岩性油气藏 ›› 2021, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 63–73.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20210306

• 油气地质 • 上一篇    下一篇

柴达木盆地西部始新统湖相微生物岩沉积特征——以西岔沟和梁东地区下干柴沟组为例

李翔1,2, 王建功1,2, 李飞3, 王玉林1, 伍坤宇3,4, 李亚锋4, 李显明4   

  1. 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 西北分院, 兰州 730020;
    2. 中国石油集团油藏描述重点实验室, 兰州 730020;
    3. 西南石油大学 地球科学与技术学院, 成都 610500;
    4. 中国石油青海油田分公司 勘探开发研究院, 甘肃 敦煌 736200
  • 收稿日期:2020-06-25 修回日期:2020-10-18 发布日期:2021-06-03
  • 第一作者:李翔（1990—），男，硕士，工程师，主要从事地质综合评价方面研究工作。地址：（730020）甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号。Email：lixiang1990@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油股份有限公司重大科技专项“柴达木盆地建设高原大油气田勘探开发关键技术研究与应用”（编号：2016E-03）资助

Sedimentary characteristics of Eocene lacustrine microbialites in western Qaidam Basin: A case study from Xiaganchaigou Formation in Xichagou and Liangdong areas

LI Xiang1,2, WANG Jiangong1,2, LI Fei3, WANG Yulin1, WU Kunyu3,4, LI Yafeng4, LI Xianming4   

  1. 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. Key Laboratory of Reservoir Description, CNPC, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    3. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    4. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China
  • Received:2020-06-25 Revised:2020-10-18 Published:2021-06-03

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摘要： 柴达木盆地是研究新生代湖相碳酸盐岩特别是湖相微生物岩的一个极佳场所。柴西始新统下干柴沟组是少见的发育规模大、产出类型多、与油气关系密切的一套湖相微生物岩发育层组。根据野外露头的岩心观察、薄片鉴定、扫描电镜、电子探针以及激光共聚焦等分析，对柴达木盆地西岔沟和梁东地区始新统下干柴沟组上段微生物岩进行了宏观到微观特征的精细解剖。结果表明：该套微生物岩形成于快速湖侵阶段，整体发育于砂砾岩、粉砂岩等硬质基底之上，晚期受湖盆萎缩影响发生消亡。湖相微生物岩类型包括凝块石、叠层石以及两者交替发育的复合类型，横向延伸较远，出露可达数千米。其他碳酸盐颗粒还包括球粒、鲕粒、介屑和集合粒。凝块石镜下主要为具凝块结构的隐晶质黏结格架，含有丰富的生物碎屑和少量鲕粒和球粒等。叠层石呈缓波状，具有非常典型的明暗相间的纹层。柴达木盆地西部始新统微生物岩主要发育于浅湖高能环境、深水低能隆起以及低能断阶带。该成果能够为为柴达木盆地新生代油气勘探提供一定参考。

关键词: 湖相微生物岩, 凝块石, 叠层石, 球粒, 鲕粒, 始新统, 柴达木盆地西部

Abstract: Qaidam Basin is an excellent site to study Cenozoic lacustrine carbonate rocks，especially lacustrine microbialites. The Eocene Xiaganchaigou Formation in western Qaidam Basin contains a set of large-scale lacustrine microbialites with a close relationship with hydrocarbon resources. Based on core observation，thin section identification，scanning electron microscope，electron probe microanalysis and laser confocal analysis of outcrops， the macroscopic to microscopic characteristics of microbialites of the upper Xiaganchaigou Formation of Eocene （E32）in Xichagou and Liangdong areas of Qaidam Basin were dissected. The results show that this set of microbiolites mainly formed in the rapid lacustrine transgression stage，and developed on the hard basement such as conglomerate and siltstone，and died out in the late period due to the shrinkage of the lake basin. The lacustrine microbialites are composed of thrombolites，stromatolites and their alternating compound types，which have large lateral distribution and the outcrop can reach several kilometers. Other carbonate particles include peloids， ooids，biodetritus and aggregate grains. Microscopically，the thrombolites are characterized by cryptocrystalline cohesive framework with clotted structure，containing abundant bioclasts and a small amount of ooids and peloids between the frameworks. Stromatolite shows slow undulant laminae. The microbialites in the western Qaidam Basin are mainly developed in high energy shallow water，low energy deep water uplifts and low energy fault zone. The research results can provide a reference for Cenozoic hydrocarbon exploration in Qaidam Basin.

Key words: lacustrine microbialite, thrombolite, stromatolite, peloid, ooid, Eocene, western Qaidam Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2
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