岩性油气藏 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 1–14.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20240201

• 新能源与伴生资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

全球天然氢气勘探开发利用进展及中国的勘探前景

窦立荣1, 刘化清1, 李博1, 齐雯1, 孙东1, 尹路1, 韩双彪2   

  1. 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083;
    2. 中国矿业大学(北京)地球科学与测绘工程学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2023-11-01 修回日期:2023-11-12 出版日期:2024-03-01 发布日期:2024-03-06
  • 第一作者:窦立荣（1965—），男，博士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事全球油气资源评价与海外重点领域油气勘探关键技术研究。地址： （100083）北京市海淀区学院路20号。Email：dlirong@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 通信作者: 李博（1993—），男，博士，工程师，主要从事油气伴生资源勘探与评价技术研究。Emali：libo618@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“特提斯演化控制下的油气差异富集机理与勘探领域”（编号：92255302）和中国石油集团公司科技重大专项“海外油气地质新理论资源评价新技术与超前选区研究”（编号：2023ZZ07）联合资助。

Global natural hydrogen exploration and development situation and prospects in China

DOU Lirong1, LIU Huaqing1, LI Bo1, QI Wen1, SUN Dong1, YIN Lu1, HAN Shuangbiao2   

  1. 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. College of Geoscience and Surveying Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2023-11-01 Revised:2023-11-12 Online:2024-03-01 Published:2024-03-06

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摘要： 在全球能源脱碳背景下，天然氢气作为一种一次能源，因其零碳、可再生的优点而备受关注，但中国目前还未开展专门针对天然氢气的勘探工作。通过介绍全球已知高含量天然氢气（体积分数大于10%）气藏的主要形成地质环境及成因类型，系统总结了天然氢气富集的有利地质条件，并结合国外天然氢气的勘探开发现状，评价了中国天然氢气的勘探前景。研究结果表明：①全球高含量天然氢气主要发育于蛇绿岩带、裂谷和前寒武系富铁地层中，且以无机成因为主，富铁矿物的蛇纹石化过程是天然氢气最主要的成因来源，其次为地球深部脱气和水的辐解。②优质的氢源与良好的运移通道是氢气富集的前提，而盖层的封盖能力是天然氢气能否成藏的关键要素；天然氢气作为伴生气时，传统盖层对其具备封盖能力，但当其含量较高时，传统盖层可能难以形成有效封盖；裂谷环境、蛇绿岩发育区以及断裂发育的前寒武系富铁地层是富氢气藏的勘探有利区。③国外多个国家和地区已制定了天然氢气的勘探开发和利用计划，其中，马里已实现天然氢气的商业开采，美国、澳大利亚也已成功钻探天然氢气勘探井。④中国高含量氢气区与富氢地质条件高度匹配，天然氢气勘探前景良好，郯庐断裂带及周缘裂陷盆地区、阿尔金断裂带及两侧盆地区、三江构造带—龙门山断裂带及周缘盆地区的天然氢气勘探潜力较大；中国应尽快开展天然氢气普查工作，加强氢气成藏过程研究和潜力评价，并进行勘探技术、开采分离技术和储运技术的攻关，为天然氢气的大规模开发利用做好技术储备。

关键词: 新能源, 天然氢气, 无机成因, 地球深部脱气, 水辐解, 蛇绿岩带, 裂谷, 前寒武系富铁地层, 郯庐断裂带, 阿尔金断裂带, 三江构造带—龙门山断裂带

Abstract: With the decarbonization of energy worldwide，natural hydrogen，as a primary energy，has gained widespread interest for its carbon-free emission and renewability. However，natural hydrogen has not yet to be explored in China. Through the review of the main geological settings and genesis of natural hydrogen with a high content（greater than 10%）discovered worldwide，the beneficial geological factors for natural hydrogen accumulation were systematically summarized，and the exploration prospects of natural hydrogen in China were evaluated based on the exploration and development status of natural hydrogen abroad. The results show that：（1）Global high content natural hydrogen is mainly developed in ophiolite belts，rift valley，and Precambrian iron-rich strata，mainly inorganic genesis，and the serpentinization process of iron-rich minerals is the most critical source of natural hydrogen，followed by degassing in the deep earth and water radiolysis.（2）High-quality hydrogen sources and good migration channels are the prerequisites for hydrogen enrichment，and the sealing ability of the cap rocks is a key element for the formation of natural hydrogen reservoirs. When natural hydrogen is used as associated gas，the traditional cap rocks can seal it，but may be difficult to form effective sealing when its content is high. The rift valley environment，ophiolite development areas，and the fracture-developed Precambrian iron-rich strata are the favorable areas for the exploration of hydrogen-rich gas reservoirs.（3）Many countries and regions abroad have formulated plans to explore，develop，and utilize natural hydrogen. Mali has realized commercial exploita‐tion of natural hydrogen，and the United States and Australia have also successfully drilled natural hydrogen ex‐ploration wells.（4）The areas with high hydrogen content in China are highly compatible with hydrogen-rich geological conditions，and the prospects of natural hydrogen exploration are good. The Tan-Lu fault zone and the peripheral rift basin areas，the Altyn fault zone and the basin areas on both sides，and the Sanjiang orogenic beltLongmenshan fault zone and peripheral basin areas have great natural hydrogen exploration potential. China should carry out the survey work of natural hydrogen as soon as possible，strengthen the research on hydrogen reservoir accumulation process and potential evaluation，and carry out research on exploration technology，ex‐traction and separation technology，and storage and transportation technology，to prepare technological reserves for large-scale development and utilization of natural hydrogen.

Key words: renewable energy, natural hydrogen, inorganic genesis, degassing in the deep earth, water radiolysis, ophiolite belt, rift valley, Precambrian iron-rich strata, Tan-Lu fault zone, Altyn fault zone, Sanjiang orogenic belt-Longmenshan fault zone

中图分类号: 

  • P618.13
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