哈萨克斯坦楚-萨雷苏盆地富氦气藏特征、富集条件及勘探启示

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260314

Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 162-172.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260314

• NEW ENERGY AND ASSOCIATED RESOURCES • Previous Articles Next Articles

Characteristics, enrichment conditions and exploration implications of helium-rich gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan

NIE Minglong¹^,²(), LIU Haoyuan¹, WANG Zhaoming³, ZHAO Shumao², YU Taiji²

¹ College of Mining, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, Liaoning, China
² College of Safety Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Huludao 125105, Liaoning, China
³ Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, CNPC, Beijing 100083, China

Received:2025-08-11 Revised:2025-09-16 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-02-03

Abstract

Abstract:

Chu-Sarysu Basin in Kazakhstan is a helium-rich basin. Through the geological characteristic analysis of helium-rich gas reservoirs in different tectonic units and different horizons of the basin, helium enrichment conditions of the basin was discussed, a helium enrichment model jointly controlled by helium sources and caprocks was established, revealing the direction of helium exploration in China. The results show that: （1） Helium has been found in all 5 sets of reservoir-cap combinations in different depressions of Chu-Sarysu Basin, showing the characteristic of helium enrichment throughout the basin. Helium enrichment is positively correlated with nitrogen and has no direct relationship with tectonic units or gas reservoir types, but shows differential enrichment among different horizons. The reservoir-cap combination composed of Lower Carboniferous Serpukhovian limestone-mudstone has the lowest helium content but the highest hydrocarbon gas content. While Permian subsalt sandstones have the highest helium content, with a volume fraction up to 0.68%, and low hydrocarbon gas content. （2） The Precambrian ancient uranium-rich bedrock, tectonic uplift since Triassic, poor source rocks, and multiple sets of caprocks development in the study area are basic conditions for helium enrichment in the basin. Helium coexists with sandstone type uranium deposits, and the development of sandstone type uranium deposits has an indicative effect on helium enrichment. Multiple sets of caprocks, such as salt rocks, gypsum rocks, and mudstones, combined with the small molecular size and strong diffusion capacity of helium, are important reasons for the formation of multi-layered helium enrichment. Meanwhile, the dilution of helium by hydrocarbon carrier gas is also an important factor causing differential helium enrichment in different horizons. （3） The basement and tectonic evolution of Junggar Basin in China are similar to those of Chu-Sarysu Basin. Carboniferous in eastern Junggar, Lunan, Shinan, and Santanghu basins represent promising targets for future helium exploration.

Key words: helium-rich basin, uranium-rich bedrock, sandstone type uranium deposits, Permian, Carbonife-rous, Junggar Basin, Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan

CLC Number:

TE02

NIE Minglong, LIU Haoyuan, WANG Zhaoming, ZHAO Shumao, YU Taiji. Characteristics, enrichment conditions and exploration implications of helium-rich gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan[J].Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(3): 162-172.

Figures/Tables 9

Fig. 1

Fig. 2

Table 1

Parameters of helium-rich gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin"

气田	构造位置	含气层位	气藏类型	储层岩性	储层类型	孔隙度/%	渗透率/mD	盖层	单井产量/ （10⁴ m³·d^-1）
阿曼格莱特	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下二叠统盐间	构造-岩性	砂岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	15.00	0.140	盐岩	18.20
		下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙型、孔洞- 孔隙型	10.00~14.00	0.001~0.146	泥岩	2.60
		下石炭统下维宪阶—上杜内阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	13.60	0.002	泥岩	21.34
		下石炭统下杜内阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	21.60	0.012	泥岩	3.70
艾拉克蒂	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下二叠统盐下	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	—	0.001	盐岩	12.80
		下石炭统下维宪阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	—	0.002	泥岩	3.13
		下石炭统上杜内阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	11.30	0.002	泥岩	—
阿纳巴依	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙-裂缝型	—	—	泥岩	0.20~0.50
		下石炭统上维宪阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	孔隙-裂缝型	3.20	—	泥岩	6.44
		上泥盆统法门阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙-裂缝型	—	—	膏岩	—
莫迪巴依	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	短轴背斜	灰岩	溶蚀孔洞型	—	—	泥岩	—
莫迪巴依	穆尤恩库姆坳陷	下石炭统下维宪阶	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、裂缝- 孔隙型	14.40	0.770	泥岩	0.75
普里多罗日	科克潘索尔坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	断裂伴生背斜	灰岩	裂缝型	3.80	—	泥岩	9.60
普里多罗日	科克潘索尔坳陷	上泥盆统法门阶	断裂伴生背斜	砂岩	裂缝-孔隙型	—	0.038	盐岩	7.44
西阿帕克	科克潘索尔坳陷	下石炭统下谢尔普霍夫阶	断裂伴生背斜	灰岩	孔隙-孔洞型	3.00~10.00	—	泥岩	0.20~0.40
西阿帕克	科克潘索尔坳陷	上泥盆统法门阶	断裂伴生背斜	砂岩	裂缝-孔隙型	9.00~14.00	—	膏岩	3.00
奥尔塔雷克	科克潘索尔坳陷	下二叠统盐下	短轴背斜	砂岩	孔隙型	1.00~10.20	—	盐岩	0.55
奥尔塔雷克	科克潘索尔坳陷	元古界基岩风化壳	基岩凸起	变质岩	裂缝型	2.00	—	膏岩	1.60
乌沙拉尔-克姆皮尔托别	塔斯金隆起	下二叠统	断裂伴生背斜	砂岩	孔隙型、孔隙- 裂缝型	—	—	盐岩	18.90
北乌沙拉尔	塔斯金隆起	下二叠统	短轴背斜	砂岩	裂缝-孔隙型	4.20	—	盐岩	4.30~6.10

Table 1

Table 2

Natural gas components of helium-bearing gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin"

构造单元	气藏	层位	ϕ（天然气成分）%
穆尤恩库姆坳陷	阿曼格莱特	下二叠统盐间	CH₄	C₂H₆	C₃H₈	C₄H₁₀/n-C₄H₁₀	C₅H₁₂/n-C₅H₁₂	C₆₊	N₂+稀有气体	CO₂	H₂S	He
		下二叠统盐间	9.47~26.05	0.21~1.97	0.02~0.49	0.03~0.05或0.07~0.09	0.06~0.16	—	70.92~87.02	0.15~1.30	0	0.040~ 0.240
		下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	81.45	9.99	3.00	0.38或0.54	1.54	—	2.90	0.20	0	0
		下石炭统下维宪阶—上杜内阶	67.25~86.20	4.52~10.53	2.86~5.20	0.42~0.57或0.82~0.90	0.74~1.12	—	4.60~14.00	0~ 2.22	0	0.190
	艾拉克蒂	下二叠统盐下	24.00~75.49	1.03~5.15	0.47~1.71	0.06~0.91	0.10~0.76	—	16.92~72.60	0~ 0.45	0	0.170~ 0.350
	艾拉克蒂	下石炭统下维宪阶—上杜内阶	72.50~81.90	3.46~8.21	1.14~2.77	0.23~1.40	0.40~0.96	—	7.64~30.90	—	—	—
	阿纳巴依	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	79.14~98.55	1.44~9.77	1.15~4.43	0.18~0.37或0.30~0.72	0.16~0.19或0.12~0.15	0.34~0.36	0.10~ 7.52	0~0.70	—	0.005~ 0.070
		下石炭统维宪阶	93.83	2.60	0.20	0.03或0.02	0.01	0.01	3.00	0.17	0.40	—
		上泥盆统法门阶	86.43	3.60~4.85	0.37~0.74	0.05或0.06	0.02	—	4.26~ 8.15	—	0~0.75	0.180~ 0.185
	莫迪巴依	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	88.85	4.00	1.10	—	—	—	3.00~16.00	1.15	0	0.085
	莫迪巴依	下石炭统维宪阶	89.00	0.92	0.05	0.02	0.03	0.03	3.00~16.00	0.02~1.80	0	0.270~ 0.370
科克潘索尔坳陷	普里多罗日	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	75.40~90.00	0.51~2.06	0.14~0.36	0.02或 0.03~0.21	0.01~0.05	0.01~0.05	7.40~ 22.00	0.55~1.25	2.57	0.106~ 0.255
	普里多罗日	上泥盆统法门阶	62.20~70.40	1.20~1.76	0.11~0.12	0.02或 0.01~0.04	0.06	0.06	27.60~34.20	0.30~0.85	0	0.210
	西阿帕克	下石炭统谢尔普霍夫阶	81.30	13.00	6.00	1.60	0.40	0.40	2.70	0.65	0	0.040
	西阿帕克	上泥盆统法门阶	55.34~86.45	2.75~5.00	0.86~1.70	0.15~0.5或0.15~0.60	0.07~0.21	0.07~0.21	9.00~38.82	—	0.03	0.110~ 0.437
	奥尔塔雷克	下二叠统盐下	52.80~58.90	0.70~10.90	0.05~0.60	0.01~0.04	0.02~0.07	0.09	40.43~45.20	0.63~1.60	0	0.141~ 0.290
	奥尔塔雷克	基岩	83.70	3.48	0.35	0.08或0.04	—	—	11.90	0.30~0.45	0.02	0.208~ 0.240
塔斯金隆起	乌沙拉尔-克姆皮尔托别	下二叠统盐下	—	—	—	—	—	—	98.86~99.32	0.46	0	0.680
塔斯金隆起	北乌沙拉尔	下二叠统盐下	—	—	—	—	—	—	99.20	0.30	0	0.460

Table 2

Fig. 3

Fig. 4

Fig. 5

Fig. 6

Fig. 7

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Characteristics, enrichment conditions and exploration implications of helium-rich gas reservoirs in Chu-Sarysu Basin, Kazakhstan

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