岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 176–184.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250316

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

灰岩倾斜微裂缝对横波衰减影响的实验

周庆文1,2, 伍东3, 蔡明1,2, 章成广1,2, 陈渊博4, 林旺3, 张远君1,2, 李治1,2   

  1. 1. 油气资源与勘探技术教育部重点实验室(长江大学), 武汉 430100;
    2. 长江大学 地球物理与石油资源学院, 武汉 430100;
    3. 中国石油集团工程技术研究院有限公司 信息中心, 北京 102206;
    4. 中国石化西北油田分公司 采油一厂, 新疆 轮台 841604
  • 收稿日期:2024-07-23 修回日期:2024-09-04 发布日期:2025-05-10
  • 第一作者:周庆文（1999—），男，长江大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为地球物理测井。地址：（430100）湖北省武汉市蔡甸区蔡甸街大学路111号长江大学地球物理与石油资源学院。Email：13197248211@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 蔡明（1986—），男，博士，副教授，主要从事声波测井原理及信号处理方法与应用方面的科研与教学工作。Email：caiming@yangtzeu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“致密储层裂缝有效性的双尺度声波测井评价方法研究”（编号：42104126）、“复杂裂缝介质多尺度声波测井响应机理实验及智能评价方法研究”（编号：42474177）和中国石油科技创新基金“超深裂缝型各向异性地层声波测井响应机理实验研究”（编号：2022DQ02-0301）联合资助。

Influence of inclined micro-fractures on shearwave attenuation in limestone

ZHOU Qingwen1,2, WU Dong3, CAI Ming1,2, ZHANG Chengguang1,2, CHEN Yuanbo4, LIN Wang3, ZHANG Yuanjun1,2, LI Zhi1,2   

  1. 1. Key Laboratory of Exploration Technologies for Oil and Gas Resources, Ministry of Education(Yangtze University), Wuhan 430100, China;
    2. College of Geophysics and Petroleum Resources, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;
    3. Information Center, Engineering Technology R & D Company Limited, CNPC, Beijing 102206, China;
    4. No. 1 Oil Production Plant, Northwest Oilfield Company, SINOPEC, Luntai 841604, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2024-07-23 Revised:2024-09-04 Published:2025-05-10

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摘要： 针对灰岩储层微裂缝精细评价难题，基于声传播原理，开展了不同裂缝条件（裂缝倾角、裂缝张开度）下的声波物理实验，建立了灰岩裂缝参数表征模型，定量分析了裂缝倾角、裂缝张开度对横波衰减的影响，并将模型在渤海湾盆地曹妃甸地区古近系沙河街组一段进行了应用。研究结果表明：①灰岩储层微裂缝岩心声波物理实验设计了0，25°，40°，55°和70°等5组不同倾角的人造裂缝岩心；以25 μm，50 μm，100 μm，150 μm，200 μm，300 μm，400 μm，500 μm和1 000 μm共9张PET薄膜作为9种不同的裂缝张开度；维持声波频率为250 kHz，对5组岩心分别测量9个裂缝张开度条件下的横波波形，每组实验都连续采集32道波形数据，通过噪声滤除程序对32道波形滤波并叠加得到效果最佳波形信号。②实验结果显示，横波衰减受裂缝影响大，衰减趋势随裂缝张开度增大而减小，衰减系数随着裂缝张开度的增大呈对数规律增大，当裂缝张开度小于等于300 μm时，衰减系数的变化更敏感；裂缝张开度相同条件下，裂缝倾角为0～40°时，横波衰减系数随裂缝倾角的增大而减小，而当裂缝倾角大于40°时，衰减系数随裂缝倾角的增大而增大。③基于实验得到裂缝倾角θ分别为0，25°，40°，55°和70°时，衰减系数α与裂缝张开度w的表征模型α=c ln w+b（式中c，b为常数），当θ为0～40°时，常数cc逐渐减小，分别为1.990 4，1.613 3和0.932 2；当θ为55°～70°时，常数c逐渐上升，分别为1.375 1和1.380 1。④利用裂缝参数表征模型计算的渤海湾盆地曹妃甸地区古近系沙河街组一段裂缝张开度与电成像测井得到的裂缝张开度相对误差为4.57%，平均绝对误差为5.5 μm，吻合度较高。

关键词: 岩石物理实验, 横波衰减, 裂缝倾角, 裂缝张开度, 裂缝参数反演模型, 阵列声波测井, 灰岩, 沙河街组一段, 曹妃甸地区

Abstract: To solve the problem of fine evaluation of microfractures in limestone reservoirs，based on the prin‐ciple of acoustic propagation，acoustic physical experiments were carried out under different fracture conditions （fracture dip angle and fracture aperture），and a characterization model of fracture parameters was established to quantitatively analyze the effects of fracture inclination and fracture opening on shear wave attenuation. The model has been applied to the first member of the Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Caofeidian area，Bohai Bay Basin. The experimental results show that：（1）Five groups of artificial fracture cores with different inclinations， including 0，25°，40°，55° and 70°，are designed in the acoustic physics experiment of microfracture cores in limestone reservoirs. 9 PET films of 25 μm，50 μm，100 μm，150 μm，200 μm，300 μm，400 μm，500 μm and 1 000 μm were used as 9 different fracture aperture degrees. The acoustic wave frequency was maintained at 250 kHz，and the transverse wave waveform under 9 fracture aperture conditions was measured for 5 groups of cores respectively. 32 channels of waveform data were continuously collected for each group of experiments，and the optimal waveform signal was obtained by filtering 32 channels of waveform through noise filtering program and superposition.（2）The acoustic physical test results show that the shear wave attenuation is greatly affected by fractures，and the attenuation trend gradually slows down with the increase of fracture aperture. The attenuation coefficient increases logarithmically with the increase of fracture aperture. When the fracture aperture is less than or equal to 300μm，the attenuation coefficient is more sensitive. Under the condition of the same fracture aperture degree，the shear wave attenuation coefficient decreases with the increase of fracture dip angle when the fracture dip angle is 0-40°，and increases with the increase of fracture dip angle when the fracture dip angle is greater than 40°.（3）The fracture parameter characterization model（Formula 3）is obtained based on the core physical experiment.（4）The relative error of fracture opening degree obtained by the fracture parameter characterization model in the first member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Caofeidian area of Bohai Bay Basin is 4.57% and the mean absolute deviation is 18.9 μm，indicating a high agreement.

Key words: rock physics experiment, shear wave attenuation, fracture dip angle, fracture aperture, fracture parameters inversion model, array sonic log, limestone, the first member of Shahejie Formation, Caofeidian area

中图分类号: 

  • P631.8
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