岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 26–37.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250203

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

陆相湖盆转换面与规模圈闭发育特征

杨占龙1,2, 李相博1,2, 沙雪梅1,2, 郝彬1,2   

  1. 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院 西北分院, 兰州 730020;
    2. 中国石油集团油藏描述重点实验室, 兰州 730020
  • 收稿日期:2024-09-20 修回日期:2024-10-29 发布日期:2025-03-06
  • 第一作者:杨占龙（1970—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事沉积盆地油气地质特征综合评价与岩性油气藏勘探方法与技术研究。地址：（730020）甘肃省兰州市城关区雁儿湾路535号。Email：yang_zl@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金“鄂尔多斯盆地延长组深水块状砂岩形成机理及沉积模式研究”（编号：41772099），中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技项目“吐哈盆地北部山前带综合地质研究”（编号：RIPED-2023-JS-2206）和“吐哈盆地前侏罗系综合地质研究”（编号：RIPED-2023-JS-2207）联合资助。

Transition surfaces and the characteristics of large-scale traps occurrence in lacustrine basins

YANG Zhanlong1,2, LI Xiangbo1,2, SHA Xuemei1,2, HAO Bin1,2   

  1. 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    2. Key laboratory of Reservoir Description, China National Petroleum Corporation, Lanzhou 730020, China
  • Received:2024-09-20 Revised:2024-10-29 Published:2025-03-06

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摘要： 通过对陆相湖盆填充的控制因素分析，并对不同阶段湖盆填充特征及演化过程的研究，梳理了转换面类型及其与规模圈闭的发育关系，明确了有利勘探领域。研究结果表明：①在构造活动与气候变化双重因素控制下，根据潜在可容纳空间与沉积物+水供给的相对平衡关系，湖盆可划分为过填充、平衡填充与欠填充3种类型，各类湖盆具有典型的生储盖组合特征。②陆相湖盆主要发育以下几种类型的转换面：在构造活动性质变化下形成的以不整合面为代表的构造转换面、沉积环境与沉积体系变化导致岩性差异为主的沉积转换面、不同层系生物群种属和丰度变化形成的生物转换面及湖盆水化学性质差异形成的地球化学转换面等。各类转换面之间具有一定依附隶属关系，构造转换面必然是沉积、生物与地球化学转换面；生物、地球化学转换面往往对应一定级别的沉积转换面，甚至是构造转换面，但沉积转换面并不一定是生物和地球化学转换面。③构造转换面主要反映不同湖盆填充阶段构造、地层规模圈闭的发育特征；沉积转换面控制的岩性、成岩及物性等圈闭主要反映单一湖盆填充阶段规模圈闭的发育特征；生物与地球化学转换面主要通过控制湖盆烃源岩的发育背景及其特征来影响湖盆内规模圈闭的发育。④发育不同类型规模圈闭的近岸水下扇、异重流、重力流等沉积体系为陆相湖盆的有利勘探领域。

关键词: 构造转换面, 沉积转换面, 地球化学转换面, 规模圈闭, 构造活动, 气候变化, 可容纳空间, 沉积物+水供给, 陆相湖盆

Abstract: Based on the analysis of the controlling factors of lacustrine basin infilling，considering the infilling features in different stages and the evolution of a whole lake basin，the transition surfaces and the developmental relationship between occurrence of large-scale traps and various transition surfaces were discussed. The results show that：（1）With the jointly controlling of tectonic activity and climate change，lake basins can be divided into three types，such as overfilled，balanced-fill，underfilled according to the relative balance of potential accommodation change with sediment + water supply and each stage has typical source-reservoir-cap assemblages.（2）Tectonic transition surfaces，mainly dominated by unconformity due to the change in tectonic activity，sedimentary transition surface，mainly caused by lithology variation due to the changes in environment and sedimentary system，and biological and geochemical transition surfaces，totally affected by the difference of biological species and abundances and chemical stratification of water，are widely developed in lacustrine basins. There is a certain dependency relationship between different types of transition surfaces. The tectonic transition surface is necessarily a sedimentary，biological，and geochemical transition surface. The biological and geochemical transition surfaces often correspond to sedimentary transition surface in certain level and even to the tectonic transition surface，but the sedimentary transition surface is not necessarily the biological and geochemical transition surfaces.（3）Tectonic transition surface mainly reflects the occurrence of tectonic and stratigraphic large-scale traps in different infilling stages. The lithological，diagenesis and physical properties traps controlled by sedimentary transition surface mainly reflect the large-scale traps occurrence in a single infilling stage. Biological and geochemical transition surfaces mainly affect the occurrence of large-scale traps by controlling the background and characteristics of source rocks of a lake.（4）Sedimentary systems with large-scale traps，such as nearshore underwater fans，hyperpycnal flow and gravity flow etc. are favorable potential exploration domains of lacustrine basins.

Key words: tectonic transition surfaces, sedimentary transition surface, geochemical transition surfaces, trap in large scale, tectonic activity, climate change, accommodation, sediment+water supply, lacustrine basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3
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