岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (4): 169–183.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250416

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

第聂伯—顿涅茨盆地坳拉槽发育特征及油气成藏条件

李庚桐, 何登发   

  1. 中国地质大学（北京）能源学院, 北京 100083
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-11 修回日期:2025-01-22 发布日期:2025-07-05
  • 第一作者:李庚桐（1997-），女，中国地质大学（北京）在读硕士研究生，研究方向为盆地构造解析与油气地质。地址：（100083）北京市海淀区学院路29号中国地质大学（北京）能源学院。Email：963791937@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 何登发（1967-），男，博士，教授，主要从事盆地构造与能源地质方面的研究。Email：hedengfa282@263.net。

Development characteristics and oil-gas accumulation condition of the aulacogen in Dnieper-Donets Basin

LI Gengtong, HE Dengfa   

  1. School of Energy Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
  • Received:2024-11-11 Revised:2025-01-22 Published:2025-07-05

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摘要： 坳拉槽的地质结构、形成演化及其对油气聚集和分布的控制作用是研究裂谷盆地的关键内容，对于克拉通盆地的深层—超深层油气勘探具有重要意义。通过对第聂伯—顿涅茨盆地（DDB）典型坳拉槽开展地质结构与油气地质条件研究，利用地震与钻井资料，结合盆内油气田统计数据，探讨其油气成藏条件。研究结果表明：①第聂伯—顿涅茨盆地坳拉槽同生裂谷期控制了源-储组合的发育；后裂谷期发育的褶皱及断层是圈闭形成的关键，盐构造（盐底辟及盐流运动等）不仅有利于油气的运移与聚集，还保证了盖层的封闭性。研究区可划分为断裂控油（气）运移成藏模式和盐构造相关油（气）成藏模式2种类型。②盆地内的油气资源主要储集在石炭系—下二叠统中。横向上受断层控制，集中分布于盆地中部的断陷带，而在南北断阶带分布较为零散。整体上，油气沿断裂带及其周边区域呈带状展布，具有东南产气、西北产油的分布特征。③坳拉槽的同生裂谷期沉积建造具有巨大潜力，断裂带对油气的运聚与空间分布具有极强的控制作用，坳拉槽作为克拉通盆地深层—超深层油气勘探的一个重要领域，可作为未来研究与勘探的重要方向。

关键词: 克拉通盆地, 裂谷, 坳拉槽, 断陷带, 盐构造, 石炭系, 下二叠统, 第聂伯—顿涅茨盆地

Abstract: The geological structure，formation and evolution of the aulacogen， and its control on the accumulation and distribution of oil and gas are the key issues in the study of rift basins，which are of great significance for deep and ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in craton basins. Based on the study of the geological structure and oil-gas geological conditions of the typical aulacogen in Dnieper-Donets Basin（DDB），combined with statistics of oil and gas fields in the basin， the oil-gas accumulation conditions of the DDB were explored by using seismic and drilling data. The results show that： （1）The syngenetic rift period in the DDB controlled the development of the source-reservoir combination.The folds and faults developed in the post-rift period are the key to the trap formation.The salt structures（salt diapir and salt flow movement，etc.）not only facilitate the migration and accumulation of oil and gas，but also ensure the sealing of the cap rock.There are two oil-gas accumulation models： fault-controlled oil（gas）migration and accumulation； salt structure-related oil（gas）accumulation.（2） The oil and gas resources in the basin are mainly stored in Carboniferous-Lower Permian.Horizontally controlled by faults，it is concentrated in the central fault zone of the basin，while it is more scattered in the north-south fault terrace zone. On the whole，oil and gas are distributed in a belt along the fault zone and its surrounding areas， showing the distribution characteristics of gas production in the southeast and oil production in the northwest. （3）The syngenetic rift period sedimentary structure of the aulacogen has great potential. The fault zone has strong controlling effects on hydrocarbon migration and accumulation， and spatial distribution of oil and gas. As an important area of deep to ultra-deep oil and gas exploration in craton basin，the aulacogen can be a key direction for future research and exploration.

Key words: craton basin, rift valley, aulacogen, fault depression zone, salt structure, Carboniferous, Lower Permian, Dnieper-Donets Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121
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