准噶尔盆地南安集海河剖面中侏罗统头屯河组浅水三角洲沉积特征

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20230414

岩性油气藏 ›› 2023, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (4): 145–160.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20230414

准噶尔盆地南安集海河剖面中侏罗统头屯河组浅水三角洲沉积特征

付文俊¹, 张昌民¹, 冀东升², 娄林², 刘家乐¹, 王绪龙²

1. 长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100;
2. 中国石油新疆油田分公司, 新疆克拉玛依 830013

收稿日期:2022-08-10 修回日期:2022-09-01 出版日期:2023-07-01 发布日期:2023-07-01
第一作者:付文俊(1998-),男,长江大学在读硕士研究生,研究方向为矿物学、岩石学、矿床学。地址:(430100) 湖北省武汉市蔡甸区大学路111号。Email:202071383@yangtzeu.edu.cn。
通信作者: 张昌民(1963-),男,博士,教授,主要从事沉积学与石油地质学方面的教学与研究工作。Email:zcm@yangtzeu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目“分支河流体系沉积模式与储层定量分布预测模型”（编号：42130813）资助。

Sedimentary characteristics of shallow water delta of Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in southern Anjihai river outcrops，Junggar Basin

FU Wenjun¹, ZHANG Changmin¹, JI Dongsheng², LOU Lin², LIU Jiale¹, WANG Xulong²

1. School of Geoscience, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China;
2. PetroChina Xinjiang Oilfield Company, Karamay 830013, Xinjiang, China

Received:2022-08-10 Revised:2022-09-01 Online:2023-07-01 Published:2023-07-01

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 准噶尔盆地南缘中侏罗统头屯河组是重要的油气勘探目的层系。通过对准噶尔盆地南缘南安集海河剖面实地丈量，结合岩石样品的薄片鉴定资料和地球化学分析测试资料，对该剖面头屯河组的岩性和沉积构造进行了描述，分析了其沉积环境、沉积相类型及其演化规律。研究结果表明： ①准噶尔盆地南缘南安集海地区中侏罗世头屯河组沉积期经历了半干旱—干旱—湿润的气候演化，湖盆水体较浅，湖底地形平缓，发育浅水三角洲沉积。②在剖面上识别出了分流河道、分流间洼地、水下分流河道、水下分流间湾、席状砂、滩坝等6种沉积微相类型。头屯河组浅水三角洲受河流和湖浪共同作用，在湖盆水体稳定期形成了河控浅水三角洲；在高频振荡期发育了浪控浅水三角洲。③从头屯河组沉积早期到晚期，湖平面先下降后上升。头屯河组一段发育河控浅水三角洲，分流河道水动力较强，河流频繁改道分叉，不断向湖盆方向进积，多期河道呈拼接式，此时分流河道和水下分流河道占据主导地位。随着气候进一步干旱，头屯河组二段发育浪控浅水三角洲，河流作用减弱，波浪改造作用增强，三角洲平原以发育切叠式分流河道为主，三角洲前缘水下分流河道砂体被波浪冲刷改造，形成带状展布的席状砂。头屯河组三段，由于准噶尔盆地持续沉降和三角洲朵体侧向迁移作用，浅水湖盆的三角洲朵体表面被湖水覆盖，浅水三角洲前缘的部分碎屑物质受风浪改造，形成平行于湖岸的滩坝沉积。

关键词: 浅水三角洲, 河控, 浪控, 沉积相, 沉积模式, 头屯河组, 中侏罗统, 准噶尔盆地

Abstract: The Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation is an important exploration target zone in the southern margin of Junggar Basin. Based on the field survey of southern Anjihai river outcrops in the southern margin of Junggar Basin，combined with thin section identification of rock samples and geochemical analysis data，the lithologies and sedimentary structure of Toutunhe Formation were descried，and the sedimentary environment，sedimentary facies types and depositional evolution were analyzed. The results show that：（1）The Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in the study area experienced a semi-arid，arid and humid climate evolution during the sedimentary period. The lacustrine basin was shallow，the lake bottom was gentle，and shallow delta deposits were developed.（2）Six types of sedimentary microfacies were developed in the study area，including distributary channel，inter-distributary depression，underwater distributary channel，inter-distributary bay，sheet sand and beach bar. The shallow water delta of Toutunhe Formation was affected by rivers and lake waves，forming a river-dominated shallow water delta in the stable period of lacustrine basin，and wave-dominated shallow water delta was developed.（3）From the early stage to the late stage of Toutunhe Formation，the lake level generally decreased and then increased. Riverdominated shallow water delta was developed in the first member of Toutunhe Formation，the distributary channel had strong hydrodynamic force. The river was frequently diverted and bifurcated，and continuously accumulated towards the lacustrine basin. The multi-stage channels were spliced. At that time，it was dominated by distributary channel and underwater distributary channel. Subsequently，the climate was further dry，wave-controlled shallow water delta was developed in the second member of Toutunhe Formation. The river action was weakened，and the wave action was enhanced. The delta plain was dominated by the development of a folded distributary channel. The sand bodies of underwater distributary channel of the delta front were transformed by wave scouring，forming strip-shaped sheet sand. During the deposition of the third member of Toutunhe Formation， due to the continuous subsidence of the Junggar Basin and the lateral migration of delta lobes，the surface of delta lobes in the shallow lacustrine basin was covered by lake water，and part of the clastic materials in the front of the shallow delta were reconstructed by lake waves， forming beach bar deposits parallel to the lake shore.

Key words: shallow water delta, river-dominated, wave-dominated, sedimentary facies, depositional model, Toutunhe Formation, Middle Jurassic, Junggar Basin

中图分类号:

TE122.1

付文俊, 张昌民, 冀东升, 娄林, 刘家乐, 王绪龙. 准噶尔盆地南安集海河剖面中侏罗统头屯河组浅水三角洲沉积特征[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2023, 35(4): 145–160.

FU Wenjun, ZHANG Changmin, JI Dongsheng, LOU Lin, LIU Jiale, WANG Xulong. Sedimentary characteristics of shallow water delta of Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in southern Anjihai river outcrops，Junggar Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2023, 35(4): 145–160.

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准噶尔盆地南安集海河剖面中侏罗统头屯河组浅水三角洲沉积特征

Sedimentary characteristics of shallow water delta of Middle Jurassic Toutunhe Formation in southern Anjihai river outcrops，Junggar Basin

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