岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (1): 102–114.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250109

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

松辽盆地徐家围子断陷白垩系沙河子组超压形成机制及其演化特征

陈红果1,2, 张凤奇1,2, 江青春3, 刘红艳4, 孙立东4, 刘刚3   

  1. 1. 西安石油大学 地球科学与工程学院, 西安 710065;
    2. 西安石油大学 陕西省油气成藏地质学重点实验室, 西安 710065;
    3. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083;
    4. 大庆油田有限责任公司勘探开发研究院, 黑龙江 大庆 163712
  • 收稿日期:2023-09-26 修回日期:2023-11-17 出版日期:2025-01-01 发布日期:2025-01-04
  • 第一作者:陈红果（1998—），男，西安石油大学在读硕士研究生，主要研究方向为非常规油气地质学、油气成藏地质学。地址：（710065）陕西省西安市雁塔区电子二路东段18号。Email：3272517496@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 张凤奇（1981—），男，博士，教授，主要从事油气形成机制与油气成藏动力学方面的科研和教学工作。Email:zhangfq@xsyu.edu.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油前瞻性基础性科技攻关项目“深层超深层油气成藏过程与油气分布规律研究”（编号：2021DJ0203）；国家自然科学基金面上项目“压力—应力耦合对前陆冲断带深层—超深层碎屑岩储层异常高原生孔隙的保存机制研究”（编号：42172164）；西安石油大学研究生创新与实践能力培养计划项目（编号：YCS22113094）联合资助。

Overpressure-generating mechanism and its evolution characteristics of Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi Fault Depression，Songliao Basin

CHEN Hongguo1,2, ZHANG Fengqi1,2, JIANG Qingchun3, LIU Hongyan4, SUN Lidong4, LIU Gang3   

  1. 1. School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi'an Shiyou University, Xi'an 710065, China;
    2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Petroleum Accumulation Geology, Xi'an 710065, China;
    3. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina, Beijing 100083, China;
    4. Exploration and Production Research Institute, Daqing Oil field Limited Company, Daqing 163712, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2023-09-26 Revised:2023-11-17 Online:2025-01-01 Published:2025-01-04

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摘要： 综合利用钻井、测井、压力测试以及分析化验等资料，对松辽盆地徐家围子断陷白垩系沙河子组现今超压特征及形成机制进行了分析，采用数值模拟方法对不同构造单元、不同岩性烃源岩超压的演化进行了定量恢复，并对超压贡献率进行了计算。研究结果表明：①徐家围子断陷白垩系沙河子组现今为常压-弱超压系统，凸起区超压最大；烃源岩超压以生烃增压作用为主，其次为欠压实作用，而储层超压为烃源岩超压对其的超压传递造成，与断裂及背斜的形成和发育密切相关。②研究区沙河子组烃源岩超压主要为煤层和富有机质泥岩的生烃增压作用，通常煤层生烃增压贡献率最大，富有机质泥岩次之，贫有机质泥岩超压较低，而生烃凹陷及周缘富有机质泥岩生烃增压贡献率高于煤层；凹陷区烃源岩生烃增压贡献率高于斜坡带和凸起区。③研究区沙河子组超压的演化可分为3个阶段，白垩纪早—中期为缓慢增压阶段，烃源岩因欠压实作用和缓慢生烃作用产生超压，经沙河子组—营城组沉积期活动性断裂和背斜传递至储层，储层超压缓慢增长；白垩纪晚期为快速增压阶段，烃源岩大量生气，生烃增压作用和欠压实作用产生的超压持续传递，储层超压快速升高，该阶段造成的储层超压占现今总超压的90%；古近纪早期至今为保持稳定阶段，构造稳定，烃源岩的生烃增压作用和欠压实作用稳定，超压基本保持不变，储层超压稳定增长。④研究区沙河子组不同岩性地层超压的差异性演化控制着天然气的分布，源、储过剩压力差为油气运移提供了动力条件，贫有机质泥岩盖层为下覆储层提供了封闭条件。

关键词: 超压, 生烃增压, 超压传递, 欠压实, 煤系烃源岩, 沙河子组, 白垩系, 徐家围子断陷, 松辽盆地

Abstract: Using the data of drilling，logging，pressure testing and analysis test，the current overpressure characteristics and the formation mechanism of overpressure of Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression of Songliao Basin were analyzed The overpressure evolution of source rocks with different structural units and different lithology is quantitatively restored by numerical simulation method，and the contribution of each overpressure to total overpressure is calculated. The results show that：（1）The present pressure of Cretaceous Shahezi Formation in Xujiaweizi fault depression are normal pressure-weak overpressure system， and the overpressure in the uplift is largest in the sag. Overpressure in the source rock is mainly driven by hydrocarbon generation and its second origin is undercompaction，while overpressure in the reservoir is the overpressure transfer effect from source rock overpressure，which is closely related to the formation and development of faults and anticlines.（2）The overpressure of source rocks in the Shahezi Formation in the study area is mainly caused by hydrocarbon generation of coal seam and organic-rich mudstone. Generally，the contribution ratio of hydrocarbon generation to total overpressure is the largest in coal seam，followed by organicrich mudstone，and organic-poor mudstone is lower，while the contribution ratio of hydrocarbon generation to total overpressure in the organic-rich mudstone is higher than that of coal seam in the sag and its periphery. The contribution ratio of hydrocarbon generation to total overpressure in the sag is higher than that in the slope zone and the uplift.（3）The evolution of overpressure in Shahezi Formation in the study area can be divided into three stages. The early to middle Cretaceous period is a slow pressurization stage. Overpressure was generated by undercompaction and slow hydrocarbon generation of source rocks，and was transmitted to the reservoir through active faults and anticline formation in Shahezi and Yingcheng formations，and overpressure in the reservoir increased slowly. The late Cretaceous period was a stage of rapid pressurization，with a large amount of gas generation in source rocks. In this stage，continuous transfer of overpressure caused by hydrocarbon generation and undercompaction make the overpressure in the reservoir be rapidly increased. The overpressure in the reservoir in this stage accounted for 90% of the total overpressure at present. The early Paleogene to the present is a stable stage. During this period，the tectonic is stable，overpressure induced by the hydrocarbon generatation and undercompaction in the source rock basically unchanged. Otherwise，the overpressure in the reservoir increases steadily. （4） The differential evolution of overpressure in different lithologic strata of Shahezi Formation in the study area controls the distribution of natural gas，overpressure difference between source and reservoir provides dynamic conditions for oil and gas migration，and the overpressure developed by organic-poor mudstone cap layer provides overpressure sealing conditions for the underlying reservoir.

Key words: overpressure, hydrocarbon-generating pressurization, overpressure transfer, undercompaction, coal-measure source rock, Shahezi Formation, Cretaceous, Xujiaweizi Fault Depression, Songliao Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2
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