岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 32–43.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260203

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

川东地区下侏罗统陆相页岩岩相组合特征及其成藏条件

余川1,2,3(), 吴晓川1,2(), 汪威1,2,3, 汪生秀1,2,3, 张跃磊1,2,3, 郭东鑫1,2,3, 刘爱华1,2,4   

  1. 1 页岩气勘探开发国家地方联合工程研究中心(重庆地质矿产研究院)重庆 401120
    2 自然资源部页岩气资源勘查重点实验室(重庆地质矿产研究院)重庆 401120
    3 重庆华地资环科技有限公司重庆 401120
    4 中国石化中原油田普光分公司四川 达州 635000
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 修回日期:2025-09-24 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-02-05
  • 第一作者:余川(1985—),男,硕士,正高级工程师,主要从事非常规油气地质勘探方面的研究工作。地址:(401120)重庆市渝北区兰馨大道111号。Email:yuchuan03041512@aliyun.com
  • 通信作者: 吴晓川(1991—),男,博士,高级工程师,主要从事地震地质方面的研究工作。Email:469690078@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    重庆市自然科学基金面上项目“深层页岩孔隙系统差异化发育机制及优质储层预测研究”(cstc2021jcyj-msxmX0624);及重庆市地矿集团矿业基金“陆相页岩油气选区选层关键技术研究”(华油-26-03)

Lithofacies combination characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation condition of lacustrine shale in Lower Jurassic, eastern Sichuan Basin

YU Chuan1,2,3(), WU Xiaochuan1,2(), WANG Wei1,2,3, WANG Shengxiu1,2,3, ZHANG Yuelei1,2,3, GUO Dongxin1,2,3, LIU Aihua1,2,4   

  1. 1 National and Local Joint Engineering Research Center of Shale Gas Exploration and Development (Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources), Chongqing 401120, China
    2 Key Laboratory of Shale Gas Exploration, Ministry of Natural Resources (Chongqing Institute of Geology and Mineral Resources), Chongqing 401120, China
    3 Chongqing Huadi Resources and Environment Technology Co., Ltd., Chongqing 401120, China
    4 Puguang Branch, Sinopec Zhongyuan Oilfield, Dazhou 635000, Sichuan, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Revised:2025-09-24 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-02-05

摘要:

川东地区下侏罗统凉高山组和自流井组湖相暗色泥页岩广泛发育,是页岩油气勘探的重要领域。通过对重点钻井、典型地层剖面进行描述和取样分析测试,开展了陆相页岩岩相组合类型的划分,并对不同岩相页岩的油气成藏条件进行了对比。研究结果表明:①川东地区下侏罗统陆相页岩层系沉积相变快、岩相组合复杂,与下古生界海相页岩相比,前者具有“发育层数多、累积厚度大(40~115 m)、单层厚度小(< 25 m)、连续性较差”的特征。②研究区下侏罗统陆相页岩可划分为硅质页岩、黏土质页岩、介壳灰质页岩等三大类,不同岩相类型的岩性特征差异大,主要受控于其原始沉积环境。③纹层状含碳黏土质页岩和含碳含介壳黏土质页岩的生烃能力及储集性能都相对较好,其有机质类型主要为偏腐泥混合型(Ⅱ1型为主),TOC多在1.2%以上,有机质孔和微裂隙较发育,有效孔隙度多在3.0%以上,具备压裂改造的有利条件,是油气富集成藏的有利岩相类型。④研究区凉高山组页岩油气成藏有利区分布在万州—梁平地区和垫江—丰都地区;自流井组大安寨段油气成藏有利区分布在梁平—开江—万州地区;自流井组东岳庙段油气成藏有利区分布在垫江—梁平—忠县地区。

关键词: 陆相页岩, 生烃能力, 储集性能, 脆性指数, 凉高山组, 自流井组, 下侏罗统, 川东地区

Abstract:

Lower Jurassic Lianggaoshan Formation and Ziliujing Formation lacustrine facies dark mud shales widely develop in eastern Sichuan Basin, making them key fields for shale oil and gas exploration. Through the description and sampling analysis of key drilling and typical stratigraphic profiles, lithofacies combinations of terrestrial shale were classified, and comparative analyses were conducted on reservoir formation conditions of shale oil and gas in different lithofacies. The results show that: (1) Lower Jurassic terrestrial shale series in eastern Sichuan Basin exhibit fast sedimentary facies changes and complex lithofacies combinations. Compared with Lower Paleozoic marine shales, they have geological characteristics of “multiple development layers, large cumulative thickness (40-115 m), small single-layer thickness (< 25 m), poor continuity”. (2) Lower Jurassic continental shale in the study area can be divided into three categories: siliceous shale, clayey shale, and shell calcareous shale. Lithological characteristics of different lithofacies types vary greatly and are mainly controlled by their original sedimentary environment. (3) The hydrocarbon generation capacity and storage performance of laminated carbon-bearing clayey shale and carbon-bearing shell-bearing clayey shale are relatively good, organic types of the shale are mainly mixed type of sapropelic mud (mainly type Ⅱ1), with TOC generally exceeding 1.2%. Organic matter pores and microcracks are well-developed, with effective poro-sity mostly above 3.0%, which have favorable conditions for hydraulic fracturing and transformation, and also are favorable lithofacies types for oil and gas enrichment and accumulation. (4) Favorable areas for shale hydrocarbon accumulation in Lianggaoshan Formation of the study area are distributed in Wanzhou-Liangping area and Dianjiang-Fengdu area. Favorable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation in Da’anzhai section of Ziliujing Formation are distributed in Liangping-Kaijiang-Wanzhou area. Favorable areas for hydrocarbon accumulation in Dongyuemiao section of Ziliujing Formation are distributed in Dianjiang-Liangping-Zhongxian area.

Key words: continental shale, hydrocarbon generation capacity, storage performance, brittleness index, Lianggaoshan Formation, Ziliujing Formation, Lower Jurassic, eastern Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.31

图1

川东地区构造位置(a)及下侏罗统岩性地层柱状图(b)"

图2

川东地区敖家营剖面下侏罗统岩性地层综合柱状图"

图3

川东地区下侏罗统岩石薄片显微照片 (a) 中粒质细粒长石岩屑砂岩,凉高山组,TD021井,深度为1 793.73 m;(b) 含粉砂页岩,凉高山组,敖家营剖面,海拔为621.00 m;(c) 细砂质介壳灰岩,凉高山组,敖家营剖面,海拔为621.00 m;(d) 页岩,发育浅色砂质碎屑纹层,凉高山组,YD003井,深度为2 017.77 m;(e) 含细晶—粉晶介壳灰岩,大安寨段,敖家营剖面,海拔为621.00 m;(f) 含介壳页岩,大安寨段,敖家营剖面,海拔为621.00 m;(g) 含泥介壳灰岩,大安寨段,TD002井,深度为1 483.65 m;(h) 含介壳页岩,大安寨段,LG83井,深度为2 342.07 m;(i) 含粉砂细粒岩屑砂岩,东岳庙段,敖家营剖面,海拔为621.00 m;(j) 含介壳页岩,东岳庙段,敖家营剖面,海拔为621.00 m;(k) 含钙粉砂质细粒岩屑石英砂岩,东岳庙段,FT1井,深度为1 847.72 m;(l) 含介壳页岩,东岳庙段,MX001井,深度为1 849.15 m。"

图4

川东地区下侏罗统硅质岩相组合代表岩心及薄片显微照片 (a) 硅质页岩岩心,凉高山组,TD021井,1 796.40 m;(b) 硅质页岩薄片,凉高山组,TD021井,1 796.40 m;(c) 含碳硅质页岩岩心,凉高山组,YD003井,2 015.25 m;(d) 含碳硅质页岩薄片,凉高山组,YD003井,2 015.25 m;(e) 含介壳硅质页岩岩心,大安寨段,TD002井,1 495.59 m;(f) 含介壳硅质页岩薄片,大安寨段,TD002井,1 495.59 m;(g) 含碳含介壳硅质页岩岩心,东岳庙段,MX001井,1 855.85 m;(h) 含碳含介壳硅质页岩薄片,东岳庙段,MX001井,1 855.85 m。"

图5

川东地区下侏罗统陆相暗色泥页岩TOC分布特征"

图6

川东地区下侏罗统黏土质岩相组合的岩心及薄片显微照片 (a) 黏土质页岩岩心,大安寨段,TD021井,1 987.00 m;(b) 黏土质页岩薄片,大安寨段,TD021井,1 987.00 m;(c) 含碳黏土质页岩岩心,凉高山组,YD003井,2 017.77 m;(d) 含碳黏土质页岩薄片,凉高山组,YD003井,2 017.77 m;(e) 含介壳黏土质页岩岩心,大安寨段,TD007井,1 179.30 m;(f) 含介壳黏土质页岩薄片,大安寨段,TD007井,1 179.30 m;(g) 含碳含介壳黏土质页岩岩心,大安寨段,FT1井,1 724.12 m;(h) 含碳含介壳黏土质页岩薄片,大安寨段,FT1井,1 724.12 m。"

图7

川东地区下侏罗统介壳灰质岩相组合的岩心及薄片显微照片 (a) 介壳灰质页岩岩心,大安寨段,TD007井,1 166.00 m;(b) 介壳灰质页岩薄片,大安寨段,TD007井,1 166.00 m;(c) 含碳介壳灰质页岩岩心,大安寨段,FT1井,1 729.93 m;(d) 含碳介壳灰质页岩薄片,大安寨段,FT1井,1 729.93 m。"

图8

川东地区下侏罗统5种含碳页岩岩相中干酪根显微组分 (a) 含碳黏土质页岩,凉高山组,YA002井,1 654.00 m;(b) 含碳含介壳黏土质页岩,大安寨段,LG83井,2 312.30 m;(c) 含碳含介壳黏土质页岩,东岳庙段,SF1井,1 970.00 m;(d) 含碳介壳灰质页岩,大安寨段,FT1井,1 724.12 m;(e) 含碳含介壳硅质页岩,东岳庙段,FT1井,1 837.12 m;(f) 含碳硅质页岩,凉高山组,YD003井,2 017.77 m。"

图9

川东地区下侏罗统5种含碳页岩岩相中TOC含量分布特征"

图10

川东地区下侏罗统5种含碳页岩岩相中有效孔隙度分布特征"

图11

川东地区下侏罗统页岩储集空间类型 (a) 有机质孔隙,大安寨段,YA012井,深度为2 471.33 m;(b) 矿物质粒间孔隙,凉高山组,敖家营剖面,海拔621.00 m;(c) 黏土矿物层间孔隙,东岳庙段,FT1井,深度为1 839.45 m;(d) 有机质孔隙、有机质与矿物质之间的孔隙,凉高山组,敖家营剖面,海拔621.00 m;(e) 黏土矿物层间孔隙,大安寨段,YT1井,深度为2 302.58 m;(f) 纹层理之间的微裂缝,大安寨段,FT1井,深度为1 730.60 m;(g) 有机质纹层与矿物质纹层之间的微裂隙,大安寨段,FT1井,深度为1 724.12 m;(h) 碳酸盐矿物溶蚀孔隙,大安寨段,敖家营剖面,海拔621.00 m;(i) 黄铁矿晶间孔隙,大安寨段,YT1井,深度为2 302.58 m。"

图12

川东地区下侏罗统5种含碳页岩岩相的脆性指数分布特征"

图13

川东地区下侏罗统含碳页岩的沉积构造 (a) 含碳硅质页岩,呈块状构造,层理不发育,凉高山组,TD109井,1 328.90 m;(b) 含碳硅质页岩,发育砂质条带和纹层,凉高山组,YT1井,2 165.14 m;(c) 含碳含介壳硅质页岩,呈厚层状构造,层理不发育,东岳庙段,YT1井,2 446.01 m;(d) 含碳黏土质页岩,发育砂质纹层,凉高山组,YD003井,2 015.25 m;(e) 含碳含介壳黏土质页岩,发育介壳纹层,东岳庙段,FT1井,1 835.86 m;(f) 含碳含介壳黏土质页岩,发育介壳纹层,东岳庙段,MX001井,1 864.00 m;(g) 含碳介壳灰质页岩,呈块状构造,介壳密集杂乱分布,大安寨段,FT1井,1 729.93 m;(h) 含碳介壳灰质页岩,呈块状构造,介壳密集杂乱分布,大安寨段,YT1井,2 436.76 m。"

表1

川东地区下侏罗统5种含碳页岩岩相的参数对比及储层综合评价"

岩相类型 TOC/% 有机质类型 孔隙度/% 沉积构造 脆性指数 储集性能综合评价
含碳硅质页岩 0.52~1.66/0.84 0.98~4.05/2.11 厚层—块状 0.44~0.59/0.51 较差
含碳含介壳硅质页岩 0.52~1.73/0.94 0.68~2.08/1.60 厚层—块状 0.46~0.60/0.51 较差
含碳黏土质页岩 0.68~3.56/1.67 1 0.81~5.89/4.06 细纹层状 0.25~0.46/0.36 较好
含碳含介壳黏土质页岩 0.84~2.11/1.40 2 1.09~6.81/3.81 介壳纹层状 0.30~0.46/0.37 较好
含碳介壳灰质页岩 0.51~1.41/0.97 2 1.01~2.52/1.69 块状 0.40~0.46/0.43 一般

图14

川东地区下侏罗统陆相页岩油气成藏有利区"

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