岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 134–144.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260212

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段烃源岩特征及油源对比

李涛1(), 马国福2, 赵乐义2(), 袁莉2, 马淇琳2, 谢菁钰2, 张博2, 李赫楠2   

  1. 1 中国石油玉门油田公司 勘探事业部， 甘肃 酒泉， 735019
    2 中国石油玉门油田公司勘探开发研究院， 甘肃 酒泉， 735019
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-11 修回日期:2025-09-23 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2026-01-20
  • 第一作者:李涛（1978—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气勘探方面的工作。地址：（735019）甘肃省酒泉市肃州区飞天路玉门油田指挥中心1号楼。Email:ymlit@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 通信作者: 赵乐义（1987—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气勘探方面的工作。Email:ymzhly@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目“中小盆地风险勘探领域和目标研究、工程技术攻关及现场试验”(2023YQX10110)

Characteristics and oil-source correlation of Triassic Chang 7 member source rocks in Huanxian area, Ordos Basin

LI Tao1(), MA Guofu2, ZHAO Leyi2(), YUAN Li2, MA Qilin2, XIE Jingyu2, ZHANG Bo2, LI Henan2   

  1. 1 Department of Exploration, PetroChina Yumen Oilfield Company, Jiuquan 735019, Gansu, China
    2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Yumen Oilfield Company, Jiuquan 735019, Gansu, China
  • Received:2025-07-11 Revised:2025-09-23 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2026-01-20

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摘要：

鄂尔多斯盆地西部环县地区三叠系长7段页岩为主力烃源岩。通过岩石热解、有机碳（TOC）含量测定、气相色谱-质谱测试等分析手段及全系列生物标志化合物人工智能分析技术，系统开展了烃源岩及原油地球化学特征研究，明确了原油来源及泥岩、页岩供烃比例，并探讨了其成藏模式。研究结果表明：①环县地区东部三叠系长7段主要发育页岩，有机质丰度高、类型好，生烃潜力大；西部以暗色泥岩为主，TOC值为0.40%~6.23%，生烃潜量（S1 + S2）为0.50~13.13 mg/g，有机质类型为Ⅱ型和Ⅲ型，有机质成熟度（Ro）平均为0.84%，处于成熟阶段，属于中等偏差烃源岩，生烃潜力较页岩差。②研究区东部页岩与西部泥岩的生物标志化合物组成基本一致，部分生物标志化合物参数比值存在明显差异，东部页岩表现为低Pr/Ph和高Ts/Tm、C29Ts/C29H、C30*/C29H、C30*/C30H；西部暗色泥岩表现为较高Pr/Ph，低Ts/Tm、C29Ts/C29H、C30*/C29H和C30*/C30H，反映了古沉积环境对研究区泥岩与页岩发育的控制作用。③研究区长8段产出3类原油，A类主要为东部长8段原油，具有高Ts/Tm和C29Ts/C29H，较高C30*/C29H和C30*/C30H特征，主要来自东部页岩；C类原油目前发现比较少，具有低Ts/Tm、C29Ts/C29H、C30*/C29H和C30*/C30H特征，主要为西部泥岩贡献；B类为西部长8段原油，Ts/Tm、C29Ts/C29H、C30*/C29H和C30*/C30H值中等，介于A类原油与C类原油之间，为混源油，主要为东部页岩的贡献。

关键词: 页岩, 地球化学特征, 生物标志化合物, 油源对比, 延长组7段, 三叠系, 环县地区, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Triassic Chang 7 member shale is the main source rock in Huanxian area of the western Ordos Basin. Through rock pyrolysis, total organic carbon measurement, gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, and AI-assisted comprehensive biomarker analysis， geochemical characteristics of crude oils and source rocks were systematically studied，the origin of crude oil and the proportion of hydrocarbon supply from mudstones and shales were clarified, and their hydrocarbon accumulation models were explored. The results show that： （1） Triassic Chang 7 member in the eastern Huanxian area is primarily developed shale,characterized by high organic matter abundance, favorable organic matter type, significant hydrocarbon generation potential. In contrast, the western part is dominated by dark mudstone, with TOC values ranging from 0.40% to 6.23%, hydrocarbon generation potential （S1 + S2） of 0.50-13.13 mg/g, organic matter types of TypeⅡ and Ⅲ, and an average vitrinite reflectance (Ro) of 0.84%, indicating a mature stage. It belongs to a medium-poor source rock with relatively lower hydrocarbon generation potential compared to shale. （2） Biomarker compositions of eastern shales and western mudstones are fundamentally similar, but significant differences exist in certain biomarker parameter ratios. Eastern shales exhibit low Pr/Ph ratios, high Ts/Tm, C29Ts/C29H, C30*/C29H, and C30*/C30H values. In contrast, western dark mudstones display relatively high Pr/Ph ratios, low Ts/Tm, C29Ts/C29H, C30*/C29H, and C30*/C30H values. These differences reflect the controlling effect of paleo-sedimentary environments on the development of mudstones and shales in the study area. （3） Chang 8 member in the study area develops three types of crude oil: Type A is crude oil predominantly from the eastern Chang 8 member, exhibiting high Ts/Tm and C29Ts/C29H values, along with relative high C30*/C29H and C30*/C30H values, type A is primarily derived from eastern shales. Type C, though currently less abundant, is characterized by low Ts/Tm, C29Ts/C29H, C30*/C29H, and C30*/C30H values, predominant sourcing from western mudstone. Type B, found in the western Chang 8 member, displays intermediate biomarker between type A and type C, with moderate Ts/Tm, C29Ts/C29H, C30*/C29H, and C30*/C30H values. It is a mixed crude oil composition dominantly contributed by eastern shales.

Key words: shale, geochemical characteristics, biomarkers, oil-source correlation, the 7th member of Yanchang Formation, Triassic, Huanxian area, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.2

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区构造位置（a）及三叠系长7段岩性地层综合柱状图（b）（据文献[12]修改）"

图2

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段地球化学元素比值分布箱线图"

图3

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段页岩、泥岩岩心照片 （a） 半深湖亚相灰黑色泥页岩，H210井，长73，2 504.5 m；（b） 灰黑色泥页岩，局部夹凝灰岩薄层，H210井，长73，2 512.4 m；（c） 灰黑色泥页岩，页片薄层状，H210井，长73，2 516.6 m；（d） 深灰色泥岩，含煤屑，H804井，长73，2 824.4 m；（e） 深灰色泥岩，H82井，长72，2 581.3 m；（f） 深灰色泥岩，H82井，长72，2 562.2 m。"

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段烃源岩厚度分布"

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段烃源岩生烃潜力及有机质丰度分析"

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段页岩及暗色泥岩Ph/nC17-Pr/nC18交会图"

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段烃源岩生物标志化合物图谱 注：TIC表示总离子流色谱图。"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长8段原油生物标志化合物图谱 注：TIC表示总离子流色谱图。"

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长8段原油及长7段烃源岩生物标志化合物指标对比"

表1

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长7段烃源岩及原油沉积环境指数统计"

样品类型 区域 井号 层位 沉积环境指数（DEI）
烃源岩 页岩 东部 H102 长73 0.085
泥岩 长72 0.120
泥岩 西部 H804 长73 0.065
H82 长72 0.033
原油 东部 H12 长8 0.083
西部 H92 长8 0.079
H94 长8 0.072

图10

鄂尔多斯盆地环县地区三叠系长81石油运聚成藏模式（剖面位置见图1a）"

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