岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 136–148.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260513

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

火山岩储层孔隙结构特征评价方法及应用——以准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系为例

宋玉麟1(), 付健1(), 徐一帆1, 韩俊伟2, 黄诚2, 周华锋2, 杨小凡2   

  1. 1 东北石油大学 地球科学学院， 黑龙江 大庆 163318
    2 中国石油新疆油田公司采油一厂， 新疆 克拉玛依 834000
  • 收稿日期:2026-03-25 修回日期:2026-04-22 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
  • 第一作者:宋玉麟（2002—），女，东北石油大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为地质资源与地质工程。地址：（163318）黑龙江省大庆市龙凤区高新技术产业开发区学府街199号。Email：1061161348@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 付健
  • 基金资助:
    海南省重点研发计划项目“白云凹陷深部热成因烃气对神狐海域海底天然气水合物贡献研究”(ZDYF2023GXJS021)

Evaluation methods and applications of pore structure characteristics in volcanic rock reservoirs：A case study of Carboniferous in the northern section of Hongche fault zone， Junggar Basin

SONG Yulin1(), FU Jian1(), XU Yifan1, HAN Junwei2, HUANG Cheng2, ZHOU Huafeng2, YANG Xiaofan2   

  1. 1 School of Earth Sciences, Northeast Petroleum University, Daqing 163318, Heilongjiang, China
    2 No. 1 Oil Production Plant, PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 834000, Xinjiang, China
  • Received:2026-03-25 Revised:2026-04-22 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04
  • Contact: FU Jian E-mail:1061161348@qq.com;fujian287@gmail.com

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摘要：

以准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系火山岩储层为例，对火山岩岩性、物性、储集空间类型进行了分析；依据毛管压力曲线特征，对孔隙结构进行了划分，并引入孔隙大小分布指数（λ），实现了孔隙结构的定量表征，明确了λ对油水两相相对渗透率、油气充注效率的控制作用；通过相关性筛选最优测井敏感参数，结合线性拟合与 Powell 算法优化建模，构建λ测井定量预测方法，并应用于研究区储层评价。研究结果表明：①红车断裂带北段石炭系火山岩主要发育玄武岩、安山岩、凝灰岩、火山角砾岩及火山碎屑沉积岩，整体为中—低孔、低渗储层，孔渗相关性较差；储集空间为次生孔隙和裂缝构成的孔缝复合型系统。②研究区火山岩储层孔隙结构可分为3类，Ⅰ类毛管压力曲线呈缓坡型，以火山角砾岩为主，孔隙结构、渗流性能最好；Ⅲ类毛管压力曲线呈陡坡型，以玄武岩和安山岩为主，储集性能最差；Ⅱ类介于第Ⅰ与第Ⅲ类之间，以凝灰岩和火山碎屑沉积岩为主；3类储层λ值依次减小，孔隙均一程度逐渐降低。③λ值可定量表征孔隙大小的均一程度与流体可动性，其值越大，孔隙均一程度越高、孔隙结构越好，储层渗流性能及油气充注效率越高。④λ多参数预测公式精度可靠，平均相对误差仅0.13，实井验证预测λ值对储层的评价结果，与气测、试油结论吻合度高。

关键词: 孔隙结构, 火山岩储层, 孔隙大小分布指数, 两相渗流特征, 储层评价, 多参数拟合, 石炭系, 红车断裂带, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract:

Taking Carboniferous volcanic reservoir in the northern section of Hongche fault zone in Junggar Basin as an example， the volcanic lithology， physical properties and reservoir space types were analyzed. The pore structure was classified based on the capillary pressure curve characteristics， and the pore size distribution index （λ） was introduced to achieve quantitative characterization of the pore structure. The control effect of λ on the relative permeability of oil-water two-phase and hydrocarbon charging efficiency was clarified. By screening the optimal logging sensitive parameters through correlation， combining linear fitting and Powell algorithm optimization modeling， a quantitative logging prediction method for λ was constructed and applied to reservoir evaluation in the study area.The results show that：（1） Carboniferous volcanic rocks in the northern section of Hongche fault zone are mainly composed of basalt， andesite， tuff， volcanic breccia and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks. The overall reservoir is medium-low porosity and low-permeability， with poor porosity-permeability correlation， and the reservoir space is a composite pore-fracture system consisting of secondary pores and fractures. The storage space is a pore fracture composite system composed of secondary pores and fractures.（2） The pore structures of volcanic reservoirs in the study area can be classified as three types：Type Ⅰ capillary pressure curve shows a gentle-slope， and is dominated by volcanic breccia， with the best pore structure and seepage performance. Type Ⅲ capillary pressure curve exhibits a steep-slope， and is mainly composed of basalt and andesite， with the poorest reservoir physical properties. And Type Ⅱ is intermediate between Type Ⅰ and Type Ⅲ， is dominated by tuff and volcaniclastic sedimentary rocks.The λ values of three types of reservoirs decrease sequentially， and the homogeneity degree of pores declines gradually. （3） The λ values can quantitatively characterize the homogeneity degree of pore size and fluid mobility. A larger λ value indicates higher pore homogeneity， better pore structure， superior reservoir seepage performance and higher hydrocarbon charging efficiency. （4） The multi-parameter prediction formula for λ has reliable accuracy， with an average relative error of merely 0.13. The reservoir evaluation results obtained from predicted λ values of actual wells are highly consistent with the conclusions of gas logging and oil testing.

Key words: pore structure, volcanic reservoir, pore size distribution index, two-phase seepage characteristics, reservoir evaluation, multi-parameter fitting, Carboniferous, Hongche fault zone, Junggar Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE3112

图1

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带构造位置（a）与石炭系岩性地层综合柱状图（b）"

图2

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系火山岩岩性特征 （a） 玄武岩，JL121井，2 855.78 m；（b） 安山岩，JL10井，3 085.00 m；（c） 英安岩，JL103井，3 171.30 m；（d） 火山角砾岩，C253井，1 089.32 m；（e） 凝灰岩，H181井，1 841.64 m；（f） 火山碎屑沉积岩中凝灰质含砾岩屑砂岩，C435井，1 615.50 m；（g） 火山碎屑沉积岩中凝灰质含砂砾岩，C435井，1 661.83 m；（h） 沉凝灰岩，HS5井，1 975.71 m。"

图3

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系火山岩储层不同岩性含油气性统计"

图4

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系火山岩储层物性特征 注：N为样品数，个。"

图5

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系火山岩储层储集空间特征 （a） 气孔，H053井，2 865.91 m；（b） 粒间孔，JI206井，1 711.60 m；（c）晶内溶孔，C253井，1 089.69 m；（d） 基质溶孔，C236井，1 418.42 m；（e） 粒间溶孔，J206井，1 632.18 m；（f） 构造缝，C231井，1 434.30 m。"

图6

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系3类储层压汞毛管压力曲线及孔喉半径分布特征"

图7

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系储层毛管压力-归一化湿相饱和度相关性"

图8

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系储层不同孔隙大小分布指数（λ）下两相相对渗流特征"

表1

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系储层COMSOL仿真模拟设定数据"

地层特征 断层倾角/（°） 断层宽度/m 地层厚度/m 断层渗透率/mD 地层渗透率/mD 地层孔隙度/% 模拟时长/d
背斜地层，
末端尖灭		 60 2.0 8.0~10.0 0.2 0.2 15.0 600×104

图9

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系储层不同孔隙大小分布指数（λ）下含油饱和度空间分布（a）及油气充注动态模拟曲线（b）"

表2

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系储层孔隙大小分布指数（λ）与测井参数Pearson相关性"

参数 与λ的Pearson相关系数 显著性P 值
λ 1.000 —
SP/mV 0.401** 0.001
GR/API 0.550** 0.000
AC/（μs·m-1） -0.356** 0.005
CNL/% -0.529** 0

图10

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系储层孔隙大小分布指数（λ）与测井参数的相关性 注：N为样品数，个。"

图11

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系孔隙大小分布指数（λ）实测值与预测值对比 注：N为样品数，个。"

表3

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系3类储层孔隙大小分布指数（λ）界限划分"

储层类型 孔隙度/% 渗透率/mD λ
Ⅰ ≥ 12 ≥ 5 0.43~1.32
Ⅱ 5~< 12 1~< 5 0.31~1.01
Ⅲ < 5 < 1 0.32~0.84

图12

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段C210井（a）与C222井（b）石炭系测井解释"

图13

准噶尔盆地红车断裂带北段石炭系储层不同孔隙大小分布指数下有效渗透率-非润湿相饱和度关系 注：λ为孔隙大小分布指数；Krw 为润湿相；Krnw 为非润湿相。"

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