Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2022, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (6): 1-18.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20220601

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

New progress and enlightenment of oil and gas exploration and geological understanding in Qaidam Basin

LI Guoxin1, SHI Yajun2, ZHANG Yongshu1, CHEN Yan1, ZHANG Guoqing1, LEI Tao1   

  1. 1. PetroChina Qinghai Oilfield Company, Dunhuang 736200, Gansu, China;
    2. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2022-05-09 Revised:2022-05-12 Online:2022-11-01 Published:2022-11-09

PDF (PC)

418

Abstract: After the arduous struggle of several generations， the only oil and gas production base in Tibet Plateau has been built in Qaidam Basin， which has become a ballast for the economic and social development of GansuQinghai-Tibet region. By systematically summarizing the oil and gas exploration progress and exploration results in Qaidam Basin in recent years，the laws of basin formation， hydrocarbon generation， reservoir formation and reservoir accumulation were summarized， and the important fields and directions of exploration transformation in the future were pointed out. The research results show that：（1）Since the establishment of major science and technology projects in 2007，especially since the 12th Five-Year Plan， large oil and gas fields with 100 million ton reserves have been discovered by relying on scientific and technological innovation in Kunbei fault terrace， Yingxiongling structure，Altun Piedmont and Zahaquan Sag， meanwhile，original theories that are rare in other basins about hydrocarbon generation，reservoir formation and hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism were formed.（2）By systematically summarizing the exploration discovery and important geological cognition since the 12th Five-Year Plan，four major changes in future oil and gas exploration were proposed：from shallow to deepshallow combination， from structure to structure-lithology combination， from clastic rocks to multi-lithology combination，and from conventional to conventional and unconventional combination. Four major future fields were determined，including Paleogene-Neogene shale oil in western Qaidam Basin，Quaternary mudstone biogas of eastern Qaidam Basin，deep strata in northern margin of Qaidam Basin and Paleogene multi-lithology in western Qaidam Basin.（3）These research results will promote the transformation and deve-lopment of oil and gas exploration in Qaidam Basin and the development of oil and gas geology theory and technology in strongly reformed basins， and provide important support for the continuous exploration discovery of oil and gas reservoirs in various types of petroleum systems.

Key words: lithologic reservoir, lacustrine carbonate rocks, shale oil, biogas, Quaternary, Paleogene, Neogene, petroleum system, Qaidam Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE121.1
[1] 付锁堂, 马达德, 陈琰, 等. 柴达木盆地油气勘探新进展[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(增刊1):1-10. FU Suotang, MA Dade, CHEN Yan, et al. New advance of petroleum and gas exploration in Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(Suppl 1):1-10.
[2] 李国欣, 朱如凯, 张永庶, 等.柴达木盆地英雄岭页岩油地质特征、评价标准及发现意义[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2022, 49(1):18-31. LI Guoxin, ZHU Rukai, ZHANG Yongshu, et al. Geological characteristics, evaluation criteria and discovery significance of Paleogene Yingxiongling shale oil in Qaidam Basin, NW China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2022, 49(1):18-31.
[3] 张英, 李剑, 张奎, 等. 柴达木盆地三湖地区第四系生物气源岩中可溶有机质丰度及地质意义[J]. 地质学报, 2007, 81(12):1716-1722. ZHANG Ying, LI Jian, ZHANG Kui, et al. Organic matter abundance in Quaternary source rocks and its application on assessment of biogenic gas in Sanhu lake area, Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica, 2007, 81(12):1716-1722.
[4] 林腊梅, 金强. 柴达木盆地北缘和西部主力烃源岩的生烃史[J]. 石油与天然气地质, 2004, 25(6):677-681. LIN Lamei, JIN Qiang. Hydrocarbon generation history of major source rocks in the northern edge and western part of Qaidam Basin[J]. Oil & Gas Geology, 2004, 25(6):677-681.
[5] 刘洛夫, 妥进才, 于会娟, 等. 柴达木盆地北部地区侏罗系烃源岩地球化学特征[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2000, 24(1):64-68. LIU Luofu, TUO Jincai, YU Huijuan, et al. Geochemistry of the Jurassic source rocks in the northern areas of Qaidam Basin in China[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China(Edition of Natural Science), 2000, 24(1):64-68.
[6] 丁安娜, 王明明, 李本亮, 等. 生物气的形成机理及源岩的地球化学特征:以柴达木盆地生物气为例[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2003, 14(5):402-407. DING Anna, WANG Mingming, LI Benliang, et al. Biogas forming mechanism and geochemical characteristics of its source rocks[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2003, 14(5):402-407.
[7] 关平, 王大锐, 黄第藩. 柴达木盆地东部生物气与有机酸地球化学研究[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 1995, 22(3):41-45. GUAN Ping, WANG Darui, HUANG Difan. Geochemistry of biogas and organic acids in eastern Qaidam Basin[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1995, 22(3):41-45.
[8] 王万春, 刘文汇, 王国仓, 等. 沉积有机质微生物降解与生物气源岩识别:以柴达木盆地三湖坳陷第四系为例[J]. 石油学报, 2016, 37(3):318-327. WANG Wanchun, LIU Wenhui, WANG Guocang, et al. Biodegradation of depositional organic matter and identification of biogenic gas source rocks:An example from the Sanhu Depression of Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2016, 37(3):318-327.
[9] SHUAI Yanhua, ZHANG Shuichang, PENG Pingan, et al. Occurrence of heavy carbon dioxide of organic origin:Evidence from confined dry pyrolysis of coal[J]. Chemical Geology, 2013, 358:54-60.
[10] 帅燕华, 张水昌, 赵文智, 等. 陆相生物气纵向分布特征及形成机理研究:以柴达木盆地涩北一号为例[J]. 中国科学D辑:地球科学, 2007, 37(1):46-51. SHUAI Yanhua,ZHANG Shuichang,ZHAO Wenzhi,et al. Study on the longitudinal distribution characteristics and formation mechanism of terrestrial biogas:Taking Sebei No. 1 in Qaidam Basin as an example[J]. Science in China Series D:Earth Sciences, 2007, 37(1):46-51.
[11] 石亚军, 杨少勇, 郭佳佳, 等. 柴达木盆地深层油气成矿(藏)条件及有利区带[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2020, 49(3):506-522. SHI Yajun, YANG Shaoyong, GUO Jiajia, et al. Petroleum accumulation conditions and favorable exploration plays of deeply buried strata in Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2020, 49(3):506-522.
[12] 张斌, 何媛媛, 陈琰, 等. 柴达木盆地西部咸化湖相优质烃源岩地球化学特征及成藏意义[J]. 石油学报, 2017, 38(10):1158-1167. ZHANG Bin, HE Yuanyuan, CHEN Yan, et al. Geochemical characteristics and oil accumulation significance of the high quality saline lacustrine source rocks in the western Qaidam Basin, NW China[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2017, 38(10):1158-1167.
[13] 吴德云, 张国防. 盐湖相有机质成烃模拟实验研究[J]. 地球化学, 1994, 23(增刊1):173-181. WU Deyun, ZHANG Guofang. Simulation experiment study on hydrocarbon generation from organic matter in saline lake facies rocks[J]. Geochimica, 1994, 23(Suppl 1):173-181.
[14] 李术元, 林世静, 郭绍辉, 等. 矿物质对干酪根热解生烃过程的影响[J]. 石油大学学报(自然科学版), 2002, 26(1):69-71. LI Shuyuan, LIN Shijing, GUO Shaohui, et al. Catalytic effects of minerals on hydrocarbon generation in kerogen degradation[J]. Journal of the University of Petroleum, China(Edition of Natural Science), 2002, 26(1):69-71.
[15] 刘德汉, 张惠之, 戴金星, 等. 煤岩显微组分的成烃实验研究与评价[J]. 科学通报, 2000, 45(4):346-352. LIU Dehan, ZHANG Huizhi, DAI Jinxing, et al. Experimental study and evaluation of hydrocarbon generation of coal rock microscopic components[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2000, 45(4):346-352.
[16] 赵长毅, 赵文智, 程克明, 等. 吐哈盆地煤油源岩形成条件与生油评价[J]. 石油学报, 1998, 19(3):21-25. ZHAO Changyi, ZHAO Wenzhi, CHENG Keming, et al. The formation condition of coal acted as oil source rock and assessment of oil generated potential in Turpan-Hami Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 1998, 19(3):21-25.
[17] 冯子辉, 李景坤, 李振广. 大庆探区煤系烃源岩的生烃条件研究[J]. 大庆石油地质与开发, 2002, 21(5):1-4. FENG Zihui, LI Jingkun, LI Zhenguang. A study on hydrocarbon potential of coal-measure source rock in prospect area of Daqing[J]. Petroleum Geology & Oilfield Development in Daqing, 2002, 21(5):1-4.
[18] 陈建平, 赵文智, 秦勇, 等. 中国西北地区侏罗纪煤系油气形成(之一)[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 1998, 25(3):1-5. CHEN Jianping, ZHAO Wenzhi, QIN Yong, et al. Petroleum formation in Jurassic coal bearing basins, northwest China(Part 1)[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 1998, 25(3):1-5.
[19] 刘德汉, 傅家谟, 肖贤明, 等.煤成烃的成因与评价[J].石油勘探与开发, 2005, 32(4):137-141. LIU Dehan, FU Jiamo, XIAO Xianming, et al. Origin and appraisal of coal derived gas and oil[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2005, 32(4):137-141.
[20] 田光荣, 李红哲, 白亚东, 等. 柴达木盆地侏罗系煤系烃源岩生烃潜力分类评价[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2018, 46(5):73-80. TIAN Guangrong, LI Hongzhe, BAI Yadong, et al. Classification and evaluation of the hydrocarbon generation potential of Jurassic coal measure of Qaidam Basin[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2018, 46(5):73-80.
[21] 李洪波, 张敏, 张春明, 等.柴达木盆地西部南区第三系原油成熟度特征[J].石油天然气学报(江汉石油学院学报), 2010, 32(1):27-32. LI Hongbo, ZHANG Min, ZHANG Chunming, et al. The characteristics of thermal maturity of crude oils from Tertiary system in the southwestern part of Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Oil and Gas Technology(Journal of Jianghan Petroleum Institute), 2010, 32(1):27-32.
[22] 路俊刚, 姚宜同, 王力, 等. 柴达木盆地跃进斜坡区油源判识与原油勘探方向[J]. 吉林大学学报(地球科学版), 2014, 44(3):730-740. LU Jungang, YAO Yitong, WANG Li, et al. Oil source and mature oil exploration potential of Yuejin slope area in the Qaidam Basin[J]. Journal of Jilin University(Earth Science Edition), 2014, 44(3):730-740.
[23] 石亚军, 薛建勤, 马新民, 等. 高原咸化湖盆晚期构造高丰度油藏形成机制:以柴达木盆地英东地区为例[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2019, 48(5):1053-1061. SHI Yajun, XUE Jianqin, MA Xinmin, et al. Mechanisms of high abundance hydrocarbon accumulation in neotectonics/late-stage tectonics of plateau saline lacustrine basin:Taking the Yingdong area of Qaidam Basin as an example[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2019, 48(5):1053-1061.
[24] 钱凯, 屈平彦, 宋凯. 古三角洲砂体入湖距离的动力学预测[J]. 沉积学报, 1984, 2(3):82-90. QIAN Kai, QU Pingyan, SONG Kai. Dynamic calculation of the distance of ancient deltaic sandbody entering into lake[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 1984, 2(3):82-90.
[25] SHI Yajun, XU Li, HUANG Chenggang, et al. The existence and significance of two kinds of effective reservoirs in deep water area of the western Qaidam Basin[J]. Acta Geologica Sinica (English Edition), 2020, 94(5):1726-1727.
[26] 郭佳佳, 孙国强, 门宏建, 等.柴北缘腹部深层异常高孔-渗储层成因分析[J].沉积学报, 2018, 36(4):777-786. GUO Jiajia, SUN Guoqiang, MEN Hongjian, et al. Genetic analysis of anomalously high porosity zones in deeply buried reservoirs in the west part of northern edge of Qaidam Basin, NW China[J]. Acta Sedimentologica Sinica, 2018, 36(4):777-786.
[27] TAYLOR T R, GILES M R, HATHON L A, et al. Sandstone diagenesis and reservoir quality prediction:Models, myths, and reality[J]. AAPG Bulletin, 2010, 94(8):1093-1132.
[28] 金振奎, 苏奎, 苏妮娜. 准噶尔盆地腹部侏罗系深部优质储层成因[J]. 石油学报, 2011, 32(1):25-31. JIN Zhenkui, SU Kui, SU Nina. Origin of Jurassic deep burial high-quality reservoirs in the central Junggar Basin[J]. Acta Petrolei Sinica, 2011, 32(1):25-31.
[29] 张永庶, 伍坤宇, 姜营海, 等. 柴达木盆地英西深层碳酸盐岩油气藏地质特征[J]. 天然气地球科学, 2018, 29(3):358-369. ZHANG Yongshu, WU Kunyu, JIANG Yinghai, et al. Geological characteristics of deep carbonate hydrocarbon-bearing pool in the western Yingxiongling area in Qaidam Basin[J]. Natural Gas Geoscience, 2018, 29(3):358-369.
[30] 唐勇, 曹剑, 何文军, 等. 从玛湖大油区发现看全油气系统地质理论发展趋势[J]. 新疆石油地质, 2021, 42(1):1-9. TANG Yong, CAO Jian, HE Wenjun, et al. Development tendency of geological theory of total petroleum system:Insights from the discovery of Mahu large oil province[J]. Xinjiang Petroleum Geology, 2021, 42(1):1-9.
[31] 邹才能, 杨智, 崔景伟, 等. 页岩油形成机制、地质特征及发展对策[J]. 石油勘探与开发, 2013, 40(1):14-26. ZOU Caineng, YANG Zhi, CUI Jingwei, et al. Formation mechanism, geological characteristics and development strategy of nonmarine shale oil in China[J]. Petroleum Exploration and Development, 2013, 40(1):14-26.
[32] 金之钧, 胡宗全, 高波, 等. 川东南地区五峰组-龙马溪组页岩气富集与高产控制因素[J]. 地学前缘, 2016, 23(1):1-10. JIN Zhijun, HU Zongquan, GAO Bo, et al. Controlling factors on the enrichment and high productivity of shale gas in the Wufeng-Longmaxi formations, southeastern Sichuan Basin[J]. Earth Science Frontiers, 2016, 23(1):1-10.
[33] 张水昌, 梁狄刚, 朱光有, 等. 中国海相油气田形成的地质基础[J]. 科学通报, 2007, 52(增刊1):19-31. ZHANG Shuichang, LIANG Digang, ZHU Guangyou, et al. Geological basis for the formation of marine oil and gas fields in China[J]. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2007, 52(Suppl 1):19-31.
[34] 付锁堂. 柴达木盆地油气勘探潜在领域[J]. 中国石油勘探, 2016, 21(5):1-10. FU Suotang. Potential oil and gas exploration areas in Qaidam Basin[J]. China Petroleum Exploration, 2016, 21(5):1-10.
[1] BAI Yubin, LI Mengyao, ZHU Tao, ZHAO Jingzhou, REN Haijiao, WU Weitao, WU Heyuan. Geochemical characteristics of source rocks and evaluation of shale oil “sweet spot”of Permian Fengcheng Formation in Mahu Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 110-121.
[2] HONG Zhibin, WU Jia, FANG Peng, YU Jinyang, WU Zhengyu, YU Jiaqi. Heterogeneity of soluble organic matter in shale and occurrence state of shale oil under nanoconfinement [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(6): 160-168.
[3] WANG Zixin, LIU Guangdi, YUAN Guangjie, YANG Henglin, FU Li, WANG Yuan, CHEN Gang, ZHANG Heng. Characteristics and reservoir control of source rocks of Triassic Chang 7 member in Qingcheng area，Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 133-144.
[4] CHENG Yan, WANG Bo, ZHANG Tongyao, QI Yumin, YANG Jilei, HAO Peng, LI Kuo, WANG Xiaodong. Oil and gas migration characteristics of lithologic reservoirs of Neogene Minghuazhen Formation in Bozhong A-2 area，Bozhong Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 46-55.
[5] YI Zhenli, SHI Fang, YIN Taiju, LI Bin, LI Meng, LIU Liu, WANG Zhukun, YU Ye. Provenance transformation and sedimentary filling response of Mesozoic in Halahatang-Hade area，Tarim Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 56-66.
[6] ZHOU Ziqiang, ZHU Zhengping, PAN Renfang, DONG Yu, JIN Jineng. Simulation and prediction of tight sandstone reservoirs based on waveform facies-controlled inversion：A case study from the second member of Paleogene Kongdian Formation in southern Cangdong sag， Huanghua Depression [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(5): 77-86.
[7] ZHANG Lei, LI Sha, LUO Bobo, LYU Boqiang, XIE Min, CHEN Xinping, CHEN Dongxia, DENG Caiyun. Accumulation mechanism of overpressured lithologic reservoirs of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in northern Dongpu Sag [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 57-70.
[8] MENG Qinghao, ZHANG Changmin, ZHANG Xianghui, ZHU Rui, XIANG Jianbo. Morphology，distribution and main controlling factors of modern distributive fluvial system in Tarim Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 44-56.
[9] ZHU Kangle, GAO Gang, YANG Guangda, ZHANG Dongwei, ZHANG Lili, ZHU Yixiu, LI Jing. Characteristics of deep source rocks and hydrocarbon accumulation model of Paleogene Shahejie Form ationin Qingshui subsag，Liaohe Depression [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 146-157.
[10] XI Zhibo, LIAO Jianping, GAO Rongjin, ZHOU Xiaolong, LEI Wenwen. Tectonic evolution and hydrocarbon accumulation in northern Chenjia fault zone，Liaohe Depression [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 127-136.
[11] FENG Bin, HUANG Xiaobo, HE Youbin, LI Hua, LUO Jinxiong, LI Tao, ZHOU Xiaoguang. Reconstruction of source-to-sink system of the third member of Paleogene Shahejie Formation in Miaoxibei area，Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 84-95.
[12] HE Wenyuan, ZHAO Ying, ZHONG Jianhua, SUN Ningliang. Characteristics and significance of micron pores and micron fractures in shale oil reservoirs of Cretaceous Qingshankou Formation in Gulong sag，Songliao Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 1-18.
[13] SHAO Wei, ZHOU Daorong, LI Jianqing, ZHANG Chengcheng, LIU Tao. Key factors and favorable exploration directions for oil and gas enrichment in back margin sag of thrust nappe in Lower Yangtze [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 61-71.
[14] FANG Xuqing, ZHONG Qi, ZHANG Jianguo, LI Junliang, MENG Tao, JIANG Zaixing, ZHAO Haibo. Cyclostratigraphy analysis and stratigraphic division of lower Sha-3 member of Paleogene in Zhanhua Sag，Bohai Bay Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 19-30.
[15] CAO Jiangjun, WANG Xi, WANG Liuwei, LI Cheng, SHI Jian, CHEN Zhaobing. Characteristics and main controlling factors of interbedded shale oil reservoirs of Triassic Chang 7 member in Heshui area，Ordos Basin [J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(3): 158-171.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] YANG Zhanlong,ZHANG Zhenggang,CHEN Qilin,GUO Jingyi,SHA Xuemei,LIU Wensu. Using multi-parameters analysis of seismic information to evaluate lithologic traps in continental basins[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(4): 57 -63 .
[2] FANG Chaohe, WANG Yifeng, ZHENG Dewen, GE Zhixin. Maceral and petrology of Lower Tertiary source rock in Qintong Sag, Subei Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(4): 87 -90 .
[3] LIN Chengyan, TAN Lijuan, YU Cuiling. Research on the heterogeneous distribution of petroleum(Ⅰ)[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(2): 16 -21 .
[4] WANG Tianqi, WANG Jiangong, LIANG Sujuan, SHA Xuemei. Fine oil exploration of Putaohua Formation in Xujiaweizi area, Songliao Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(2): 22 -27 .
[5] WANG Xiwen,SHI Lanting,YONG Xueshan,YNAG Wuyang. Study on seismic impedance inversion[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(3): 80 -88 .
[6] HE Zongbin,NI Jing,WU Dong,LI Yong,LIU Liqiong,TAI Huaizhong. Hydrocarbon saturation determined by dual-TE logging[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(3): 89 -92 .
[7] YUAN Shengxue,WANG Jiang. Identification of the shallow gas reservoir in Shanle area,Tuha Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2007, 19(3): 111 -113 .
[8] CHEN Fei，WEI Dengfeng，YU Xiaolei，WU Shaobo. Sedimentary facies of Chang 2 oil-bearing member of Yanchang Formation in Yanchi-Dingbian area, Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2010, 22(1): 43 -47 .
[9] XU Yunxia，WANG Shanshan，YANG Shuai. Using Walsh transform to improve signal-to-noise ratio of seismic data[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2009, 21(3): 98 -100 .
[10] LI Jianming，SHI Lingling，WANG Liqun，WU Guangda. Characteristics of basement reservoir in Kunbei fault terrace belt in southwestern Qaidam Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2011, 23(2): 20 -23 .
TRENDMD:

Copyright © 2018 Lithologic Reservoirs

Support by Beijing Magtech support@magtech.com.cn