鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区石炭系—二叠系煤岩气储层特征及勘探潜力

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260504

岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 40–50.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260504

鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区石炭系—二叠系煤岩气储层特征及勘探潜力

黄力¹^,²(), 赵龙梅¹^,², 陈东¹^,², 赵浩阳¹^,², 张艺馨¹^,², 石石¹^,², 张稳¹^,², 季亮²

¹ 中联煤层气国家工程研究中心有限责任公司，北京 100095
² 中石油煤层气有限责任公司，北京 100028

收稿日期:2025-12-12 修回日期:2026-03-31 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
第一作者:黄力（1984—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事非常规油气开发地质研究。地址：（100028）北京市朝阳区丰和大厦中石油煤层气公司。Email:huangl_cbm@petrochina.com.cn。
基金资助:
中国石油天然气股份有限公司攻关性应用性项目“深地煤岩气开发优化设计关键技术研究”(2023ZZ1804);煤层气公司科技项目“大吉区块深层煤层气（煤岩气）开发方案优化研究”(2025-KJ-08);课题三“煤岩气直丛井开发技术政策优化研究”(25MQCTSG010)

Characteristics and exploration potential of coal rock gas reservoirs in Carboniferous-Permian in Yichuan area, Ordos Basin

HUANG Li¹^,²(), ZHAO Longmei¹^,², CHEN Dong¹^,², ZHAO Haoyang¹^,², ZHANG Yixin¹^,², SHI Shi¹^,², ZHANG Wen¹^,², JI Liang²

¹ China United Coalbed Methane National Engineering Research Center Co., Ltd., Beijing 100095， China
² PetroChina Coalbed Methane Co., Ltd., Beijing 100028， China

Received:2025-12-12 Revised:2026-03-31 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

以鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区石炭系本溪组8号煤、二叠系山西组5号煤为研究对象，通过岩心实验测定煤质组分、全硫含量、镜质体反射率、含气量等指标，结合测井解释资料，系统剖析了这2套煤层的岩石学、物性、吸附性能及微观裂缝发育特征，进而开展了煤岩气有利区评价与预测。研究结果表明：①宜川地区8号煤与5号煤在煤体结构、煤岩煤质及热演化程度等方面高度相似，均以原生结构煤为主，煤阶达贫煤—无烟煤阶段，生烃潜力强，R_o均值分别为2.31%、2.24%；孔隙类型均以有机质孔为主，微孔体积占孔隙总体积比例超过67%，且比表面积贡献率超过99%，为吸附气赋存的主要空间。②研究区8号煤层的资源丰度、储层厚度及顶板封盖性能均更优；5号煤层的割理与微裂隙更发育，开发中需扩大开发井井距、降低单井配产，同时控制压裂规模，避免井间串扰与地层压窜问题。③研究区西部为2套煤层共同的Ⅰ类“甜点”区，区内煤层厚度大于5 m，热演化程度、含气量、可压性均表现良好，顶、底板灰岩和泥岩组合封闭条件好，水动力较弱，具备纵向立体开发有利条件。

关键词: 深层煤岩气, 多层立体勘探, 储-盖组合, “甜点”评价, 本溪组8号煤, 山西组5号煤, 石炭系—二叠系, 宜川地区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Taking the No. 8 coal seam of Carboniferous Benxi Formation and the No. 5 coal seam of Permian Shanxi Formation in Yichuan area of Ordos Basin as the research targets, based on core experiment indicators such as coal composition, total sulfur content, vitrinite reflectance, gas content, and combined with well logging interpretation data, the petrology, physical properties, adsorption performance, and microfracture development characteristics of these two coal seams were systematically analyzed. Furthermore,favorable areas for coal rock gas were evaluated and predicted. The results show that: （1） The No. 8 coal seam and the No. 5 coal seam in Yichuan area are highly similar in terms of coal body structure, coal rock quality, and thermal evolution degree. Both of them are dominated by primary structural coal, with coal ranks reaching lean coal to anthracite stage, strong hydrocarbon generation potential, and average R_o values of 2.31% and 2.24%, respectively. Pore types are mainly organic matter pores, with micropore volume accounting for more than 67% of the total pore volume, and the specific surface area contribution rate exceeding 99%, which are the main space for adsorbed gas occurrence. （2） The resource abundance, reservoir thickness, and top layer sealing performance of the No. 8 coal seam in the study area are superior. The cleat and microfractures of the No. 5 coal seam are more developed. During the development, it is necessary to expand the spacing between development wells, reduce single-well production allocation, and control the fracturing scale to avoid interwell interference and formation pressure migration issues. （3） The western part of the study area is a Class Ⅰ “sweet spot”area shared by the two coal seams.The coal seam thickness of the area is greater than 5 m, the thermal evolution degree, gas content, and compressibility are all good, and the top and bottom limestone and mudstone combinations remain good sealing conditions and weak hydrodynamic forces, providing favorable conditions for vertical three-dimensional development.

Key words: deep coal rock gas, multi-layer three-dimensional exploration, reservoir-cap rock combination, “sweet spot”evaluation, No. 8 coal seam of Benxi Formation, No. 5 coal seam of Shanxi Formation, Carboniferous-Permian, Yichuan area, Ordos Basin

中图分类号:

TE122

黄力, 赵龙梅, 陈东, 赵浩阳, 张艺馨, 石石, 张稳, 季亮. 鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区石炭系—二叠系煤岩气储层特征及勘探潜力[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2026, 38(5): 40–50.

HUANG Li, ZHAO Longmei, CHEN Dong, ZHAO Haoyang, ZHANG Yixin, SHI Shi, ZHANG Wen, JI Liang. Characteristics and exploration potential of coal rock gas reservoirs in Carboniferous-Permian in Yichuan area, Ordos Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(5): 40–50.

图/表 14

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表2

鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区石炭系—二叠系典型煤岩气储层地质特征对比"

特征类型		8号煤层	5号煤层		对比结果
构造沉积	构造	地层平缓，地层倾角小于1.5°，断层不发育	地层平缓，倾角小于1.5°，断层不发育		基本一致
	埋深/m	2 160~2 440/2 300		2 100~2 380/2 240	8号煤层埋深大
	煤相类型	以低位覆水森林、深水草本沼泽为主		以低位覆水森林沼泽为主	基本一致
煤岩煤质	热演化程度(R_o）/%	2.04~2.53/2.31	2.00~2.46/2.24		基本一致
	煤岩类型	以亮煤、半亮煤为主		以亮煤、半亮煤为主	基本一致
	w（镜质组）/%	82.99		82.90	基本一致
	煤体结构	以原生结构煤为主		以原生结构煤为主	基本一致
	孔隙结构	以微孔、宏孔为主		以微孔、宏孔为主	基本一致
储层条件	厚度/m	3.0~7.0/5.6	3.0~6.4/5.4		8号煤层大
	结构类型	无夹层型、单夹层型数量占比分别为43%、57%		无夹层型、单夹层型数量占比分别为16%、84%	5号煤单夹层型较发育
	裂缝发育特征	较发育		发育—较发育	5号煤层裂缝更发育
	v（气）/(m³·t^-1)	27.3~36.3/28.8		25.50~30.70/27.9	8号煤层高
	等温吸附特征	平均兰氏体积为28.32 m³/t，平均兰氏压力为3.14 MPa		平均兰氏体积为27.09 m³/t，平均兰氏压力为2.93 MPa	8号煤层高
	孔隙度/%	2.87~6.13/3.95		1.42~6.06/3.46	8号煤层高
	渗透率/mD	0.009~0.105/0.057		0.004~0.537/0.18	5号煤层高
	煤储层温度/℃	59.5~82.2		58.2~75.8	8号煤层高
	煤储层压力/MPa	20.01~23.24/21.20		19.34~21.91/20.62	8号煤层高
	煤储层压力系数	0.920~1.030/0.975		0.911~0.983/0.947	基本一致
	储量丰度/ (10⁸ m³·km^-2)	1.70~3.00/2.04		1.70~2.60/2.00	8号煤层高
保存条件	顶、底板及封盖性	顶板2~4层致密灰岩；底板以泥岩为主	顶、底板均以泥岩为主		8号煤层以灰-煤-泥组合为主，封盖性更好
保存条件	水文地质	水动力弱，水型为CaCl₂型，平均矿化度为121 100 mg/L		水型为CaCl₂型，平均矿化度为53 939 mg/L	8号煤层矿化度更高、封闭性好
工程力学条件	岩石力学性质	泊松比为0.27~0.37，杨氏模量为8~12 GPa	泊松比为0.27~0.35，杨氏模量为 7~12 GPa		基本一致
工程力学条件	地应力方向/（°）	北偏东70~90/80		北偏东70~90/80	基本一致

表2

表3

图11

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层位	8号煤						层位	5号煤
层位	水平应力差	破裂压力/MPa	最大水平主应力/MPa	最小水平主应力/MPa	泊松比	杨氏模量/GPa	层位	水平应力差	破裂压力/MPa	最大水平主应力/MPa	最小水平主应力/MPa	泊松比	杨氏模量/GPa
顶板	13.72	77.99	67.87	81.60	0.31	35.09	顶板	12.11	59.94	52.60	64.71	0.26	27.08
8-1	2.59	58.44	53.13	55.72	0.39	7.07	5-1	3.22	44.72	40.55	43.77	0.33	29.74
夹矸	6.98	64.41	56.82	63.80	0.33	18.16	夹矸	5.14	50.37	45.76	50.90	0.34	8.36
8-2	3.27	57.22	50.93	54.20	0.36	8.62	5-2	4.09	43.74	39.15	43.24	0.28	13.48
底板	10.73	71.48	62.24	72.96	0.31	27.48	底板	9.93	56.91	50.12	60.05	0.28	10.22

评价参数		Ⅰ类区		Ⅱ类区		Ⅲ类区
评价参数		8号煤	5号煤	8号煤	5号煤	8号煤	5号煤
地质条件	资源丰度/（10⁸m³·km^-2）	> 2.0		1.5~2.0		< 1.5
	煤层厚度/m	> 5.0	> 5.5	4.0~5.0	4.5~5.5	< 4.0	< 4.5
	v（含气）/（m³·t^-1）	> 22.0	> 23.0	19.0~22.0	20.0~23.0	< 19.0	< 20.0
	构造	地层平缓、构造简单				构造复杂、地层倾角大于3°
	储-盖组合	灰-煤-泥、泥-煤-泥				厚泥夹薄砂型-煤-厚泥夹薄砂型
工程改造条件	煤层与顶底板应力差/MPa	> 6.0				< 6.0
工程改造条件	水平两向主应力差/MPa	< 4.0				> 4.0
开发动态	水平井单井首年日产气量/（10⁴ m³）	> 5.0		3.5~5.0		< 3.5
开发动态	水平井单井EUR/（折算1 500 m水平段长，10⁴ m³）	> 6 000		4 500~6 000		< 4 500
经济效益	内部收益率/%	> 12		6~12		< 6

鄂尔多斯盆地宜川地区石炭系—二叠系煤岩气储层特征及勘探潜力

Characteristics and exploration potential of coal rock gas reservoirs in Carboniferous-Permian in Yichuan area, Ordos Basin

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