岩性油气藏 ›› 2020, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 108–114.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20200211

• 勘探技术 • 上一篇    下一篇

基于倾角导向滤波控制的似然属性方法在断裂识别中的定量表征

张璐, 何峰, 陈晓智, 祝彦贺, 韩刚, 李祺鑫   

  1. 中海油研究总院有限责任公司, 北京 100028
  • 收稿日期:2019-05-20 修回日期:2019-08-29 出版日期:2020-03-21 发布日期:2020-01-19
  • 作者简介:张璐(1988-),女,硕士,工程师,主要从事地震资料解释与构造分析工作。地址:(100028)北京市朝阳区太阳宫南街6号院。Email:zlwhisper@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    “十三五”国家科技重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”（编号：2016ZX05027-003-003）和中海石油（中国）有限公司勘探生产项目“非常规油气地震勘探开发技术研究与应用”（编号：2018FCG-07）、“鄂尔多斯盆地东缘致密气富集规律及勘探研究”（编号：2018FCG-01）联合资助

Quantitative characterization of fault identification using likelihood attribute based on dip-steering filter control

ZHANG Lu, HE Feng, CHEN Xiaozhi, ZHU Yanhe, HAN Gang, LI Qixin   

  1. CNOOC Research Institute Ltd., Beijing 100028, China
  • Received:2019-05-20 Revised:2019-08-29 Online:2020-03-21 Published:2020-01-19

PDF (PC)

258

摘要： 随着致密气勘探开发的不断深入，断裂对气层的分布以及对储层物性的改造均起到了重要的控制作用。受随机噪声、采集脚印等多种因素的制约，地震资料信噪比低，成像品质较差，常用于识别断层的方差或相干属性的清晰度已不能满足指导微小断层组合的要求。为了解决研究区构造解释的难题，采用倾角导向滤波控制的似然属性方法提高断层识别精度，并基于似然属性体，确定随机噪声与断层的阈值，结合区域地质分析，认为似然属性值<0.3为噪声，≥0.3为断层，最后利用断裂预测结果计算裂缝密度和连通性，可以对断裂发育情况进行半定量—定量描述，能够全方位多角度地认识裂缝在平面、剖面和三维立体空间的展布特征。该方法突破了传统意义上地震解释中的断层识别方法，解决了常规相干呈现杂乱模糊响应及断层、岩相变化无法区分的问题，提高了地震解释的精度及可信度，为水平井轨迹设计及压裂方案优化提供了技术支撑。

关键词: 倾角导向体, 中值滤波, 断层似然属性, 裂缝密度, 裂缝连通性

Abstract: With the development of tight gas exploration,fault plays an important role in controlling the distribution of gas reservoirs and improving the physical properties of reservoirs. Restricted by many factors,such as random noise and seismic footprints,seismic data have low signal-to-noise ratio and poor imaging quality. The clarity of variance or coherence attributes commonly used to identify faults cannot meet the requirements of guiding microfault combination in plane. In order to solve the problem of seismic data interpretation,the method of likelihood attribute controlled by dip-steering filter was used to improve the accuracy of fault identification. Based on the likelihood attribute cube,the threshold of random noise and fault was determined. Combining with regional geological analysis,it is considered that when the value of likelihood attribute is less than 0.3,it is noise,otherwise,it is fault. Finally,fracture density and connectivity can be calculated by using the results of fracture prediction,which can semi-quantitatively or quantitatively describe the development of fracture,and comprehensively understand the distribution of fracture in plane,profile and three-dimensional space. This method breaks through the traditional fault identification method in seismic interpretation, solves the problem that fault and lithofacies changes cannot be distinguished by using conventional coherence method,and improves the accuracy and reliability of seismic interpretation and provides technical support for horizontal well trajectory design and fracturing scheme optimization.

Key words: dip-steering, media filtering, fault likelihood attribute, fracture density, fracture connectivity

中图分类号: 

  • TE19
[1] 张璐.地震分频多属性融合法在小断层解释中的应用.特种油气藏, 2017, 24(6):44-47. ZHANG L. Application of seismic frequency-divided multiattribute fusion method to small faults interpretation. Special Oil and Gas Reservoir, 2017, 24(6):44-47.
[2] 王彦君, 雍学善, 刘应如, 等.小断层识别技术研究及应用.勘探地球物理进展, 2007, 30(2):135-139. WANG Y J, YONG X S, LIU Y R, et al. Identification of minor fault and its applications. Progress in Exploration Geophysics, 2007, 30(2):135-139.
[3] 周赏, 王永莉, 韩天宝, 等.小断层综合解释技术及其应用.石油地球物理勘探, 2012, 47(增刊1):50-54. ZHOU S, WANG Y L, HAN T B, et al. Minor fault joint-interpretation. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2012, 47(Suppl 1):50-54.
[4] 李建雄, 崔全章, 魏小东.地震属性在微断层解释中的应用. 石油地球物理勘探, 2011, 46(6):925-929. LI J X, CUI Q Z, WEI X D. Application of seismic attributes in micro-fault interpretation. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011, 46(6):925-929.
[5] 曹思远, 刘兰锋, 陈为琳.基于地震资料的小断裂检测技术. 中国煤炭地质, 2010, 22(8):5-8. CAO S Y, LIU L F, CHEN W L. Minor fracture detection technology based on seismic data. Coal Geology of China, 2010, 22(8):5-8.
[6] 纪学武, 彭忻, 臧殿光, 等.多属性微断裂解释技术.石油地球物理勘探, 2011, 46(增刊1):117-120. JI X W, PENG X, ZANG D G, et al. Micro-fault interpretation by multiple attribute. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2011, 46(Suppl 1):117-120.
[7] 赵万金, 周春雷.基于Contourlet变换的图像增强技术识别裂缝.岩性油气藏, 2017, 29(3):103-109. ZHAO W J, ZHOU C L. Application of image enhancement technique to fracture identification based on Contourlet transform. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2017, 29(3):103-109.
[8] 尹川, 杜向东, 赵汝敏, 等.基于倾角控制的构造导向滤波及其应用.地球物理学进展, 2014, 29(6):2818-2822. YIN C, DU X D, ZHAO R M, et al. Dip steered structure oriented filter and its application. Progress in Geophysics, 2014, 29(6):2818-2822.
[9] 徐德奎, 王玉英, 郑江峰.倾角导向的相干加强技术在改善复杂断块地震资料中的应用. 地球物理学进展, 2016, 31(3):1224-1228. XU D K, WANG Y Y, ZHENG J F. Dip steering coherentenhancing filtering and its application on seismic data of complex fault block. Progress in Geophysics, 2016, 31(3):1224-1228.
[10] 解淑林, 宁松华, 曾德龙, 等.倾角构造导向滤波方法识别小断层.中国锰业, 2017, 35(2):79-81. XIE S L, NING S H, ZENG D L, et al. Recognition of minor faults by dip structure oriented filtering. China's Manganese Industry, 2017, 35(2):79-81.
[11] 蔡涵鹏, 贺振华, 李亚林, 等.基于多窗口相干性的倾角导向主分量滤波.石油地球物理勘探, 2014, 49(3):486-494. CAI H P, HE Z H, LI Y L, et al. Dip-steering principal component filter using multi-window coherence scanning and interpolation. Oil Geophysical Prospecting, 2014, 49(3):486-494.
[12] 黄立良, 韩少博, 刘兴, 等.应用构造导向滤波技术识别隐蔽断层.工程地球物理学报, 2014, 11(4):446-450. HUANG L L, HAN S B, LIU X, et al. The application of structure-oriented filtering technology to identifying hidden fault. Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics, 2014, 11(4):446-450.
[13] 陈常乐.地震波场构造导向滤波关键技术及应用.吉林:吉林大学, 2015. CHEN C L. Key technique and application of structure oriented filter for seismic wave field. Jilin:Jilin University, 2015.
[14] 杨瑞召, 孙志朋, 高朵, 等.倾角控制下的三维相干体异常识别技术研究.能源技术与管理, 2015, 40(6):162-164. YANG R Z, SUN Z P, GAO D, et al. Research on anomaly recognition technology of three-dimensional coherence cube under dip steering control. Energy Technology and Management, 2015, 40(6):162-164.
[15] 白雪峰, 霍进杰, 朱明, 等.倾角导向体约束下的储层预测技术.物探化探计算技术, 2014, 36(1):107-112. BAI X F, HUO J J, ZHU M, et al. Reservoir prediction technique on restrain of dip steering cube. Computing Techniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2014, 36(1):107-112.
[16] 赵丽娅, 傅群, 潘海滨. OpendTect软件倾角控制模块在地震解释中的应用.海洋地质动态, 2008, 24(4):33-37. ZHAO L Y, FU Q, PAN H B. Application of OpendTect software inclination control module in seismic interpretation. Marine Geology Letters, 2008, 24(4):33-37.
[17] 武小杰. 胜利油田A3复杂断块构造精细描述. 油气地球物理, 2014, 12(3):34-38. WU X J. Fine structural description of the complex fault block A3 in Shengli Oilfield. Petroleum Geophysics, 2014, 12(3):34-38.
[18] 段友祥, 曹婧, 孙歧峰. 自适应倾角导向技术在断层识别中的应用.岩性油气藏, 2017, 29(4):101-107. DUAN Y X, CAO J, SUN Q F. Application of auto-adaptive dip-steering technique to fault recognition. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2017, 29(4):101-107.
[19] HALE D. Methods to compute fault images, extract fault surfaces and estimate fault throws from 3D seismic images. Geophysics, 2013, 78(2):33-43.
[20] HARDEEP J, FARRUKH Q, HÈLÈNS H. Unconventional seismic attributes for fracture characterization. First Break, 2015, 33:101-108.
[21] 张木辰, 孟令彬, 杨瑞召, 等.细化断层概率体及其在煤层气勘探中的应用.中国海上油气, 2018, 30(1):67-73. ZHANG M C, MENG L B, YANG R Z, et al. Thinned fault likelihood and its application in interpretation of seismic data in coal bed methane blocks. China Offshore Oil and Gas, 2018, 30(1):67-73.
[1] 段友祥, 曹婧, 孙歧峰. 自适应倾角导向技术在断层识别中的应用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2017, 29(4): 101-107.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] 杨秋莲, 李爱琴, 孙燕妮, 崔攀峰. 超低渗储层分类方法探讨[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(4): 51 -56 .
[2] 张杰, 赵玉华. 鄂尔多斯盆地三叠系延长组地震层序地层研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(4): 71 -74 .
[3] 杨占龙, 张正刚, 陈启林, 郭精义,沙雪梅, 刘文粟. 利用地震信息评价陆相盆地岩性圈闭的关键点分析[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(4): 57 -63 .
[4] 朱小燕, 李爱琴, 段晓晨, 田随良, 刘美荣. 镇北油田延长组长3 油层组精细地层划分与对比[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(4): 82 -86 .
[5] 方朝合, 王义凤, 郑德温, 葛稚新. 苏北盆地溱潼凹陷古近系烃源岩显微组分分析[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2007, 19(4): 87 -90 .
[6] 韩春元，赵贤正，金凤鸣，王权，李先平，王素卿. 二连盆地地层岩性油藏“多元控砂—四元成藏—主元富集”与勘探实践（IV）——勘探实践[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2008, 20(1): 15 -20 .
[7] 戴朝成，郑荣才，文华国，张小兵. 辽东湾盆地旅大地区古近系层序—岩相古地理编图[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2008, 20(1): 39 -46 .
[8] 尹艳树，张尚峰，尹太举. 钟市油田潜江组含盐层系高分辨率层序地层格架及砂体分布规律[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2008, 20(1): 53 -58 .
[9] 石雪峰，杜海峰. 姬塬地区长3—长4+5油层组沉积相研究[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2008, 20(1): 59 -63 .
[10] 严世邦，胡望水，李瑞升，关键，李涛，聂晓红. 准噶尔盆地红车断裂带同生逆冲断裂特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2008, 20(1): 64 -68 .

陇ICP备17006252号
版权所有© 2018 中国石油集团西北地质研究所有限公司《岩性油气藏》编辑部

地址：甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号(陇ICP备17006252号)    电话：0931-8686158;8686058;8686288    邮箱：yxyqc@petrochina.com.cn

甘公网安备 62010202002827号

本系统由北京玛格泰克科技发展有限公司设计开发