岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (2): 153–165.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250214

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

地震沉积学在塔里木盆地古城地区下寒武统沉积结构与储层预测中的应用

徐兆辉1, 曾洪流2, 胡素云1, 张君龙3, 刘伟1, 周红英1, 马德波1, 傅启龙2   

  1. 1. 中国石油勘探开发研究院, 北京 100083;
    2. 美国德克萨斯大学 奥斯汀分校经济地质局, Austin 78713;
    3. 中国石油大庆油田勘探开发研究院, 黑龙江 大庆 163712
  • 收稿日期:2023-12-01 修回日期:2024-03-26 发布日期:2025-03-06
  • 第一作者:徐兆辉（1981—），男，博士，高级工程师，主要从事地震沉积学与油气成藏研究工作。地址：（100083）北京市海淀区学院路20号910信箱。Email：zhaohui.xu@petrochina.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    国家重大专项“大型油气田及煤层气开发”（编号：2016ZX05004）和国际合作项目“海相碳酸盐岩地震沉积学综合研究技术及其在塔里木盆地的应用”（编号：UTA18-000493/19HTY5000008）联合资助。

Application of seismic sedimentology in predicting the Lower Cambrian sedimentary structure and reservoir rocks in Gucheng area, Tarim Basin

XU Zhaohui1, ZENG Hongliu2, HU Suyun1, ZHANG Junlong3, LIU Wei1, ZHOU Hongying1, MA Debo1, FU Qilong2   

  1. 1. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration and Development, Beijing 100083, China;
    2. Bureau of Economic Geology, Jackson School of Geosciences, The University of Texas at Austin, Austin 78713, USA;
    3. Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development, PetroChina Daqing Oilfield Company, Daqing 163712, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2023-12-01 Revised:2024-03-26 Published:2025-03-06

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摘要： 塔里木盆地轮探1井揭示深层下寒武统白云岩具备油气勘探潜力，古城地区与轮探1井位于同一台缘带。利用地震沉积学的地震地貌学和地震岩性学两大分支学科原理研究了古城地区下寒武统沉积特征，将相位旋转、小波分频、wheeler域转换、地层切片和RGB融合技术整合，形成了地震地貌学（模式驱动）研究流程，从而定性表征沉积相；将相位旋转、小波分频、地震属性提取、主因子分析和随机拟合技术整合形成了地震岩性学（数据驱动）研究流程，从而定量预测储层分布。研究结果表明：①塔里木盆地古城地区下寒武统自西向东发育内缓坡、中缓坡、外缓坡至盆地环境，组成完整沉积相序。中缓坡发育3套（6期）礁滩体，第2套受后期潮道改造，形成潮道改造型碳酸盐岩颗粒滩，潮道内地层较均质，潮道间地层垂向非均质性强导致地震频率较高。②研究区外缓坡近端发育线物源斜坡扇，外缓坡远端至盆地区域发育点物源盆底扇。源自中缓坡礁滩体系的沉积物沿着同沉积走滑断裂相关峡谷被搬运，从而形成了斜坡扇和盆底扇。③研究区储层多发育于中缓坡，外缓坡至盆地较少，内缓坡几乎不发育。外缓坡至盆地区域发育的斜坡扇和盆底扇、中缓坡发育的潮道间岩溶颗粒滩和潮道口发育的潮汐三角洲储层厚度较大。

关键词: 地震沉积学, 地震地貌学, 地震岩性学, 潮道, 颗粒滩, 线物源斜坡扇, 点物源盆底扇, 下寒武统, 古城地区, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: Well Luntan-1 revealed huge hydrocarbon potential in Lower Cambrian deep dolostone reservoir in Tarim Basin. Gucheng area is located in the same platform margin with Well Luntan-1 during the Early Cambrian. Two branches of seismic sedimentology，i.e.，seismic geomorphology and seismic lithology were used to study the sedimentary characteristics of Lower Cambrian in Gucheng area. Techniques of phase rotation，frequency decomposition by wavelet，wheeler-domain transformation，stratal slicing，and RGB fusion were integrated into a seismic geomorphologic（model driven）workflow to qualitatively restore sedimentary facies. Techniques of phase rotation，frequency decomposition by wavelet，seismic attribute extraction，principal component analysis，and random fitting were combined into a seismic lithologic（data driven）workflow to quantitatively predict reservoir distribution. The results show that：（1）The inner ramp，middle ramp，and outer ramp to basin from west to east in Gucheng area consist of an integral series of sedimentary facies of Lower Cambrian in Gucheng area of Tarim Basin. Three sets（six periods）of reef-shoal systems were interpreted in the middle ramp. The second set was modified by later tidal-channels，resulting in a tidal-channel modified carbonate grainstone shoal. Strata are homogenous in the channels while heterogeneous in the inter-channel areas，which leads to higher seismic frequency.（2）Line-sourced slope fans in the proximal-end of outer ramp and point-sourced basinfloor fans in the distal-end of outer ramp to basin were recognized in the study area. Sediment materials sourced from the reef-shoal system in the middle ramp were transported to the slop fans and basin-floor fans through canyons related to synsedimentary strike-slip faults conducted.（3）Reservoirs are abundant in the middle ramp，minor in the outer ramp to basin，and rare in the inner ramp in this area. The reservoir rocks are thick at the slope fans and the basin-floor fans in the outer ramp to basin area，as well as at inter-channel karstified grainstone shoals and channel-mouth tidal delta in the middle ramp area.

Key words: seismic sedimentology, seismic geomorphology, seismic lithology, tidal-channel, grainstone shoal, line-sourced slope fan, point-sourced basin-floor fan, Lower Cambrian, Gucheng area, Tarim Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122
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