塔里木盆地西南部巴什托普断裂构造特征及形成机制

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20260505

岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (5): 51–59.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260505

塔里木盆地西南部巴什托普断裂构造特征及形成机制

王斌¹(), 陈立豪²^,³(), 杨连刚¹, 屈洋¹, 杨鹏飞¹, 田雷²^,³, 王宏斌²^,³, 刘军²^,³

¹ 中国石油塔里木油田公司勘探开发研究院, 新疆库尔勒 841000
² 中国石油勘探开发研究院西北分院, 兰州 730020
³ 中国石油天然气集团油藏描述重点实验室, 兰州 730020

收稿日期:2025-11-09 修回日期:2026-03-11 出版日期:2026-09-01 发布日期:2026-09-04
第一作者:王斌（1986—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事石油勘探方面的研究工作。地址：（841000)新疆维吾尔自治区巴音郭楞蒙古自治州库尔勒市塔里木油田研发中心。Email:wangb3-tlm@petrochina.com.cn。
通信作者: 陈立豪
基金资助:
中石油集团公司基础前瞻性科技项目“叠合盆地中下组合规模圈闭形成机制与有效性研究”(2023ZZ0205);塔里木油田横向“库车-塔北超深层构造变形机理与地震关键技术攻关”(041024110201);新型油气勘探开发国家科技重大专项“四川盆地全油气系统与新领域勘探技术”(2025ZD1400400);中石油集团公司基础前瞻性科技项目“海相克拉通盆地构造沉积分异与规模优质储层发育规律研究”(2026DJ010)

Structural characteristics and formation mechanisms of Bashituopu Fault in southwestern Tarim Basin

WANG Bin¹(), CHEN Lihao²^,³(), YANG Liangang¹, QU Yang¹, YANG Pengfei¹, TIAN Lei²^,³, WANG Hongbin²^,³, LIU Jun²^,³

¹ Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development， PetroChina Tarim Oilfield Company， Korla 841000，Xinjiang, China
² Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest(NWGI)， PetroChina， Lanzhou 730020， China
³ Key Laboratory of Reservoir Descripyion, CNPC， Lanzhou 730020， China

Received:2025-11-09 Revised:2026-03-11 Online:2026-09-01 Published:2026-09-04
Contact: CHEN Lihao E-mail:wangb3-tlm@petrochina.com.cn;chen_lh@petrochina.com.cn

摘要/Abstract

摘要：

基于高精度三维地震资料，重新厘定塔里木盆地西南部巴什托普断裂几何学特征。以奥陶系碳酸盐岩F1走滑断裂与巴什托普逆冲断裂为地质原型，构建砂箱物理模拟模型，系统剖析断裂演化机制、油气成藏控制效应，并预测有利勘探区带。研究表明：①巴什托普断裂带为陡倾走滑-逆冲复合断层，北东向张扭性走滑断裂发育显著，逆冲断裂断面倾角50°~65°，沿中寒武统膏盐层滑脱，呈现“下断上褶”典型构造特征。②断裂形态由多期、多方位挤压应力叠加控制，加里东期受西昆仑北东向挤压，形成走滑断裂雏形；海西早期受南西—北东向主压应力，基底断裂改造活化，发育大规模走滑构造；晚海西—印支期受南天山南西西向强烈挤压，应力场由拉张转为压扭，形成走滑-逆冲复合构造，与三维地震资料刻画结果高度吻合。③断裂带控制3期成藏演化，加里东期油气聚集于寒武系盐下；海西期通源走滑断裂疏导油气至奥陶系，经不整合面侧向运移形成古油藏；喜山期构造调整改造为残余油藏。多期断裂活动主导油气分段富集，断裂、裂缝改善储层储渗性能，盐上逆冲断裂控制圈闭形态，分段走滑断裂构建充注通道，高应变区储层品质最优。综合分析认为，深层F2断裂及次级断裂发育的东部“串珠状”反射区、浅层构造南翼东河砂岩群古2井区通源走滑断裂带，为研究区核心有利勘探区带。

关键词: 巴什托普断裂, 走滑-逆冲复合断裂, 构造应力场, 断裂活动, 砂箱实验模拟, 深层断溶体, 油气成藏, 奥陶系碳酸盐岩储层, 塔里木盆地

Abstract:

Based on high-precision 3D seismic data, geometric characteristics of Bashituopu Fault in southwestern Tarim Basin are redetermined. Taking the F1 strike-slip fault and Bashituopu thrust fault on the top surface of Ordovician carbonate rocks as geological prototypes, a sandbox physical simulation model was constructed to systematically analyze the fault evolution mechanism and its controlling effect on hydrocarbon accumulation, and predict favorable exploration zones.The results show that: （1） Bashituopu fault zone is a steeply dipping strike-slip and thrust composite fault, with NE-trending transtensional strike-slip faults prominently developed. The thrust faults sections have a dip angle of 50°-65°, and the faults detach along Middle Cambrian gypsum-salt layer, presenting a typical structural feature of “lower fault and upper fold”. （2） The fault morpho-logy is controlled by the superposition of multi-stage and multi-direction compressive stress. During Caledonian period, NE-trending compression from the West Kunlun formed the prototype of strike-slip faults. In the Early Hercynian period, under SW-NE principal compressive stress, basement faults were reactivated and transformed, and large-scale strike-slip structures developed. From Late Hercynian to Indosinian period, intense SWW compression from the South Tianshan shifted the stress field from transtension to transpression, forming strike-slip and thrust composite faults, which is highly consistent with 3D seismic interpretation results. （3） The fault zone controls three stages of hydrocarbon accumulation evolution. Hydrocarbons accumulated in Cambrian subsalt strata in Caledonian period. In the Hercynian period, source-connected strike-slip faults transported hydrocarbons to Ordovician strata, forming paleo-oil reservoirs via lateral migration along unconformities,and during Himalayan period, structural adjustment transformed them into residual oil reservoirs. Multi-stage fault activities dominate hydrocarbon segmented enrichment. Fault fractures improve reservoir porosity and permeability, suprasalt thrust faults control trap morphology, segmented strike-slip faults construct charging pathways, reservoirs in high fault strain zones have optimal quality. Comprehensive analysis suggests that the eastern “beaded” reflection zone developed in deep F2 fault and secondary faults, and the source-connected strike-slip fault zone in Qungu 2 well area of Donghe sandstone intervals on the southern flank of the shallow structure, are core favorable exploration targets.

Key words: Bashitopu Fault, strike-slip and thrust composite fault, tectonic stress field, fault activity, sandbox experiment simulation, deep fault-related dissolution body, hydrocarbon accumulation, Ordovician carbonate reservoir, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.3

王斌, 陈立豪, 杨连刚, 屈洋, 杨鹏飞, 田雷, 王宏斌, 刘军. 塔里木盆地西南部巴什托普断裂构造特征及形成机制[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2026, 38(5): 51–59.

WANG Bin, CHEN Lihao, YANG Liangang, QU Yang, YANG Pengfei, TIAN Lei, WANG Hongbin, LIU Jun. Structural characteristics and formation mechanisms of Bashituopu Fault in southwestern Tarim Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2026, 38(5): 51–59.

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材料类别	L	g	ρ₁	ρ₂	μ	应力	应变速率
模型	1.0×10^-2	9.8	1 300.00	987.00	1.20×10⁴	α	ε
实际工区	5.0×10³	9.8	2 400.00	2 200.00	10.00×10¹⁸
模型/实际工区	2.0×10^-6	1.0	0.54	0.45	0.12×10^-14	1.08×10^-6	1.30×10⁵

塔里木盆地西南部巴什托普断裂构造特征及形成机制

Structural characteristics and formation mechanisms of Bashituopu Fault in southwestern Tarim Basin

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