集与探测”（编号：SQ2025AAA060128）与陕西省地质勘查基金项目“陕西省渭南市华州—华阴地区地热水及氦气普查”（编号：61202110374）联合资助。

Research progress and key techniques of exploration and development of helium resource in Weihe Basin

CAI Xinlei, LI Qianyi, LI Zheng, ZHANG Yang, ZHANG Guoqiang, FAN Mingpu, LI Mengyao   

  1. Shaanxi Gas Group Co., Ltd., Xi'an 710016, China
  • Received:2024-11-22 Revised:2025-01-20 Published:2025-09-06

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摘要： 渭河盆地氦气资源丰富，具有良好的勘探开发潜力。通过综述渭河盆地氦气资源相关研究进展，总结了氦气的勘探历程、氦源岩、氦气载体及地下水系统、成藏理论模型、资源量预测、远景区优选等相关要素，探讨了氦气勘探开发关键技术现存问题及应对措施。研究成果表明：①渭河盆地氦气资源发现于20世纪70年代，至今已实施了重、磁、化、地震、钻井及最新部署的5口氦气专属探井等大量实物工作量，但勘探程度依然较低。②渭河盆地基底及南缘广泛分布的氦源岩具有巨大的生氦潜力，其有效性与放射性元素Th和U含量、形成时代及地质构造特征等密切相关；深部可能残留有晚古生代煤系地层，为深部氦气向上运移提供载体气源，且富氦天然气与地下水关系密切，载体气及地层孔隙-孔隙水均是氦气运移和富集的重要载体；依据成因法可估算盆地有效氦气资源量为33.8×108 m3；华州—潼关地区地热能、生物气、氦气3类资源分布相互叠置，可作为多资源综合勘探与开发的重要目标区域。③华州探区氦气探井钻遇太古宙变质岩基底与印支—燕山期花岗岩，富氦天然气成藏条件受氦源岩、深大断裂、有效封盖条件等多因素控制。④针对氦气资源勘探开发面临的储量无法准确评估、勘探难度大、关键工程技术有待改进、经济可持续性有待研究等问题与挑战，提出了加强地震资料处理与氦气井下工程技术攻关、优化安全钻井配套技术、尝试开展井口氦气提取及提浓相关工作等的应对措施。

关键词: 氦气, 氦源岩, 煤系地层, 深大断裂, 封盖条件, 提氦技术, 华州—潼关地区, 渭河盆地

Abstract: Helium resource in Weihe Basin is abundant and holds great potential for exploration and development. Based on the research process related to helium resource in Weihe Basin，the exploration history，helium source rock，helium carrier and groundwater system，theoretical models of helium accumulation，resource quantity forecast，and prospect priority were summarized，and the existing issues and countermeasures for key techniques in helium exploration and development were discussed. Research findings show that：（1）Helium resource in Weihe Basin was discovered in 1970s，including methods of gravity，magnetics，geochemistry，seismics，and drilling，as well as the latest deployed five helium exclusive exploration wells. However，the exploration level remains low.（2）Helium source rocks widely distributed in the basement and south margin of Weihe Basin show significant potential for helium generation. The effectiveness is closely related to key factors，such as the content of radioactive elements of Th and U，formation age and characteristics of geological structure. The Late Paleozoic coal-bearing strata may remain in the deep basin，providing a carrier gas source for the upward migration of deep helium. Helium-rich natural gas is closely associated with groundwater，and the carrier gas and formation pore-pore water are important carriers for helium migration and enrichment. Based on the genetic method，the effective helium resources in Weihe Basin are estimated to be 33.8×108 m3. Considering the overlapping characteristics of geothermal energy，biogenic gas and helium resource in Weihe Basin，Huazhou-Tongguan area is identified as an important target area for comprehensive exploration and development of multiple resources.（3）The helium exploration well drilled into Archean metamorphic rock basement and IndosinianYanshannian granite. Formation conditions of helium-rich natural gas in Huazhou exploration area are controlled by various factors，such as helium source rock，deep faults，and effective sealing conditions.（4）The exploration and development of helium resource in Weihe Basin still faces several problems and challenges，such as inability to accurately assess helium reserve，significant difficulties in exploration，need for improvement in key engineering technologies，and the requirement for further study of economic sustainability. In response，the related countermeasures have been proposed，including strengthening seismic data processing and technology research of helium downhole engineering，optimizing the matching technique of safe drilling，and trying to carry out the related work about extraction and concentration of helium at wellhead.

Key words: helium, helium source rock, coal-bearing strata, deep fault, sealing conditions, helium extraction technology, Huazhou-Tongguan area, Weihe Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE02
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