岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (3): 149–161.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260313

• 新能源与伴生资源 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区氦气分布特征及控制因素

白益远1(), 弓虎军1(), 王东旭1, 李渊2, 罗芬红1, 王军军1   

  1. 1 西北大学 地质学系/大陆演化与早期生命全国重点实验室， 西安 710069
    2 陕西延长石油（集团）有限责任公司 延长气田采气三厂， 陕西 延安 716000
  • 收稿日期:2025-10-10 修回日期:2025-12-04 出版日期:2026-05-01 发布日期:2026-02-03
  • 第一作者:白益远（2001—），男，西北大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为石油与天然气地质勘探及氦气。地址：（710069）陕西省西安市碑林区太白北路229号西北大学地质学系。Email:1730075848@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 弓虎军（1971—），男，博士，教授，主要从事石油与天然气地质等方面的研究与教学工作。Email:gonghujun@nwu.edu.cn。

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of helium in Yanchang exploration area of Ordos Basin

BAI Yiyuan1(), GONG Hujun1(), WANG Dongxu1, LI Yuan2, LUO Fenhong1, WANG Junjun1   

  1. 1 Department of Geology/State Key Laboratory of Continental Evolution and Early Life, Northwest University, Xi’an 710069, China
    2 No. 3 Gas Production Plant of Yanchang Gas Field, Shaanxi Yanchang Petroleum （Group） Co., Ltd., Yan’an 716000, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2025-10-10 Revised:2025-12-04 Online:2026-05-01 Published:2026-02-03

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摘要：

通过对鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区91口钻井的天然气样品与68组氦源岩样品开展氦气含量、同位素以及氦源岩铀、钍元素含量的分析测试，明确了氦气分布与来源、各类氦源岩的供氦潜力，进而系统讨论了氦气富集的主控因素。研究结果表明：①鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区氦气体积分数为0.009%~0.217%，平均为0.059%，其中6.5%的样品达到高氦标准（≥ 0.1%）；平面上氦气丰度呈“南高北低”格局，洛川、富县为高氦区，子洲、靖边等地为贫氦区；纵向上各层位含氦量差异小，分布稳定。②研究区氦气为典型壳源氦，氦同位素R/Ra值均小于0.1，壳源贡献比例达99.73%；区内发育前寒武系结晶基底、长城系和上古生界等多套氦源岩，前寒武系基底与长城系的生氦量远超上古生界，其中基底生氦量为3 164.04×108 m3，占总生氦量的95.99%。③研究区前寒武与长城系是主力氦源，上古生界氦源岩起辅助作用，在盆地深大断裂的沟通下，形成了“深部主导、上古辅助”的双源供氦模式；深大断裂是沟通深部氦源的关键通道，而上古生界烃源岩的生烃作用对氦气产生具有强烈稀释效应，是造成南北氦气差异聚集的核心因素。

关键词: 氦气, 壳源氦, 氦源岩, 深大断裂, 生烃稀释, 前寒武系, 延长探区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Based on the testing and analyses on helium volume fraction, isotopic composition, and mass fractions of uranium (U) and thorium (Th) in source rocks of 91 natural gas samples from drilling wells and 68 helium source rock samples from Yanchang exploration area of Ordos Basin, the distribution and origin of helium, helium-supplying potential of various helium source rock types were clarified, main controlling factors for helium enrichment were systematically discussed. The results show that: （1） The volume fraction of helium of Yanchang exploration area of Ordos Basin ranges from 0.009% to 0.217%, with an average of 0.059%. Among them, 6.5% of samples meet the high-helium standard (≥ 0.1%). On the plane, the helium abundance shows a pattern of “high in the south and low in the north”, with Luochuan and Fuxian being high-helium areas, and Zizhou, Jingbian being helium-poor areas. Vertically, the helium content shows little variation across different strata, indicating stable distribution. （2） The helium in the study area is a typical crust-derived helium, with helium isotope R/Ra values all less than 0.1, and the crustal contribution proportion reaching 99.73%. Multiple sets of helium source rocks, including Precambrian crystalline basement, Changcheng system, and Upper Paleozoic, are developed in the area. The helium generation of Precambrian basement and Changcheng system far exceeds that of Upper Paleozoic, with basement helium generation of 3 164.04×108 m3, accounting for 95.99% of the total helium generation. （3） Regarding main controlling factors for enrichment, Precambrian and Changcheng system in the study area serve as main helium sources, with Upper Paleozoic helium source rocks as back-up. Facilitated by deep and large faults in the basin, a dual-source helium supply model of “dominant deep sources and auxiliary Upper Paleozoic sources” has been formed. Deep and large faults are the key pathways connecting deep helium sources, while the strong dilution effect on helium production caused by the hydrocarbon generation of Upper Paleozoic source rocks is the core factor leading to the differential accumulation of helium between the south and the north.

Key words: helium, crust-derived helium, helium source rock, deep and large faults, hydrocarbon generation dilution, Precambrian, Yanchang exploration area, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区地理位置（a）及岩性地层综合柱状图（b）（据文献[9]修改）"

表1

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界氦气含量统计"

地区 样品数/个 ϕ(氦气)/%
安塞 7 0.046~0.065（0.053）
富县 14 0.012~0.110（0.065）
甘泉 10 0.046~0.091（0.060）
靖边 17 0.016~0.066（0.033）
洛川 4 0.168~0.217（0.191）
清涧 4 0.065~0.110（0.088）
吴起 10 0.009~0.064（0.045）
宜川 6 0.028~0.072（0.053）
志丹 7 0~0.063（0.043）
子长 2 0.040~0.043（0.042）
子洲 3 0.015~0.021（0.018）
定边 7 0~0.078（0.059）

图2

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界氦气平面分布特征"

表2

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界氦气丰度评价标准"

ϕ(氦气)/% 频率/% 样品数/个 丰度评价
≥ 0.10 6.5 6 高氦
0.05~0.10 45.1 41 含氦
< 0.05 48.4 44 贫氦

图3

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区各层位的氦气含量直方图"

表3

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区各层位的氦气含量及来源判别"

层位 ϕ(氦气)/% (3He/4He)/10-6 R/Ra 幔源贡献比例/%
石炭系本溪组 0.021~0.188（0.063） 3.60~6.20（4.83） 0.026~0.044（0.034） 0.146~0.383（0.258）
二叠系石盒子组 0.018~0.110（0.066） 2.80~7.00（5.11） 0.020~0.050（0.037） 0.073~0.455（0.283）
二叠系山西组 0.016~0.217（0.059） 2.70~7.50（4.56） 0.019~0.054（0.033） 0.064~0.501（0.233）
奥陶系马家沟组 0~0.168（0.050） 2.80~12.00（5.38） 0.020~0.086（0.038） 0.073~0.911(0.307)

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界氦同位素比值分区特征"

表4

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界—上太古界—下元古界吕梁群各岩性的U和Th元素含量统计"

岩性 层位 样品数/个 w(U)/10-6 w(Th)/10-6
大理岩 前寒武系吕梁群 3 0.89~4.56(2.39) 0.42~8.80(3.43)
花岗岩 前寒武系吕梁群 1 2.15~2.15(2.15) 5.69~5.69(5.69)
铝土质泥岩 石炭系本溪组 9 3.74~18.09(8.64) 18.05~33.40(23.95)
煤岩 二叠系山西组、太原组 4 0.11~6.18(2.75) 0.50~19.00(7.06)
泥岩 二叠系下石盒子组、山西组、太原组，石炭系本溪组 33 1.81~13.04(4.10) 5.86~25.10(15.11)
片麻岩 前寒武系吕梁群 2 1.39~1.45(1.42) 8.90~10.08(9.49)
砂岩 二叠系下石盒子组、山西组，石炭系本溪组，前寒武系长城系 11 0.99~5.36(2.21) 1.74~14.99(9.89)
碳酸盐岩 二叠系太原组，奥陶系马家沟组 5 0.14~3.90(1.94) 0.08~2.55(0.79)

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区各层位中U、Th元素含量（a）及二者的相关性（b）"

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界—上太古界—下元古界吕梁群U元素（a）及Th元素（b）平面分布特征"

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区上古生界和基底氦源岩岩心照片 （a） 二叠系山西组灰黑色泥岩，Y1149井，3 970 m；（b） 石炭系本溪组铝土质泥岩，Y1282井，3 895 m；（c） 盆地基底吕梁群大理岩，Y1560井，3 864 m。"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界—元古界吕梁群各岩性的4He生成速率"

表5

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区古生界—基底生氦量计算及相关参数"

岩性 地层 样品数/
个		 年龄/
Ma		 w(U)/
10-6		 w(Th)/
10-6		 面积/
km2		 厚度/
m		 密度/
(g·cm-3)		 孔隙度/
%		 生氦量/
(108 m3)
沉
积
岩		 泥岩 二叠系下石盒子组 5 280 3.01 12.91 26 200 47.49 2.60 3.98 6.38
砂岩 4 1.69 6.75 10.89 2.50 6.49 0.74
泥岩 二叠系山西组 17 290 3.84 14.80 103.20 2.90 3.98 18.85
砂岩 3 1.90 8.93 15.87 2.54 5.95 1.40
煤 3 3.62 9.25 1.54 1.30 5.00 0.11
泥岩 二叠系太原组 3 298 5.91 11.92 44.50 2.60 4.70 9.34
煤 1 0.11 0.50 1.90 1.30 5.32 0.01
碳酸盐岩 2 1.21 5.15 6.51 2.70 2.1 0.40
泥岩 石炭系本溪组 8 320 4.65 18.36 36.38 2.95 1.4 9.65
砂岩 2 1.20 5.34 4.41 2.60 5.34 0.27
铝土质泥岩 9 8.64 23.95 3.63 2.65 2.86 1.35
碳酸盐岩 奥陶系马家沟组 3 460 1.36 5.64 8.82 2.70 3.41 9.02
砂岩 前寒武系长城系 2 1 800 3.37 7.78 5 420 500 2.65 5.00 74.61
基底 大理岩 前寒武系吕梁群 6 2 100 4.36 5.83 26 200 5 000 2.85 1.80 3 164.04
花岗岩
片麻岩

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区石炭系本溪组铝土岩厚度分布特征"

图10

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区深大断裂与氦气含量匹配（a）及基底深大断裂发育特征（b）（据文献[19]修改）"

图11

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区上古生界烃源岩生烃强度及其对氦气的影响"

图12

鄂尔多斯盆地延长探区氦气成藏模式（据文献[49]修改）"

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