岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 12–22.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260402

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组低幅生物礁沉积模式与精细刻画

王铮1(), 徐守成1,2(), 胡修权2, 凌航1, 涂文茂3, 周月1, 张小青1, 孙文娜4   

  1. 1 中国石油化工股份有限公司西南油气分公司 勘探开发研究院, 成都 610041
    2 成都理工大学能源学院(页岩气现代产业学院), 成都 610059
    3 中国石油化工股份有限公司石油工程地球物理有限公司 南方分公司, 成都 610213
    4 山东能源集团有限公司 兖矿国宏化工有限公司, 山东 济宁 273500
  • 收稿日期:2026-01-20 修回日期:2026-03-16 出版日期:2026-07-01 发布日期:2026-07-06
  • 第一作者:王铮（1996—），男，硕士，助理研究员，主要从事地震资料解释及储层预测研究方面的工作。地址：（610041）四川省成都市高新区吉泰路688号。Email:wz13151767275@163.com。
  • 通信作者: 徐守成
  • 基金资助:
    中国石化西南油气分公司项目“元坝长兴组气藏剩余气潜力评价研究”(KJ-798-2409)

Sedimentary models and fine characterization of subtle organic reefs in Permian Changxing Formation, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin

WANG Zheng1(), XU Shoucheng1,2(), HU Xiuquan2, LING Hang1, TU Wenmao3, ZHOU Yue1, ZHANG Xiaoqing1, SUN Wenna4   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, Sinopec Southwest Oil & Gasfield Company, Chengdu 610041, China
    2 College of Energy (College of Modern Shale Gas Industry), Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
    3 South Branch, Sinopec Geophysical Corporation, Chengdu 610213, China
    4 Yankuang Guohong Chemical Co., Ltd., Shandong Energy Group Co., Ltd., Jining 273500, Shandong, China
  • Received:2026-01-20 Revised:2026-03-16 Online:2026-07-01 Published:2026-07-06
  • Contact: XU Shoucheng E-mail:wz13151767275@163.com;xushoucheng2@163.com

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摘要：

结合钻井、测井、地震等资料，对四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组低幅生物礁上覆富铀层的铀元素分布规律与富集机制进行了系统分析，建立了上覆富铀层低幅生物礁“缺氧封存型”沉积模式；以该沉积模式为指导，构建了“地震目标处理—富铀层约束—精细刻画”一体化技术体系，实现了对该类生物礁的精细表征，并预测了该类礁体的有利开发区。研究结果表明：①元坝地区长兴组上段依据铀的纵向分布特征，可划分为稳定型、顶部富集型、整体富集型3类模式，其中顶部富集型是识别低幅生物礁体的关键标志；“缺氧封存型”沉积模式为,长兴组沉积晚期，台缘礁带的障壁作用导致其后侧形成局限缺氧环境，礁体生长停滞并被富铀层覆盖，构成“富铀层—低幅礁体”垂向结构。②“地震目标处理—富铀层约束—精细刻画”一体化技术体系是通过地质目标驱动的地震处理提升成像质量，利用铀富集分布特征聚焦目标区，再结合正演模拟建立低幅生物礁地震识别模式，实现礁体空间形态精细刻画；该技术体系刻画的低幅生物礁的平面分布特征为，背海侧的W104—W11井区及W123井以北区域，礁体发育相对集中，且规模较大，单礁面积为0.36~1.25 km2，而向台内礁体更分散，规模较小，单礁面积小于0.40 km2。③针对研究区上覆富铀层低幅生物礁体实施的首口井W102-4H，测试获天然气产量为65.50×104 m3/d，计算无阻流量为265.12×104 m3/d；W104井南、W11井南等也是低幅生物礁的有利目标点，预计产气量大于100.00×104 m3/d。

关键词: 上覆富铀层低幅生物礁, 台缘礁, 铀富集, 地震处理, 古地貌恢复, 长兴组中—晚期, 二叠系, 元坝地区, 四川盆地

Abstract:

Based on drilling, logging, and seismic data, distribution patterns and enrichment mechanisms of uranium in the overlying uranium-rich layers of subtle organic reefs in Permian Changxing Formation of Yuanba area in Sichuan Basin，were systematically analyzed. An “anoxic sealed” sedimentary model for overlying uranium-rich layers of subtle organic reefs was established. Guided by the model, an integrated technical system of “seismic target processing-uranium-rich layer constraint-fine characterization” was constructed, which achieved the detailed characterization of such reefs and predicted favorable development areas. The results show that: （1） Based on the vertical distribution of uranium content, the upper Changxing Formation in Yuanba area can be divided into three types, such as stable, top-enriched, and overall-enriched, among which the top-enriched type is the key indicator for identifying subtle organic reefs. Under the guidance of “anoxic sealed” sedimentary model, during the late depositional stage of Changxing Formation， the barrier effect of the platform-margin reef belt generated restricted anoxic environment in its back-reef area, reefs growth ceased and reefs were subsequently capped by uranium-rich layers, forming the vertical architecture of “uranium-rich layer-subtle reef ”. （2） The integrated “seismic target processing-uranium-rich layer constraint-fine characterization” technical system improves imaging quality through geological target-driven seismic processing, uses uranium enrichment distribution to focus on target areas, and then establishes a subtle organic reef seismic identification model combined with forward modeling, achieving fine characterization of the spatial morphology of reefs. According to the plane distribution characteristics of subtle organic reefs characterized by the integrated technical system, subtle organic reefs are relatively concentrated and larger in scale in W104-W11 well area and north of well W123 on the landward side, with individual reef areas of 0.36-1.25 km2. In contrast, reefs are more scattered and smaller in scale towards the inner platform, with individual reef areas less than 0.40 km2. （3） For the first well W102-4H drilled on the subtle organic reefs in the uranium-rich overlayer of the study area, tested natural gas production reached 65.50×104 m3/d, with calculated open-flow capacity of 265.12×104 m3/d. The south of well W104 and well W11 are also favorable targets for subtle organic reefs, with an estimated gas production excee-ding 100.00×104 m3/d.

Key words: subtle organic reefs overlain by uranium-rich layers, platform-margin reefs, uranium enrichment, seismic processing, paleogeomorphology restoration, middle-late Changxing Formation, Permian, Yuanba area, Sichuan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组沉积相平面展布（a）（据文献[24]修改）及岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组铀含量曲线连井对比及铀含量平面分布"

图3

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组连井沉积相对比（剖面位置见图1a）"

图4

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组“缺氧封存型”低幅生物礁沉积模式"

图5

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组低幅生物礁地震资料处理前（a）、后（b）对比及频谱分析"

图6

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组3类铀纵向分布模式典型地震剖面"

图7

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组及上覆三叠系飞仙关组典型岩性镜下特征 (a) 粉晶白云岩，茜素红染色，W10井，长兴组顶部，6 818 m，单偏光；(b) 微晶灰岩，茜素红染色，W10井，飞仙关组一段下部，6 780 m，单偏光；(c) 微晶生屑灰岩，W104井，长兴组顶部，6 680 m，单偏光；(d) 含泥微晶灰岩，W104井，飞仙关组一段下部，6 632 m，单偏光；(e) 含生屑微晶灰岩，茜素红染色，W122井，长兴组顶部，6 630 m，单偏光；(f) 泥质微晶灰岩，W122井，飞仙关组一段下部，6 616 m，单偏光。"

图8

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组顶界振幅属性平面分布"

图9

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组低幅生物礁地质模型正演（a）与地震剖面（b）"

图10

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组低幅生物礁古地貌分布"

图11

四川盆地元坝地区W102-4H井井轨迹钻遇二叠系长兴组低幅生物礁设计图（剖面位置见图1a）"

图12

四川盆地元坝地区二叠系长兴组低幅生物礁有利区分布"

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