岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 1–11.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260201

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

北美Appalachian盆地泥盆系油页岩资源评价新方法

马峰1(), 胡菲2(), 薛罗1, 陈瑞银3, 刘招君2, 雷明1, 郑茜1   

  1. 1 中国石油勘探开发研究院 西北分院兰州 730020
    2 吉林大学 地球科学学院长春 130061
    3 中国石油勘探开发研究院北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-04 修回日期:2025-08-21 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2025-10-31
  • 第一作者:马峰(1981—),男,硕士,教授级高级工程师,主要从事油气成藏方面的研究工作。地址:(730020)甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号。Email:mafeng@petrochina.com.cn
  • 通信作者: 胡菲(1986—),男,博士,副教授,主要从事石油地质学、非常规能源地质学科研与教学方面的研究工作。Email:hufei@jlu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目“海外油气地质新理论资源评价新技术与超前选区研究”(2023ZZ07)

New method for resource evaluation of Devonian oil shale in Appalachian Basin, North America

MA Feng1(), HU Fei2(), XUE Luo1, CHEN Ruiyin3, LIU Zhaojun2, LEI Ming1, ZHENG Xi1   

  1. 1 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest (NWGI)PetroChinaLanzhou 730020, China
    2 College of Earth SciencesJilin UniversityChangchun 130061, China
    3 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & DevelopmentBeijing 100083, China
  • Received:2025-07-04 Revised:2025-08-21 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2025-10-31

摘要:

针对中—低勘探程度盆地的油页岩资源评价,传统的体积法与类比法存在局限性,利用间接参数体积法更适用于北美Appalachian盆地的资源评价。基于泥页岩总有机碳(TOC)含量与含油率的良好正相关性,确定油页岩阈值及含油率区间,并计算校正系数,再进一步应用校正系数获得油页岩厚度、面积及热解烃量(S2),进而估算油页岩的资源量。研究结果表明:①北美Appalachian盆地的油页岩资源主要分布在西部Ohio地区,Ohio地区主力层位为上泥盆统Ohio油页岩段,自下而上可细分为Huron、Chagrin和Cleveland等3个亚段。总体上岩性以深灰色—黑色页岩为主,夹薄层粉砂岩。②研究区Ohio泥页岩TOC为1%~12%,含油率为0.33%~9.31%,油页岩含油率为3.50%~9.31%,S2为35.2~95.7 mg/g,校正系数为0.647。③泥页岩厚度乘以校正系数可获得研究区油页岩厚度为10~80 m。将TOC等值线转换为含油率等值线,以含油率3.50%圈定为油页岩面积(4.612×104 km2)。④应用间接参数体积法计算出研究区地面干馏和原位转化油页岩的油资源量分别为202×108 t和173×108 t,相应可采资源量分别为86×108 t和39×108 t。

关键词: 油页岩, 资源评价, 校正系数, 可采资源量, 间接参数体积法, 泥盆系, Ohio地区, Appalachian盆地

Abstract:

For the evaluation of oil shale resources in basins with medium-low exploration levels, traditional volumetric methods and geological parameter analogy methods have limitations. An indirect parameter volumetric method is more suitable for resource evaluation of Appalachian Basin in North America. Based on the good positive correlation between total organic carbon content (TOC) of shale and its oil content, the threshold value and oil content range of oil shale were determined, and the correction coefficient was calculated. The correction coefficient was further applied to obtain the thickness, area, and pyrolysis hydrocarbon quantity (S2) of oil shale, thereby the oil resource of oil shale was estimated. The results show that: (1) Oil shale resources in Appalachian Basin of North America are primarily distributed in the western Ohio area. The main formation of Ohio area is the Upper Devonian Ohio shale, which can be further divided into three submembers from bottom to top: Huron, Chagrin, and Cleveland. The lithology is predominantly deep gray to black shale, with thin interbeds of siltstone.(2) TOC of Ohio shale in the study area is 1%-12%, with oil content ranging from 0.33% to 9.31%. The oil content of oil shale ranges from 3.50% to 9.31%, S2 is 35.2-95.7 mg/g and correction coefficient is 0.647. (3) Multiplying the mud shale thickness by the correction coefficient obtain the oil shale thickness of 10-80 m in the study area. Convert TOC contour lines into oil content contour lines, and the area delineated by an oil content of 3.50% is the oil shale area, which is 46,120 km2. (4) Using the indirect parameter volumetric method, the estimated oil resource of surface dry distillation and in-situ transformation oil shale in the study area are 202×108 t and 173×108 t, respectively, with corresponding recoverable resources of 86×108 t and 39×108 t, respectively.

Key words: oil shale, resource evaluation, correction coefficient, recoverable resource, indirect parameter volumetric method, Devonian, Ohio area, Appalachian Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.115

图1

北美Appalachian盆地区域位置(a)及Ohio地区泥盆系岩性地层综合柱状图(b)(据文献[17]和[18]修改)"

图2

Appalachian盆地Ohio州东部到Pennsylvania州西部中上泥盆统地层剖面(据文献[22]修改)"

图3

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio页岩Ro分布等值线(据文献[2]修改)"

图4

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio油页岩岩心及显微镜照片 (a) Huron黑色油页岩,夹粉砂岩纹层;(b) Huron油页岩,发育水平层理;(c) Chagrin深灰色油页岩;(d) Chagrin深灰色油页岩,发育生物扰动构造;(e) Cleveland黑色油页岩,夹粉砂岩薄层;(f) Cleveland油页岩,水平层理发育。"

图5

间接参数体积法资源评价流程"

图6

美国绿河地区Piceance盆地w与TOC、S2的相关性"

表1

不同开采方式下的油页岩技术可采系数取值标准[1]"

影响因素 技术可采系数的取值标准/%
开采方式 厚度/
m
倾角/
(°)
地质类型
基础储量 探明资源量 控制
资源量
推断
资源量
预测
资源量
露天开采 简单 95.0 95.0 76.0 66.5 57.0 47.5
中等 90.0 90.0 72.0 63.0 54.0 45.0
复杂 85.0 85.0 68.0 59.5 51.0 42.5
地下开采 0.7~1.3 < 25 简单 75.0 75.0 60.0 52.5 45.0 37.5
中等 70.0 70.0 56.0 49.0 42.0 35.0
复杂 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
25~45 简单 70.0 70.0 56.0 49.0 42.0 35.0
中等 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
复杂 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
> 45 简单 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
中等 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
复杂 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
1.3~3.5 < 25 简单 70.0 70.0 56.0 49.0 42.0 35.0
中等 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
复杂 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
25~45 简单 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
中等 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
复杂 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
> 45 简单 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
中等 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
复杂 50.0 50.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0
> 3.5 < 25 简单 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
中等 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
复杂 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
25~45 简单 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
中等 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
复杂 50.0 50.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0
> 45 简单 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
中等 50.0 50.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0
复杂 45.0 45.0 36.0 31.5 27.0 22.5

表2

世界各国油页岩干馏生产页岩油的主要工艺对比[31-34]"

炉型 抚顺发生式炉 爱沙尼亚发生式炉 Kiviter炉 Petrosix炉 Galoter炉 Taciuk炉
国家 中国 爱沙尼亚 爰沙尼亚 巴西 爱沙尼亚 澳大利亚
地点 抚顺 Kivioli Kivioli SaoMateus Narva Stuart
公司 抚顺矿务局 ViruKeemia ViruKeemia Petrobras NarvaPower SPP/CPM
油页岩处理量/(t·d-1) 100 100 1 000 1 500~6 000 3 000 6 000
页岩块径/mm 10~75 10~100 10~125 6~50 0~25 0~16
型式 垂直圆筒 垂直圆筒 垂直圆筒 垂直圆筒 水平圆筒 水平圆筒
过程 页岩热解
半焦气化
页岩热解
半焦气化
页岩热解
半焦冷却
页岩热解
半焦冷却
页岩热解
半焦燃烧
页岩热解
半焦燃烧
热载体 低热载体 低热载体 低热载体 高热值气 页岩灰 页岩灰
热源 干馏气及
半焦潜热
干馏气及
半焦潜热
干馏气及
半焦显热
干馏气及
半焦显热
半焦潜热 半焦潜热
铝甄油收系数/% 65 68 75~80 85~90 85~90 85~90
产品 燃料油 燃料油 燃料油 燃料油 燃料油 轻燃料油
低热值气 化工品 化工品 轻油硫黄 化工品 低硫轻油
页岩灰 低热值气 低热值气 高热值气 高热值气 高热值气
页岩灰 页岩半焦 页岩半焦 页岩灰 页岩灰

表3

油页岩原位开发资源转化系数取值标准"

厚度/m 倾角/
(°)
地质
类型
资源转化系数的取值标准/%
基数 基础
储量
探明
资源量
控制
资源量
推断
资源量
预测
资源量
< 60 < 20 简单 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
中等 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
复杂 50.0 50.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0
20~45 简单 50.0 50.0 40.0 35.0 30.0 25.0
中等 45.0 45.0 36.0 31.5 27.0 22.5
复杂 40.0 40.0 32.0 28.0 24.0 20.0
> 45 简单 40.0 40.0 32.0 28.0 24.0 20.0
中等 35.0 35.0 28.0 24.5 21.0 17.5
复杂 30.0 30.0 24.0 21.0 18.0 15.0
60~150 < 20 简单 75.0 75.0 60.0 52.5 45.0 37.5
中等 70.0 70.0 56.0 49.0 42.0 35.0
复杂 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
20~45 简单 70.0 70.0 56.0 49.0 42.0 35.0
中等 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
复杂 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
> 45 简单 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
中等 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0
复杂 55.0 55.0 44.0 38.5 33.0 27.5
> 150 < 20 简单 90.0 90.0 72.0 63.0 54.0 45.0
中等 85.0 85.0 68.0 59.5 51.0 42.5
复杂 80.0 80.0 64.0 56.0 48.0 40.0
20~45 简单 80.0 80.0 64.0 56.0 48.0 40.0
中等 75.0 75.0 60.0 52.5 45.0 37.5
复杂 70.0 70.0 56.0 49.0 42.0 35.0
> 45 简单 70.0 70.0 56.0 49.0 42.0 35.0
中等 65.0 65.0 52.0 45.5 39.0 32.5
复杂 60.0 60.0 48.0 42.0 36.0 30.0

图7

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio页岩H等值线(据文献[22]修改)"

图8

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio油页岩w等值线"

图9

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio油页岩H等值线"

图10

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio油页岩S2等值线"

图11

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio油页岩地面干馏资源丰度等值线"

图12

Appalachian盆地上泥盆统Ohio油页岩原位开发资源丰度等值线"

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