Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (2): 11-20.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230202

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Sequence filling succession and fluid indication of dolomite reservoirs of the first member of Permian Qixia Formation in Baoxing area, southwestern Sichuan Basin

FENG Mingyou1, GAO Ruiqi1,2, WANG Xingzhi1, XU Liang3, ZHAO Jin4, LIU Xiaohong1, SHANG Junxin1   

  1. 1. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    2. Institute of Exploration and Development, Shunan Gas Field, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Filed Company, Luzhou 646000, Sichuan, China;
    3. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Filed Company, Chengdu 610041, China;
    4. Natural Resources Bureau of Jiange County, Guangyuan 628317, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2022-03-26 Revised:2022-05-26 Online:2023-03-01 Published:2023-03-07

PDF (PC)

204

Abstract: Dolomites of Qixia Formation of Middle Permian in Baoxing area of southwestern Sichuan Basin display a complex diagenetic alteration and complex genesis of high-quality reservoirs. The filling characteristics of dolomite reservoirs in the study area were analyzed based on field investigation, macroscopic and microscopic petrological characteristics, cathodoluminescence and fluid inclusion measurement. The results show that:(1) The dolomites of the first member of Qixia Formation of Middle Permian are composed of subhedral medium to coarse-grained dolomites, with zebra texture and tectonic breccia developed. The reservoir spaces are mainly residual intercrystalline pores, residual intercrystalline dissolved pores and dissolved fractures, followed by expanding dissolved fractures and geodes, with porosity of 1%-4%.(2) The dolomite reservoirs in the study area are mainly filled with medium to coarse-grained saddle dolomites and bright crystal calcites, followed by a small amount of quartzs. Locally, medium to coarse-grained dolomites are distributed in the fractures together with calcites in a belt shape. In general, the distribution of dolomites is obviously controlled by faults, and the fractures and caves are relatively developed, and the filling sequence is coarse-grained saddle dolomite-quartz-calcite.(3) During the Middle-Late Triassic period, the Mg-rich thermal brine in deep basin entered the formation along faults and replaced original rock to form hydrothermal dolomites. The hydrothermal cooling effect carried out the dissolution transformation of the early reservoirs, and accompanied by the pressure reduction, led to the precipitation of coarse-grained saddle dolomite and a small amount of calcite. Under the influence of Yanshan movement at the end of Jurassic, the silicon-rich hydrothermal solution in deep basin entered the reservoir and replaced some saddle dolomites and a small amount of quartzs filled holes. In the late Yanshanian period, the carbon dioxide rich fluids with high-temperature and low salinity were supersaturated due to tectonic uplift and precipitated late calcites, which greatly reduced the reservoir space.(4) The reservoirs are intense densification after episodic fluid alteration, and part of the residual vugs or fracture networks are relative porous for hydrocarbon accumulation and migration.

Key words: hydrothermal dolomite, fluid action, filling action, diagenesis, Qixia Formation, Permian, Baoxing area, southwestern Sichuan Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.2
[1] 赵文智, 沈安江, 乔占峰, 等.白云岩成因类型、识别特征及储集空间成因[J].石油勘探与开发, 2018, 45(6):923-935. ZHAO Wenzhi, SHEN Anjiang, QIAO Zhanfeng, et al. Genetic types and distinguished characteristics of dolostone and the origin of dolostone reservoirs[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2018, 45(6):923-935.
[2] 周进高, 郝毅, 邓红婴, 等.四川盆地中西部栖霞组-茅口组孔洞型白云岩储层成因与分布[J]. 海相油气地质, 2019, 24(4):67-78. ZHOU Jingao, HAO Yi, DENG Hongying, et al. Genesis and distribution of vuggy dolomite reservoirs of the Lower Permian Qixia Formation and Maokou Formation, western-central Sichuan Basin[J]. Marine Origin Petroleum Geology, 2019, 24(4):67-78.
[3] 谭秀成, 肖笛, 陈景山, 等.早成岩期喀斯特化研究新进展及意义[J].古地理学报, 2015, 17(4):441-456. TAN Xiucheng, XIAO Di, CHEN Jingshan, et al. New advance and enlightenment of eogenetic karstification[J]. Journal of Paleogeography(Chinese Edition), 2015, 17(4):441-456.
[4] 朱东亚, 金之钧, 胡文瑄.塔北地区下奥陶统白云岩热液重结晶作用及其油气储集意义[J].中国科学:地球科学, 2010, 40(2):156-170. ZHU Dongya, JIN Zhijun, HU Wenxuan. Hydrothermal recrystallization of the Lower Ordovician dolomite and its significance to reservoir in northern Tarim Basin[J]. Science China:Earth Science, 2010, 40(2):156-170.
[5] 冯明友, 张帆, 李跃纲, 等.川西地区中二叠统栖霞组优质白云岩储层特征及形成机理[J]. 中国科技论文, 2015, 10(3):280-286. FENG Mingyou, ZHANG Fan, LI Yuegang, et al. Characteristics and formation mechanism of Qixia Formation(Middle Permian) dolomite reservoirs in western Sichuan Basin[J]. China Sciencepaper, 2015, 10(3):280-286.
[6] 杨雨然, 张亚, 谢忱, 等.川西北地区中二叠统栖霞组热液作用及其对储层的影响[J].岩性油气藏, 2019, 31(6):44-53. YANG Yuran, ZHANG Ya, XIE Chen, et al. Hydrothermal action of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in northwestern Sichuan Basin and its effect on reservoirs[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2019, 31(6):44-53.
[7] 王海真, 池英柳, 赵宗举, 等.四川盆地栖霞组岩溶储层及勘探选区[J].石油学报, 2013, 34(5):833-842. WANG Haizhen, CHI Yingliu, ZHAO Zongju, et al. Karst reservoirs developed in the Middle Permian Qixia Formation of Sichuan Basin and selection of exploration regions[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2013, 34(5):833-842.
[8] 李蓉, 苏成鹏, 贾霍甫, 等.川西南地区中二叠统栖霞组白云岩成因[J].岩性油气藏, 2022, 34(4):103-115. LI Rong, SU Chengpeng, JIA Huofu, et al. Reservoir characteristics and genesis of dolomite of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in southwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2022, 34(4):103-115.
[9] EHRENBERG S N, EBERLI G P, KERAMATI M, et al. Porositypermeability relationships in interlayered limestone-dolostone reservoirs[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(1):91-114.
[10] EHRENBERG S N, WALDERHAUG O, BJØRLYKKE K. Carbonate porosity creation by mesogenetic dissolution:Reality or illusion?[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2012, 96(2):217-233.
[11] 张单明, 秦善, 刘波, 等.碳酸盐岩-H2S平衡体系原位溶蚀模拟实验及其地质意义[J].北京大学学报(自然科学版), 2015, 51(4):745-754. ZHANG Shanming, QIN Shan, LIU Bo, et al. In-situ simulation experiment of carbonate-hydrogen sulfide equilibrium system and its geological significance[J]. Acta Scientiarum Naturalium Universitatis Pekinensis, 2015, 51(4):745-754.
[12] 黄成刚, 袁剑英, 吴梁宇, 等.湖相白云岩成因模式及研究方法探讨[J].岩性油气藏, 2016, 28(2):7-15. HUANG Chenggang, YUAN Jianying, WU Liangyu, et al. Origin and research methods of lacustrine dolomite[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2016, 28(2):7-15.
[13] HIRANI J, BASTESEN E, BOYCE A, et al. Controls on the formation of stratabound dolostone bodies, Hammam Faraun Fault block, Gulf of Suez[J]. Sedimentology, 2018, 65(6):1973-2002.
[14] HUNTINGTON K W, BUDD D A, WERNICHE B P, et al. Use of Clumped-isotope thermometry to constrain the crystallization temperature of diagenetic calcite[J]. Journal of Sedimentary Research, 2011, 81(9/10):656-669.
[15] 沈安江, 赵文智, 胡安平, 等.碳酸盐矿物定年和定温技术及其在川中古隆起油气成藏研究中的应用[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2021, 48(3):1-12. SHEN Anjiang, ZHAO Wenzhi, HU Anping, et al. The dating and temperature measurement technologies for carbonate minerals and their application in hydrocarbon accumulation research in the paleo-uplift in central Sichuan Basin, SW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2021, 48(3):1-12.
[16] DAVIES G R, SMITH L B. Structurally controlled hydrothermal dolomite reservoir facies:An overview[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(11):1641-1690.
[17] 陈代钊.构造-热液白云岩化作用与白云岩储层[J].石油与天然气地质, 2008, 29(5):614-622. CHEN Daizhao. Structure-controlled hydrothermal dolomitization and hydrothermal dolomite reservoirs[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2008, 29(5):614-622.
[18] 魏国齐, 杨威, 朱永刚, 等.川西地区中二叠统栖霞组沉积体系[J].石油与天然气地质, 2010, 31(4):442-448. WEI Guoqi, YANG Wei, ZHU Yonggang, et al. Depositional system of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the western Sichuan Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2010, 31(4):442-448.
[19] 关新, 陈世加, 苏旺, 等.四川盆地西北部栖霞组碳酸盐岩储层特征及主控因素[J].岩性油气藏, 2018, 30(2):67-76. GUAN Xin, CHEN Shijia, SU Wang, et al. Carbonate reservoir characteristics and main controlling factors of Middle Permian Qixia Formation in NW Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(2):67-76.
[20] 张本健, 尹宏, 李荣容, 等.四川盆地西南部平探1井中二叠统栖霞组天然气勘探新突破及其意义[J].天然气工业, 2020, 40(7):34-41. ZHANG Benjian, YIN Hong, LI Rongrong, et al. New breakthrough of natural gas exploration in the Qixia Formation of Middle Permian by well Pingtan 1 in the southwestern Sichuan Basin and its implications[J]. Natural Gas Industry, 2020, 40(7):34-41.
[21] 冯轲, 徐胜林, 陈洪德, 等.四川盆地西南部中二叠统白云岩成因分析:来自锶同位素、稀土元素证据[J].中国岩溶, 2018, 37(5):23-34. FENG Ke, XU Shenglin, CHEN Hongde, et al. Genesis of the Middle Permian dolomite in the southwestern Sichuan Basin:Evidence from strontium isotope and rare earth elements[J]. Carsologica Sinica, 2018, 37(5):23-34.
[22] 梁宁, 郑荣才, 邓吉刚, 等.川西北地区中二叠统栖霞组沉积相与缓斜坡模式[J].岩性油气藏, 2016, 28(6):58-67. LIANG Ning, ZHENG Rongcai, DENG Jigang, et al. Sedimentary facies and gentle slope model of the Middle Permian Qixia Formation in the northwestern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2016, 28(6):58-67.
[23] FENG Mingyou, WU Pengcheng, QIANG Zitong, et al. Hydrothermal dolomite reservoir in the Precambrian Dengying Formation of central Sichuan Basin, southwestern China[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology. 2017, 82:206-219.
[24] 傅饶, 郑荣才, 常海亮, 等.湖相"白烟型" 喷流岩——新型的致密油储层类型:以准噶尔盆地西缘乌尔禾地区风城组为例[J].岩性油气藏, 2015, 27(3):32-42. FU Rao, ZHENG Rongcai, CHANG Hailiang, et al. Lacustrine "white smoke type" exhalative rock-A new type of tight oil reservoir:A case study from Lower Permian Fengcheng Formation in Urho area, western margin of Junggar Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2015, 27(3):32-42.
[25] KATZ D A, EBERLI G P, SWART P K, et al. Tectonic-hydrothermal brecciation associated with calcite precipitation and permeability destruction in Mississippian carbonate reservoirs Montana and Wyoming[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2006, 90(11):1803-1841.
[26] PAN Liyin, SHEN Anjiang, ZHAO Jianxin, et al. LA-ICP-MS U-Pb geochronology and clumped isotope constraints on the formation and evolution of an ancient dolomite reservoir:The Middle Permian of Northwest Sichuan Basin(SW China)[J]. Sedimentary Geology, 2020, 407(105728):1-17.
[27] GORDON T M, GREENWOOD H J. The reaction:Dolomite+ quartz+water=talc+calcite+carbon dioxide[J]. American Journal of Science, 1970, 268(3):225-242.
[28] 王小林, 万野, 胡文瑄, 等.白云石与富硅流体的水-岩反应实验及其储层地质意义[J].地质论评, 2017, 63(6):1639-1652. WANG Xiaolin, WAN Ye, HU Wenxuan, et al. Experimental studies on the interactions between dolomite and SiO 2-rich fluids:Implications for the formation of carbonate reservoirs[J]. Geological Review, 2017, 63(6):1639-1652.
[29] JIA Y, LI X, KERRICH R. A fluid inclusion study of Au-bearing quartz vein systems in the central and North Deborah deposits of the Bendigo gold field, central Victoria, Australia[J]. Economic Geology, 2000, 95(3):467-494.
[30] BONS P D, MILLIGEN B P V. New experiment to model self-organized critical transport and accumulation of melt and hydrocarbons from their source rocks[J]. Geology, 2001, 29(10):919-922.
[31] RONCHIA P, MASETTIB D, TASSANC S, et al. Hydrothermal dolomitization in platform and basin carbonate successions during thrusting:A hydrocarbon reservoir analogue(Mesozoic of Venetian Southern Alps, Italy)[J]. Marine and Petroleum Geology, 2012, 29:68-89.
[1] BAI Yubin, LI Mengyao, ZHU Tao, ZHAO Jingzhou, REN Haijiao, WU Weitao, WU Heyuan. Geochemical characteristics of source rocks and evaluation of shale oil “sweet spot”of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 110-121.
[2] WANG Yifeng, TIAN Jixian, LI Jian, QIAO Tong, LIU Chenglin, ZHANG Jingkun, SHA Wei, SHEN Xiaoshuang. Geochemical characteristics of Permian condensate oil and gas and phase types in southwest of Mahu Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 149-159.
[3] YAN Xueying, SANG Qin, JIANG Yuqiang, FANG Rui, ZHOU Yadong, LIU Xue, LI Shun, YUAN Yongliang. Main controlling factors for the high yield of tight oil in the Jurassic Da’anzhai Section in the western area of Gongshanmiao, Sichuan Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 98-109.
[4] YANG Haibo, FENG Dehao, YANG Xiaoyi, GUO Wenjian, HAN Yang, SU Jiajia, YANG Huang, LIU Chenglin. Characteristics of source rocks and thermal evolution simulation of Permian Pingdiquan Formation in Dongdaohaizi Sag，Junggar Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 156-166.
[5] BAO Hanyong, ZHAO Shuai, ZHANG Li, LIU Haotian. Exploration achievements and prospects for shale gas of Middle-Upper Permian in Hongxing area，eastern Sichuan Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 12-24.
[6] SHEN Youyi, WANG Kaifeng, TANG Shuheng, ZHANG Songhang, XI Zhaodong, YANG Xiaodong. Geological modeling and“sweet spot”prediction of Permian coal measures shale reservoirs in Yushe-Wuxiang block，Qinshui Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 98-108.
[7] XU Tianlu, WU Chengmei, ZHANG Jinfeng, CAO Aiqiong, ZHANG Teng. Natural fracture characteristics and fracture network simulation in shale reservoirs of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 35-43.
[8] WANG Hongbo, ZHANG Lei, CAO Qian, ZHANG Jianwu, PAN Xing. Sedimentary model of fluvial fan of Permian He-8 member in Ordos Basin and its exploration significance [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 117-126.
[9] SHAO Wei, ZHOU Daorong, LI Jianqing, ZHANG Chengcheng, LIU Tao. Key factors and favorable exploration directions for oil and gas enrichment in back margin sag of thrust nappe in Lower Yangtze [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 61-71.
[10] DUAN Yifei, ZHAO Weiwei, YANG Tianxiang, LI Fukang, LI Hui, WANG Jianan, LIU Yuchen. Source-reservoir characteristics and accumulation rules of shale gas of Permian Shanxi Formation in Yan'an area, Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 72-83.
[11] LEI Tao, MO Songyu, LI Xiaohui, JIANG Nan, ZHU Chaobin, WANG Qiao, QU Xuejiao, WANG Jia. Sandbody superimposition patterns and oil and gas exploration significance of Permian Shanxi Formation in Daniudi gas field，Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(2): 147-159.
[12] ZHANG Wenbo, LI Ya, YANG Tian, PENG Siqiao, CAI Laixing, REN Qiqiang. Characteristics and diagenetic evolution of Permian pyroclastic reservoirs in Jianyang area，Sichuan Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(2): 136-146.
[13] DENG Yuan, CHEN Xuan, QIN Jianhua, LI Yingyan, HE Jixiang, TAO Xin, YIN Taiju, GAO Yang. Paleogeomorphology and favorable reservior distribution of the first member of Permian Lucaogou Formation in Jimsar Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(1): 136-144.
[14] LI Bisong, SU Jianlong, PU Yong, MIAO Zhiwei, ZHANG Wenjun, XIAO Wei, ZHANG Lei, JIANG Yu. Facies-controlled karst characterization and effective reservoir prediction of Permian Maokou Formation in Yuanba area，Sichuan Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(1): 69-77.
[15] WANG Xiaojuan, CHEN Shuangling, XIE Jirong, MA Hualing, ZHU Deyu, PANG Xiaoting, YANG Tian, LYU Xueying. Accumulation characteristics and main controlling factors of tight sandstone of Jurassic Shaximiao Formation in southwestern Sichuan Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(1): 78-87.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] KUANG Hongwei, GAO Zhenzhong, WANG Zhengyun, WANG Xiaoguang. A type of specific subtle reservoir : Analysis on the origin of diagenetic trapped reservoirs and its significance for exploration in Xia 9 wellblock of Junggar Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 8 -14 .
[2] LI Guojun, ZHENG Rongcai, TANG Yulin, WANG Yang, TANG Kai. Sequence-based lithofacies and paleogeography of Lower Triassic Feixianguan Formation in northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(4): 64 -70 .
[3] CAI Jia. Sedimentary facies of Neogene Sanya Formation in Changchang Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2017, 29(5): 46 -54 .
[4] ZHANG Hui, GUAN Da, XIANG Xuemei, CHEN Yong. Prediction for fractured tight sandstone reservoir of Xu 4 member in eastern Yuanba area,northeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2018, 30(1): 133 -139 .
[5] FU Guang, LIU Bo, LV Yanfang. Comprehensive evaluation method for sealing ability of mudstone caprock to gas in each phase[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 21 -26 .
[6] MA Zhongliang, ZENG Jianhui, ZHANG Shanwen, WANG Yongshi,WANG Hongyu, LIU Huimin. Migration and accumulation mechanism of sand lens reservoirs and its main controlling factors[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2008, 20(1): 69 -74 .
[7] WANG Yingming. Analysis of the mess in sequence hierarchy applied in the industrialized application of the sequence stratigraphy[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 9 -15 .
[8] WEI Pingsheng, PAN Shuxin, WAN G Jiangong,LEI Ming. Study of the relationship between lithostratigraphic reservoirs and lakeshore line:An introduction on lakeshore line controlling oil /gas reservoirs in sag basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 27 -31 .
[9] YI Dinghong, SHI Lanting, JIA Yirong. Sequence stratigraphy and subtle reservoir of Aershan Formation in Baorao Trough of Jiergalangtu Sag[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 68 -72 .
[10] YANG Zhanlong, PENG Licai, CHEN Qilin, GUO Jingyi,LI Zaiguang, HUANG Yunfeng. Petroleum accumulation condition analysis and lithologic reservoir exploration in Shengbei Depression of Turpan-harmy Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(1): 62 -67 .
TRENDMD:

Copyright © 2018 Lithologic Reservoirs

Support by Beijing Magtech support@magtech.com.cn