Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 122-133.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260211

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of evaporites in Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation, central and eastern Ordos Basin

ZHOU Wenjuan1(), PU Renhai1(), LU Zixing2, WANG Kangle2, ZHANG Peng1, WEN Xingyu1, WANG Tong1, GUAN Yunwen1   

  1. 1 Department of Geology， Northwest University， Xi’an 710069， China
    2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development， PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company， Xi’an 710018， China
  • Received:2025-07-07 Revised:2025-08-11 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2025-12-09

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Abstract:

Evaporites (gypsum-salt rocks) in Ma54 and Ma56 submembers of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in central and eastern Ordos Basin provide a good sealing for the formation and preservation of high-pressure gas reservoir in the dolomite of Ma55 submember. Evaporites in Ma54 and Ma56 submembers were identified using logging and core analysis data, and their distribution patterns and controlling factors were studied. The results show that: （1） During the depositional period of Ma56-Ma54 submembers of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in central and eastern Ordos Basin, the central-eastern basin was characterized by an eastward-dipping gentle slope superimposed with a paleo-structural framework of “three uplift zones and two sags”. From west to east, they are Wushenqi uplift, Western shallow sag, Hengshan uplift, Eastern deep sag, and Lüliang uplift. These secondary uplifts acted as hydrodynamic barriers, leading to differentiation of evaporite facies，and with characteristics of two lagoons and two evaporite deposition centers. （2） Ma54 and Ma56 submembers are depositions characterized by“double-barrier and double-lagoon”carbonate rocks and evaporite restricted-evaporite platform. These five paleo-structural units correspond to the following sedimentary facies belts: dolomicrite flat, anhydritic dolomicrite flat, gypsum-salt lagoon, inner barrier anhydritic dolomicrite flat, halite lagoon, and outer barrier anhydritic dolomicrite flat. （3） Under the combined control of paleo-structure, paleogeography, paleoclimate, and sea-level fluctuations, the distribution of gypsum rock and salt rock differs. During the humid-climate period, Ma55 submember deposited carbonate rocks. During the arid-climate period，Ma56 and Ma54 submembers deve-loped gypsum rock in the highstand systems tract (western shallow lagoon) and salt rock in the lowstand systems tract (eastern medium-deep lagoon). （4） Thick anhydrite layers in the western Ma54 shallow subsag inhibited dolomitization of Ma55 submember, limiting the development of high-quality reservoirs; whereas the combination of the Ma54 salt rock pinch-out zone and NWW-trending faults provided key pathways for vertical migration and lateral accumulation of oil and gas in Ma55 reservoir, thereby forming the Mizhi high-pressure gas reservoir.

Key words: gypsum-salt rock, anhydritic dolomicrite flat, gypsum-salt lagoon, double-barrier and double-lagoon, evaporite platform, the fifth member of Majiagou Formation, Ordovician, Ordos Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE121.3

Fig. 1

Structural location of central and eastern Ordos Basin （a）， EW-trending geological cross-section （b） and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Ordovician（c）， Ordos Basin"

Fig. 2

Core photos of Majiagou Formation in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 3

Well logging response characteristics of Ma54 submember of well M60 in Majiagou Formation in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 4

Point map for lithology logging identification of Ma54-Ma56 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 5

Depositional facies well-tie profiles of Ma56-Ma54 submembers in Ordos Basin"

Fig. 6

Distribution characteristics of gypsum rocks and salt rocks of Ma56 and Ma54 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 7

Thickness distribution of Ma56 and Ma54 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 8

Depositional paleotopography of Ma56 submember (a) and Ma54 submember (b) in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 9

Sedimentary facies columns of typical wells across Ma56-Ma54 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 10

Seismic profiles of intra-barrier bioherms of Ma56-Ma54 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 11

Variation of dolomite content of inner barrier of Ma56-Ma54 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 12

Sedimentary facies distribution of Ma56 and Ma54 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 13

Sedimentary models of Ma56 and Ma54 submembers in central and eastern Ordos Basin"

Fig. 14

Controlling effects of salt rock cap and faults on high-pressured gas reservoirs of Mizhi area, central and eastern Ordos Basin"

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