岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 141–148.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260312

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

南海西缘中建南盆地构造格局及油气成藏模式

杨金海1(), 余一欣2,3(), 欧阳杰1, 许马光1, 金峰1, 张宇航4, 余浪2,3   

  1. 1 中海石油（中国）有限公司 海南分公司， 海口 570312
    2 中国石油大学（北京） 油气资源与工程全国重点实验室， 北京 102249
    3 中国石油大学（北京） 地球科学学院， 北京 102249
    4 西安石油大学 地球科学与工程学院， 西安 710065
  • 收稿日期:2025-09-26 修回日期:2025-12-01 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-02-09
  • 第一作者:杨金海（1982—），男，高级工程师，主要从事南海西部油气勘探研究方面的工作。地址：（570312）海南省海口市秀英区长滨三路8号中海石油（中国）有限公司海南分公司勘探部。Email:yangjinhai@cnooc.com.cn。
  • 通信作者: 余一欣（1977—），男，博士，教授，主要从事含油气盆地构造地质学教学、科研方面的工作。Email:yuxin0707@163.com。
  • 基金资助:
    油气重大专项“南海远海构造沉积差异演化与有利凹陷及勘探方向优选”(2025ZD1402705);油气重大专项“深水中深层/超深层油气成藏机理与勘探开发关键技术”(2025ZD1402702)

Structural framework and hydrocarbon accumulation models of Zhongjiannan Basin in the western edge of the South China Sea

YANG Jinhai1(), YU Yixin2,3(), OUYANG Jie1, XU Maguang1, JIN Feng1, ZHANG Yuhang4, YU Lang2,3   

  1. 1 Hainan Branch of CNOOC (China) Co.,Ltd., Haikou 570312, China
    2 State Key Laboratory of Petroleum Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum (Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
    3 College of Geosciences, China University of Petroleum, Beijing 102249, China
    4 School of Earth Sciences and Engineering, Xi’an Shiyou University, Xi’an 710065, China
  • Received:2025-09-26 Revised:2025-12-01 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-02-09

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摘要：

南海西缘中建南盆地勘探程度低，制约了油气勘探进展。通过全面整合中建南盆地各时期二维地震资料和油气勘探成果，对中新统—始新统地层发育特征和盆地构造格局进行了系统分析，并探讨了油气地质条件和成藏模式。研究结果表明：①中建南盆地主要发育5个区域不整合，分别为始新统底界、中新统三亚组底界、日照组底界、重云组底界和上新统中建组底界。伸展断裂和走滑断裂主要呈近SN、NE和NW向展布，其中近SN向和NE向断裂控制了盆地隆坳格局，可以划分出“三坳两隆一斜坡”等6个一级构造单元。②中建南盆地发育中始新统湖相烃源岩、上始新统—渐新统湖相和海陆交互相烃源岩以及下—中中新统海相烃源岩等3套主力烃源岩，油气沿构造脊和大型不整合面侧向运移，沿大型油源断裂垂向输导，上新统—第四系区域泥岩盖层披覆下的构造、地层和岩性等多种圈闭是油气聚集成藏的有利场所；西部斜坡、北部隆起及南部隆起的构造与地层圈闭，北部和中部坳陷的岩性圈闭群，以及西部斜坡和中部隆起等局部构造高部位发育的生物礁储层等都具备一定的勘探潜力。

关键词: 不整合, 断裂体系, 构造单元划分, 侧向运移, 油源断裂, 生物礁, 岩性油气藏, 中建南盆地, 南海西缘

Abstract:

The low exploration level of Zhongjiannan Basin in the western edge of the South China Sea has constrained the progress of hydrocarbon exploration. By integrating 2D seismic data and exploration achivement from different periods in Zhongjiannan Basin, stratigraphic development characteristics and structural patterns of Miocene to Eocene were systematically analyzed, and geological conditions and hydrocarbon accumulation mo-dels were explored. The results show that： （1） Five major regional unconformities, such as the bottom boundary of Eocene, the bottom boundary of Miocene Sanya Foumation, Rizhao Formation bottom boundary, Chongyun Formation bottom boundary, and the bottom boundary of Pliocene Zhongjian Formation, are developed in Zhongjiannan Basin. Extensional and strike-slip faults are mainly distributed in the near SN, NE, and NW directions. And the near SN and NE-trending faults control the pattern of uplifts and depressions in the basin. Upon that, Zhongjiannan Basin can be divided into six first-order structural units of “three depressions, two uplifts, and one slope”. （2） There are three main sets of hydrocarbon source rocks developed in Zhongjiannan Basin, including middle Eocene lacustrine source rocks, Upper Eocene-Oligocene lacustrine and marine-terrestrial source rocks, and Lower-Middle Miocene marine source rocks. Hydrocarbon migrate laterally along structural ridges and large-scale unconformities, and transport vertically along major oil-source faults. Structures, strata, and lithology under the regional mudstone cover of Upper Neogene and Quaternary are favorable places for hydrocarbon enrichment and accumulation. The structural and stratigraphic traps of the western slope, northern uplift, and southern uplift, lithological trap groups of the northern and central depressions, as well as reef reservoirs developed in the high parts of local structures of the western slope and central uplift, all have certain exploration potential.

Key words: unconformity, fault system, structural units division, lateral migration, oil-source fault, reef, lithologic reservoir, Zhongjiannan Basin, western edge of the South China Sea

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

南海中建南盆地构造纲要（a）和新生界岩性地层综合柱状图（b）（据文献[23]修改）"

图2

中建南盆地区域地震-地质剖面（剖面位置见图1a）"

图3

中建南盆地主要地层界面时间域埋深图"

图4

中建南盆地不同时期地层厚度图（时间域）"

图5

中建南盆地断裂系统图"

图6

中建南盆地西缘走滑断裂发育特征（剖面位置见图1）（据文献[22]修改）"

图7

中建南盆地过CV-1X井地震剖面（剖面位置见图1）（据文献[22]修改）"

图8

中建南盆地构造单元划分"

图9

中建南盆地油气成藏模式"

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