Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 24-37.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260303

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Stratigraphic division of Permian and its exploration significance of Bogda piedmont, northern margin of Tuha Basin

CHEN Xuan1(), HAO Bin2(), GOU Hongguang1, ZHANG Jing2, XU Xiongfei1, YANG Zhanlong2, HU Jun1, HE Changsong1   

  1. 1 Exploration and Development Research Institute, PetroChina Tuha Oilfield Company, Hami 839009, Xinjiang, China
    2 Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest (NWGI), PetroChina, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2025-12-13 Revised:2026-03-11 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-04-27

Abstract:

Through comprehensive analysis of palynological assemblages, zircon U-Pb ages, and sedimentary sequences from Permian outcrops in Bogda piedmont on the northern margin of Tuha Basin, the stratigraphic attribution was re-evaluated, the lithofacies paleogeography during the deposition of Lucaogou Formation/Ta’erlang Formation around Bogda mountains was reconstructed, and the exploration potential of the area was discussed. The results show that: (1) The palynological assemblages originally assigned to Ta’erlang Formation in Zhaobishan and Ertanggou sections are significantly different from those of Ta’erlang Formation/Lucaogou Formation in Ta’erlanggou and eastern Junggar Basin, but consistent with those of Wutonggou Formation in eastern Junggar Basin, and thus should be revised as Wutonggou Formation. The regional dark strata originally placed at the top of Yierxitu Formation whose sedimentary sequence and volcanic rock ages can be compared with those of Lucaogou Formation around Bogda mountains, and should be classified as Ta’erlang Formation. Zircon ages indicate Early Permian, earlier than the previously considered Middle Permian. (2) During the deposition of Ta’erlang Formation, Bogda mountains served as the depositional center, and the piedmont zone was in the environment of saline semi-deep-lake to deep-lake facies to half saline semi-deep lake,with the potential to form high-quality source rocks. (3) Permian source rocks in Taibei Sag are of relatively good quality, especially those in the northern part of the sag. The northern piedmont zone lies above the hydrocarbon generation center and contains numerous untested structural traps. The wedge-shaped structures and piedmont deep layer are the prospective areas for new breakthroughs of the mature Permian petroleum system in Tuha Basin.

Key words: stratigraphic division, palynological assemblages, zircon dating, source rock, Lucaogou Formation, Ta’erlang Formation, Permian, Bogda mountains, Tuha Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE121.34

Fig. 1

Exploration achievements and outcrop locations around Bogda mountains (a) and comprehensive stratigraphic column of Permian-Triassic in Tuha Basin (b)"

Fig. 2

Macroscopic characteristics of Permian strata in the northern margin of Tuha Basin"

Fig. 3

Typical sections contrast and sampling locations of Permian around the eastern segment of Bogda mountains"

Fig. 4

Sporopollen characteristics of Permian Wutonggou Formation(originally belong to Ta’erlang Formation-Wutonggou Formation) in Zhaobishan section, northern margin of Tuha Basin (a)—(c) Scutasporites xinjiangensis (Hou et Wang) Ouyang,2003;(d) Lunatisporites cf. tersus Ouyang,2003;(e) Lunatisporites tersus Ouyang,2003;(f) Protohaploxypinus perfectus (Naumova ex Kara-Murza) Samoilovich,1953;(g) Protohaploxypinus jimsarensis Zhan,2003;(h) Protohaploxypinus rhomboeformis (Poluchina) Hart,1964;(i) Protohaploxypinus latissimus (Luber et Waltz) Samoilovich,1953;(j) Striatopodocarpites cf. balmei Sukh Dev,1961;(k) Striatopodocarpites rugosus (Jansonius) Hart,1964;(l) Hamiapollenites cf. fengchengensis Zhan,2003;(m) Hamiapollenites bullaeformis (Samoilovich) Jansonius,1962;(n) Hamiapollenites fengchengensis Zhan,2003;(o) Hamiapollenites extumidus Hou et Wang,1990;(p) Hamiapollenites radiatus (Djupina) Zhan,2003;(q) Kraeuselisporites spinulosus Hou et Wang,1986;(r) Kraeuselisporites xinjiangensis Zhou,2003;(s) Kraeuselisporites sp. in XSH-DLS8-7A in Ouyang et al.,2003;(t) Acanthotriletes rectispinus (Luber) Hart,1965;(u) Raistrickia obtusosaetosa (Luber) Faddeeva var. distans Kara-Murza,1952;(v) Verrucosisporites sp. in Ouyang et al.,2003;(w) Distaverrusporites sp. in Ouyang et al.,2003;(x) Vittatina subsaccata Samoilovich cf. connectivalis Zauer,1965;(y) Vittatina subsaccata Samoilovich,1953。"

Fig. 5

Cathodoluminescence (CL) images of volcanic ash zircon from Permian of Kulai section,northern margin of Tuha Basin"

Table 1

LA-ICP-MS zircon U-Pb isotopic analysis results of tuff from dark mudstone strata overlying volcanic rocks of Yierxitu Formation in Kulai section, northern margin of Tuha Basin"

编号 同位素比值 同位素年龄/Ma w(元素)/10-6
207Pb/235U σ1 206Pb/238U σ2 207Pb/235U σ3 206Pb/238U σ4 Th U Pb
1 0.324 1 0.015 6 0.046 0 0.000 6 285.00 12 290.00 4 59.5 139.0 7.33
2 0.335 5 0.013 6 0.046 9 0.000 6 294.00 10 295.00 3 89.1 189.0 10.36
3 0.333 9 0.015 7 0.047 2 0.000 6 293.00 12 297.00 3 67.8 152.0 8.27
4 0.315 0 0.013 9 0.047 1 0.000 6 278.00 11 297.00 4 82.9 180.0 9.71
5 0.333 6 0.015 4 0.047 0 0.000 6 292.00 12 296.00 4 52.0 135.0 7.19
6 0.332 6 0.015 6 0.047 4 0.000 6 292.00 12 299.00 4 64.6 160.0 8.64
7 0.306 7 0.014 0 0.045 8 0.000 5 272.00 11 288.00 3 84.0 188.0 9.85
8 0.328 4 0.015 0 0.046 3 0.000 6 288.00 11 292.00 4 62.5 155.0 8.08
9 0.345 6 0.014 5 0.046 8 0.000 5 301.00 11 295.00 3 78.2 177.0 9.47
10 0.321 9 0.014 3 0.047 0 0.000 6 283.00 11 296.00 4 55.4 142.0 7.48
11 0.316 5 0.014 4 0.046 7 0.000 6 279.00 11 294.00 3 81.7 178.0 9.55
12 0.333 6 0.015 0 0.047 2 0.000 6 292.00 11 297.00 4 59.7 149.0 7.95
13 0.304 6 0.012 8 0.046 4 0.000 5 270.00 10 292.00 3 99.6 212.0 11.29
14 0.337 9 0.013 6 0.045 8 0.000 5 296.00 10 289.00 3 93.6 210.0 11.05
15 0.328 0 0.015 6 0.047 5 0.000 7 288.00 12 299.00 4 67.4 178.0 9.54
16 0.334 2 0.018 2 0.047 8 0.000 6 293.00 14 301.00 4 63.5 152.0 8.04
17 0.323 2 0.015 0 0.046 4 0.000 6 284.00 11 292.00 4 81.9 188.0 10.02
18 0.314 5 0.014 4 0.046 9 0.000 6 278.00 11 295.00 4 73.6 161.0 8.63
19 0.350 2 0.016 9 0.047 8 0.000 6 305.00 13 301.00 4 37.9 134.0 7.19
20 0.346 3 0.016 3 0.047 3 0.000 6 302.00 12 298.00 4 72.5 171.0 9.21
21 0.357 0 0.013 5 0.047 9 0.000 6 310.00 10 301.00 4 96.0 177.0 10.04
22 0.314 1 0.015 4 0.047 3 0.000 6 277.00 12 298.00 4 59.0 156.0 8.31
23 0.327 1 0.013 9 0.046 0 0.000 6 287.00 11 290.00 4 64.9 167.0 8.74
24 0.342 9 0.013 7 0.047 5 0.000 6 299.00 10 299.00 4 63.1 160.0 8.73
25 0.331 2 0.013 4 0.047 3 0.000 6 290.00 10 298.00 4 72.2 168.0 9.15
26 0.347 8 0.015 2 0.046 0 0.000 6 303.00 11 290.00 3 81.9 186.0 10.00
27 0.326 9 0.013 7 0.045 7 0.000 6 287.00 10 288.00 3 82.3 183.0 9.75
28 0.330 7 0.016 3 0.046 8 0.000 5 290.00 12 295.00 3 79.7 179.0 9.71
29 0.316 4 0.013 8 0.046 7 0.000 5 279.00 11 294.00 3 84.4 158.0 8.79
30 0.334 8 0.015 6 0.046 2 0.000 6 293.00 12 291.00 3 80.4 171.0 9.25

Fig. 6

Zircon U-Pb age of tuff from Permian in Kulai section, northern margin of Tuha Basin"

Fig. 7

Typical characteristics of Permian in Zhaobishan and Kulai sections, northern margin of Tuha Basin"

Fig. 8

Lithofacies paleogeography during the depositional period of Lucaogou Formation/Ta’erlang Formation in Permian surrounding Bogda mountains"

Fig. 9

Geochemical characteristics of mudstone in Permian Ta’erlang Formation from typical wells and outcrops of the southern margin of Bogda mountains"

Fig. 10

Terpane features of typical outcrop and drilling mudstone from Permian Ta’erlang Formation in Tuha Basin"

Table 2

Comparison of the comprehensive evaluation of Permian source rocks surrounding Bogda mountains"

盆地 凹陷/剖面 TOC/% (S1 + S2)/(mg·g-1 HI/(mg·g-1 类型 Ro/% Tmax/℃ 成熟度 资料来源
准噶尔 吉木萨尔 0.30~10.90/
3.40(122)
0.50~79.40/
15.90(122)
48.40~782.00/
378.10(122)
Ⅱ—Ⅰ 0.60~1.20/
0.80(11)
430~455/
444(122)
低熟—成熟 文献[34]
古城 0.30~19.40/
2.50(68)
0.30~128.80/
7.80(68)
30.70~621.10/
261.00
Ⅱ—Ⅲ 1.00~1.20/
1.10(3)
439~453/
446(68)
成熟 文献[34]
吉南 0.61~28.17/
5.36(135)
1.73~238.30/
30.24
27.00~997.00/
628.00
Ⅰ,Ⅱ1 0.52~0.80/
0.91(135)
439~450/
443
低熟—成熟 文献[33]
阜康断裂带上盘 0.80~20.08/
4.94(18)
2.32~164.40/
28.00(18)
30.00~805.00/
463.00
Ⅱ—Ⅰ 1.11~1.83/
1.56(12)
成熟—高成熟 文献[33]
柴窝堡 1.54~10.78 4.13~54.76 1,Ⅱ2 成熟—高成熟 本文
吐哈 塔尔朗沟 0.68~11.03/
3.96(26)
0.13~45.95/
11.97(26)
18.00~549.00/
208.00
1,Ⅱ2 0.58~0.72/
0.65(26)
437~466/
441(26)
低熟—成熟 本文
照壁山 0.58~3.75/
2.33(5)
0.07~0.20
0.16(5)
4.20~7.80/
5.90(5)
1.72~1.81 528~533/
531(5)
高成熟 本文
照壁山 1.10~4.38/
2.37
0.11~0.93/
0.34
2,Ⅲ 文献[10]
台北南缘 1.67~8.54 1.62~11.11 1.04~1.27/ 成熟 文献[36]
台南 0.17~5.04/
2.26
0.03~7.85/
1.83
12.00~191.00/
106.00
2,Ⅲ 0.64~0.78/
0.71
431~445/
438
低熟—成熟 本文
大南湖 0.50~8.25/
2.58
0.32~18.28/
2.51
25.00~575.00/
112
2,Ⅲ 0.61~0.73/
0.69
435~449
441
低熟—成熟 本文

Fig. 11

Tectonic framework and source rock distribution during the depositional period of Permian Ta’erlang Formation in Tuha Basin"

Fig. 12

Typical structural styles in the northern piedmont zone and stratigraphic column of well Lingtan 1, Tuha Basin"

Fig. 13

Petroleum system accumulation models of Permian in Tuha Basin"

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