岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 122–133.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260211

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马五段膏盐岩分布特征及主控因素

周文娟1(), 蒲仁海1(), 卢子兴2, 王康乐2, 张鹏1, 闻星宇1, 王通1, 关蕴文1   

  1. 1 西北大学 地质学系， 西安 710069
    2 中国石油长庆油田公司 勘探开发研究院， 西安 710018
  • 收稿日期:2025-07-07 修回日期:2025-08-11 出版日期:2026-03-01 发布日期:2025-12-09
  • 第一作者:周文娟（2001—），女，西北大学在读硕士研究生，研究方向为油气地质勘探与地震资料解释。地址：（710069）陕西省西安市太白北路229号。Email:3220925700@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 蒲仁海(1962—)，男，博士，教授，主要从事油气地质与地球物理方面的教学与研究工作。Email:purenhai@126.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金项目“鄂尔多斯、沁水沉积盆地中生代晚期古地温场对岩石圈动力学演化及油气赋存的约束作用项目”(41630312)

Distribution characteristics and controlling factors of evaporites in Member 5 of Ordovician Majiagou Formation, central and eastern Ordos Basin

ZHOU Wenjuan1(), PU Renhai1(), LU Zixing2, WANG Kangle2, ZHANG Peng1, WEN Xingyu1, WANG Tong1, GUAN Yunwen1   

  1. 1 Department of Geology， Northwest University， Xi’an 710069， China
    2 Research Institute of Exploration and Development， PetroChina Changqing Oilfield Company， Xi’an 710018， China
  • Received:2025-07-07 Revised:2025-08-11 Online:2026-03-01 Published:2025-12-09

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摘要：

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组马五4及马五6亚段膏盐岩对马五5亚段白云岩高压气藏的形成与保存具有良好封闭作用。利用测井及岩心分析化验资料识别出了马五4及马五6亚段蒸发岩，并对其分布规律及控制因素进行了深入研究。研究结果表明：①鄂尔多斯盆地中东部奥陶系马家沟组马五6—马五4亚段沉积期，盆地中东部为东倾缓坡叠加“三凸两凹”古构造格局，自西向东依次为乌审旗隆起、西部浅凹、横山隆起、东部深凹及吕梁隆起，次隆构成水体交换障壁，致蒸发岩相带分异，呈现2个潟湖-蒸发岩沉积中心的特征。②马五4及马五6亚段为“双障壁-双潟湖”碳酸盐岩与蒸发岩局限-蒸发台地沉积，“三凸两凹”5个古构造单元对应云坪、膏云坪、膏质潟湖、（内障壁）膏云坪、盐质潟湖及（外障壁）膏云坪等沉积相带。③在古构造、古地理、古气候及海平面变化共同控制下，膏岩与盐岩的分布存在差异，潮湿气候期的马五5亚段沉积碳酸盐岩；干旱气候期的马五4及马五6亚段，在高位体系域（西部浅水潟湖）发育膏岩，低位体系域（东部中深潟湖）发育盐岩。④马五4西部浅洼厚层石膏抑制了马五5亚段的白云岩化作用，限制了优质储层发育；马五4盐岩尖灭带与北西西向断裂构成的输导体系为马五5储层中油气的垂向运移与侧向运聚成藏提供了关键通道，进而形成了米脂高压气藏。

关键词: 膏盐岩, 膏云坪, 膏质潟湖, 双障壁-双潟湖, 蒸发台地, 马家沟组五段, 奥陶系, 鄂尔多斯盆地

Abstract:

Evaporites (gypsum-salt rocks) in Ma54 and Ma56 submembers of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in central and eastern Ordos Basin provide a good sealing for the formation and preservation of high-pressure gas reservoir in the dolomite of Ma55 submember. Evaporites in Ma54 and Ma56 submembers were identified using logging and core analysis data, and their distribution patterns and controlling factors were studied. The results show that: （1） During the depositional period of Ma56-Ma54 submembers of Ordovician Majiagou Formation in central and eastern Ordos Basin, the central-eastern basin was characterized by an eastward-dipping gentle slope superimposed with a paleo-structural framework of “three uplift zones and two sags”. From west to east, they are Wushenqi uplift, Western shallow sag, Hengshan uplift, Eastern deep sag, and Lüliang uplift. These secondary uplifts acted as hydrodynamic barriers, leading to differentiation of evaporite facies，and with characteristics of two lagoons and two evaporite deposition centers. （2） Ma54 and Ma56 submembers are depositions characterized by“double-barrier and double-lagoon”carbonate rocks and evaporite restricted-evaporite platform. These five paleo-structural units correspond to the following sedimentary facies belts: dolomicrite flat, anhydritic dolomicrite flat, gypsum-salt lagoon, inner barrier anhydritic dolomicrite flat, halite lagoon, and outer barrier anhydritic dolomicrite flat. （3） Under the combined control of paleo-structure, paleogeography, paleoclimate, and sea-level fluctuations, the distribution of gypsum rock and salt rock differs. During the humid-climate period, Ma55 submember deposited carbonate rocks. During the arid-climate period，Ma56 and Ma54 submembers deve-loped gypsum rock in the highstand systems tract (western shallow lagoon) and salt rock in the lowstand systems tract (eastern medium-deep lagoon). （4） Thick anhydrite layers in the western Ma54 shallow subsag inhibited dolomitization of Ma55 submember, limiting the development of high-quality reservoirs; whereas the combination of the Ma54 salt rock pinch-out zone and NWW-trending faults provided key pathways for vertical migration and lateral accumulation of oil and gas in Ma55 reservoir, thereby forming the Mizhi high-pressure gas reservoir.

Key words: gypsum-salt rock, anhydritic dolomicrite flat, gypsum-salt lagoon, double-barrier and double-lagoon, evaporite platform, the fifth member of Majiagou Formation, Ordovician, Ordos Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE121.3

图1

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部构造位置(a)、东西向地质剖面(b)和奥陶系岩性地层综合柱状图(c)（据文献[15-17]修改）"

图2

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马家沟组岩心照片 (a) 浅黄色盐岩，盐质潟湖，M60井，2 506.00 m；（b） 红褐色-深褐色盐岩，盐质潟湖，M60井，2 507.00 m；（c） 盐岩与泥岩夹层，盐质潟湖，M52井，2 559.60 m；（d） 深灰色盐岩，盐质潟湖，M75井，2 552.46 m;（e） 盐岩和石膏共生，盐质潟湖，M75井，2 552.93 m；（f） 白云岩，云坪带，T112井，3 817.04 m；（g） 颗粒滩，内碎屑云岩，磨圆，云坪带，ZT1井，3 885.85 m；（h） 云质膏岩，膏质潟湖，L136井，4 110.68 m。"

图3

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马家沟组M60井马五4亚段测井响应特征"

图4

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五4和马五6亚段岩性的测井识别投点图"

图5

鄂尔多斯盆地马五6—马五4亚段沉积相连井剖面（剖面位置见图1）"

图6

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五6亚段—马五4亚段膏岩及盐岩分布特征"

图7

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五6亚段和马五4亚段地层厚度分布特征"

图8

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五6亚段沉积古地貌(a)和马五4亚段沉积古地貌(b)（据文献[22]修改）"

图9

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五6—马五4亚段典型井沉积相综合柱状图"

图10

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五6—马五4亚段内障壁生物丘地震剖面(剖面位置见图1）"

图11

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五6—马五4内障壁白云岩含量变化"

图12

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部马五6和马五4亚段沉积相平面分布特征"

图13

鄂尔多斯盆地中部马五6和马五4亚段沉积模式"

图14

鄂尔多斯盆地中东部米脂地区盐岩盖层与断裂对高压气藏的控制作用"

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