岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 180–190.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260116

• 石油工程与油气田开发 • 上一篇    

页岩油储层前置CO2压裂液体滞留效应研究进展

张衍君1(), 刘拯君1, 徐豪1, 贺文杰1, 刘亚茹2, 邢亮3, 周德胜1, 王祯1   

  1. 1 西安石油大学 石油工程学院， 西安 710065
    2 中国石化临汾煤层气分公司， 山西 临汾 041000
    3 河北工程大学 机械与装备工程学院， 河北 邯郸 056038
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-08 修回日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 第一作者:张衍君（1992—），男，博士，副教授，主要从事非常规储层压裂井间干扰机理及控制方法、压裂-提采一体化、液体滞留机理及排采制度优化等方面的研究工作。地址：（710065）陕西省西安市电子二路东段18号。Email:15010058869@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金青年项目“压裂井间干扰条件下页岩油储层井间裂缝连通机理及调控方法”(52304039);国家自然科学基金联合项目“超深储层水力压裂改造裂缝轨迹延伸机理与控制方法研究”(U23B2089)

Research progress on retention effects of pre-CO2 fracturing fluid of shale oil reservoirs

ZHANG Yanjun1(), LIU Zhengjun1, XU Hao1, HE Wenjie1, LIU Yaru2, XING Liang3, ZHOU Desheng1, WANG Zhen1   

  1. 1 College of Petroleum Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
    2 Linfen Coalbed Methane Branch, Sinopec, Linfen 041000, Shanxi, China
    3 School of Mechanical and Equipment Engineering, Hebei University of Engineering, Handan 056038, Hebei, China
  • Received:2025-07-08 Revised:2025-07-14 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23

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摘要：

利用前置CO2压裂技术开发页岩油储层优势明显，能够降低储层伤害、提高缝网复杂度及油气动用程度。通过大量文献调研和系统梳理，总结了前置CO2压裂液体滞留机理及引起的储层物理-化学性质变化，并讨论了前置CO2压裂液体滞留效应的阶段性及压裂工艺的适用性。研究结果表明：①页岩油储层前置CO2压裂液滞留机理主要包括多级裂缝网络滞留、近缝面基质渗吸滞留、物理-化学作用引起滞留；主裂缝中重力主导滞留，分支及微裂缝的“闭锁”效应明显。②液体滞留引起储层物理-化学性质变化包括促进缝网形成、弱化水相圈闭、基质孔隙增压；CO2通过影响表面张力进而影响近缝面基质液体的滞留，其强扩散效果及对岩石的溶蚀作用有利于形成复杂裂缝网络，以改善岩石的渗透性。③前置CO2压裂液体滞留效应在裂缝扩展、闷井、返排、生产4个阶段差异明显，未来需加强前置CO2压裂技术的迭代升级，发挥CO2驱油与封存协同优势，发展智能调控优化储层多介质协同注入策略，实现油气增产与碳中和共同发展。

关键词: 页岩油, 前置CO2压裂, 滞留效应, “闭锁”效应, 表面张力, 裂缝网络, 渗透性, 驱油效率

Abstract:

The pre-CO2 fracturing technology has obvious advantages in developing shale oil reservoirs, which can reduce reservoir damage, improve fracture network complexity and oil-gas utilization degree. Through extensive information investigation and systematic review, retention mechanism and resulting changes in reservoir physical-chemical properties of pre-CO2 fracturing fluid were summarized, and the stages of pre-CO2 fracturing fluid retention effect and the applicability of fracturing technology were discussed. The results show that: （1） Retention mechanisms of pre-CO2 fracturing fluid in shale oil reservoirs mainly include multi-level fracture network retention, near fracture surface matrix imbibition retention, and physical-chemical interaction retention. Gravity dominates the retention in main fractures, and the “locking” effect of branches and micro-fractures is significant.（2） Physical-chemical property changes of reservoir caused by liquid retention include: promoting the formation of fracture networks, weakening water phase trapping, and increasing the pressure of matrix pores. CO2 affects the retention of matrix liquid near the fracture surface by influencing surface tension. Its strong diffusion effect and dissolution on rocks facilitate the formation of complex fracture networks, thereby altering the permeability of rocks. （3） The retention effect of pre-CO2 fracturing fluid varies significantly in the four stages of fracture propagation, well shut-in, flowback and production. In the future, it is necessary to enhance the iterative upgrade of pre-CO2 fracturing technology, leverage the synergistic advantages of CO2 flooding and storage, develop intelligent regulation and optimization strategies for multi-media coordinated injection in reservoirs, and achieve the common development of oil and gas production increase and carbon neutrality.

Key words: shale oil, pre-CO2 fracturing, retention effect, “locking” effect, surface tension, fracture network, permeability, oil displacement efficiency

中图分类号: 

  • TE357

图1

多级裂缝网中压裂液滞留对比示意图"

图2

页岩油储层前置CO2影响下压裂液状态示意图"

图3

页岩油储层前置CO2压裂降低“闭锁”现象示意图"

表1

多级裂缝中压裂液滞留机理汇总"

裂缝
类型		 裂缝
宽度/mm		 裂缝中主要
滞留机理		 前置CO2压裂
助排作用
主裂缝 > 0.80 重力、粘滞力 膨胀增压提升动力、
降低压裂液黏度
分支
裂缝		 0.25~0.80 重力、粘滞力、
裂缝“闭锁”		 膨胀释放能量
微裂缝 < 0.25 裂缝“闭锁”、
毛管力、水膜		 动力增大，减缓裂缝
闭合，降低毛管力

图4

不同压裂方式致裂岩石示意图（据文献[67]修改）"

图5

弱化水相圈闭示意图"

表2

吉木萨尔与古龙前置CO2适用性分析对比"

对比因素 吉木萨尔特点 古龙特点 适用性
矿物组成 碳酸盐含量高 黏土含量高 吉木萨尔碳酸盐容易与CO2反应生成溶蚀孔，改善渗透率；
古龙黏土矿物容易与CO2反应导致支撑剂嵌入和裂缝闭合
原油性质 重质组分含量高，
黏度较大		 轻质组分较多、黏度低，
原油流动性好		 吉木萨尔高黏原油降黏效果显著，而古龙轻质油流动性改善有限
页岩结构 砂质、白云质为主 页理极度发育 吉木萨尔利于形成复杂缝网，古龙高密度页理抑制主裂缝穿层
扩展、裂缝延伸长度有限
缝网形成 溶蚀形成复杂裂缝 裂缝集中于近井地带，
不利于裂缝的延伸		 吉木萨尔更容易形成有效缝网；古龙因页理限制，
压裂改造体积降低
渗透率 溶蚀渗透率提高 黏土运移可能导致渗透率下降 吉木萨尔CO2对渗透率改善具有全域性；古龙仅局部有效
支撑有效性 支撑剂嵌入风险低 嵌入风险高 古龙需采用大粒径支撑剂组合降低失效险
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