塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠纪古构造特征及对沉积的控制作用

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20250302

岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 13–22.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250302

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇

塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠纪古构造特征及对沉积的控制作用

谢会文^1,2,3, 张亮^1,2,3, 王斌^1,2,3, 罗浩渝^1,2,3, 张科^1,2,3, 章国威^1,2,3, 李玲^1,2,3, 申林^1,2,3

1. 中国石油天然气集团有限公司超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发技术研发中心, 新疆库尔勒 841000;
2. 新疆维吾尔自治区超深层复杂油气藏勘探开发工程研究中心, 新疆库尔勒 841000;
3. 新疆超深油气重点实验室, 新疆库尔勒 841000

收稿日期:2024-06-29 修回日期:2024-08-13 发布日期:2025-05-10
第一作者:谢会文（1965—），男，硕士，教授级高级工程师，主要从事石油地质学方面的研究工作。地址：（841000）新疆库尔勒市塔里木油田研发中心。Email：xiehw-tlm@petrochina.com.cn。
通信作者: 王斌（1986—），男，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事石油地质学方面的研究工作。Email：wangb3-tlm@petrochina.com.cn。
基金资助:
中国石油天然气集团有限公司科技项目“超深层碎屑岩油气分布规律与区带目标优选”（编号：2023ZZ14YJ02），中国石油天然气股份有限公司科技专项“塔里木盆地深层碎屑岩重点地区综合地质研究、目标优选、技术攻关与现场试验”（编号：2022KT0201）联合资助。

Characteristics of Triassic paleostructure and their control on sedimentation in Kuqa Depression，Tarim Basin

XIE Huiwen^1,2,3, ZHANG Liang^1,2,3, WANG Bin^1,2,3, LUO Haoyu^1,2,3, ZHANG Ke^1,2,3, ZHANG Guowei^1,2,3, LI Ling^1,2,3, SHEN Lin^1,2,3

1. R&D Center for Ultra-Deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, CNPC, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China;
2. Engineering Research Center for Ultra-deep Complex Reservoir Exploration and Development, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China;
3. Xinjiang Key Laboratory of Ultra-deep Oil and Gas, Korla 841000, Xinjiang, China

Received:2024-06-29 Revised:2024-08-13 Published:2025-05-10

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 基于地震资料的精细构造解释，采用印模法，对塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠纪同沉积断层进行了研究，恢复了三叠系沉积前古地貌，并阐明其对沉积的控制作用。研究结果表明：①库车坳陷三叠纪发育库北断裂、巴什—依奇克里克断裂、克拉—阳北断裂以及克深断裂共4排同沉积逆断层，结构上呈叠瓦状，前锋带到达克拉苏构造带以南。②研究区三叠纪古地貌形态近东西向展布，北部与南部分别为南天山造山带和前陆盆地的前缘隆起，中部为库车坳陷的构造低部位，受制于局部低凸起，发育乌什凹陷、拜城凹陷和阳霞凹陷3个凹陷；原型盆地北边界位于现今盆地边界以北24～51 km，原型盆地面积较现今大11 913 km²。③研究区三叠系的沉积与演化受控于古构造格局，总体表现为由南向北逐渐增厚的楔状体，自西向东也有增厚的趋势，且南北向的地层分布具不对称性；由于南天山的造山作用减弱，三叠系具有完整的前陆盆地的“挤压—松弛”的变化规律，俄霍布拉克组发育扇三角洲，克拉玛依组和黄山街组下部为半深湖－深湖沉积，黄山街组上部及塔里奇克组为半深湖－深湖向曲流河的泛滥平原转化，纵向上构成了一个完整的陆相湖盆演化的沉积旋回；同沉积逆断层上升盘都具备次级物源功能，与下盘形成良好的储-盖组合，是有利的潜在勘探领域。

关键词: 古构造, 同沉积逆断层, 原型盆地恢复, 印模法, 三叠纪, 库车坳陷, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: Based on the fine structural interpretation of seismic data，Triassic synsedimentary faults in Kuqa Depression of Tarim Basin were studied by using the impression method，and the pre-sedimentary paleomorphology of Triassic was restored，and their controlling effects on sedimentation were clarified. The results show that：（1）Triassic of Kuqa Depression develops four rows of synsedimentary reverse faults，including Kubei fault， Bashi-Yiqicreek fault，Kela-Yangbei fault and Keshen fault，which are structurally stacked，and the front zone reaches the south of Kelasu tectonic belt. （2） Triassic paleogeomorphology is distributed in an east-west direction，with the South Tianshan orogenic belt in the north and the foreland basin uplift in the south. The central part is the structural low part of Kuqa Depression，which is constrained by the local low bulge，and develops Wushi Sag，Baicheng Sag and Yangxia Sag. The northern boundary of the prototype basin is located 24-51 km north of the current basin boundary，and the area of the prototype basin is 11 913 km² larger than that of the present basin.（3）The sedimentation and evolution of Triassic in the study area are controlled by the paleotectonic pattern，which is generally manifested as a wedge-shape that gradually thickening from south to north，with a tendency of thickening from west to east，and the distribution of strata in the north-south direction is asymmetrical. Due to the weakening orogeny of South Tianshan，Triassic has a complete foreland basin extrusion-relaxation pattern.Okhobrak Formation develops fan delta，the lower part of Karamay Formation and Huangshanjie Formation are semi-deep lake and deep lake sediments.The upper part of Huangshanjie Formation and Tarichik Formation are the transformation of the flood plain from the semi-deep lake and deep lake to the meandering river，which vertically constitutes a complete sedimentary cycle of continental lake basin evolution. The ascending walls of the syngenetic reverse faults all have the function of secondary provenance，and form a good spatial combination of reservoirs and caps in the lower wall，which is a favorable potential exploration field.

Key words: paleostructure, synsedimentary reverse faults, restoration of prototype basin, impression method, Triassic, Kuqa Depression, Tarim Basin

中图分类号:

TE121.3

谢会文, 张亮, 王斌, 罗浩渝, 张科, 章国威, 李玲, 申林. 塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠纪古构造特征及对沉积的控制作用[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2025, 37(3): 13–22.

XIE Huiwen, ZHANG Liang, WANG Bin, LUO Haoyu, ZHANG Ke, ZHANG Guowei, LI Ling, SHEN Lin. Characteristics of Triassic paleostructure and their control on sedimentation in Kuqa Depression，Tarim Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2025, 37(3): 13–22.

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塔里木盆地库车坳陷三叠纪古构造特征及对沉积的控制作用

Characteristics of Triassic paleostructure and their control on sedimentation in Kuqa Depression，Tarim Basin

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