塔里木盆地现代分支河流体系形态、分布及其主控因素

doi:10.12108/yxyqc.20240405

岩性油气藏 ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (4): 44–56.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20240405

塔里木盆地现代分支河流体系形态、分布及其主控因素

孟庆昊, 张昌民, 张祥辉, 朱锐, 向建波

长江大学地球科学学院, 武汉 430100

收稿日期:2023-01-11 修回日期:2024-03-24 出版日期:2024-07-01 发布日期:2024-07-04
第一作者:孟庆昊（1999—），男，长江大学在读硕士研究生，主要研究方向为沉积学。地址：（430100）湖北省武汉市蔡甸区大学路111号。Email：1494342435@qq.com。
通信作者: 张昌民（1963—），男，博士，教授，主要从事沉积学与石油地质学方面的科研和教学工作。Email：zcm@yangtzeu.edu.cn。
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金重点项目“分支河流体系沉积模式与储层定量预测模型”（编号：42130813）资助。

Morphology，distribution and main controlling factors of modern distributive fluvial system in Tarim Basin

MENG Qinghao, ZHANG Changmin, ZHANG Xianghui, ZHU Rui, XIANG Jianbo

School of Geosciences, Yangtze University, Wuhan 430100, China

Received:2023-01-11 Revised:2024-03-24 Online:2024-07-01 Published:2024-07-04

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 结合野外地质考察成果，运用地理信息软件测量了塔里木盆地及其周缘发育的分支河流体系（DFS），对比盆地不同区域 DFS 几何形态参数差异，以探究 DFS 发育规律及其主控因素。研究结果表明：①塔里木盆地沉积体系划分为 DFS、轴向沉积体系、沙漠沉积体系及其他沉积体系 4 种类型，DFS总面积占比最高，约为 36%，主要发育在南天山山前区、昆仑山山前区以及阿尔金山山前区 3 个区域。②盆地 DFS 可划分为小型、大型、巨型 3 种类型，昆仑山山前区 DFS 发育规模最大，阿尔金山山前区其次，南天山山前区最小。规模大的 DFS 控制着盆地 DFS 格局，在测量的 846 个 DFS 中，盆地小型 DFS数量占比高达 89.4%，总面积占比 5%；巨型 DFS 数量占比为 2.2%，总面积占比达 68%。③DFS 几何形态主要参数包括面积、半径、坡度。面积与半径拟合优度 R²为 0.966 4，具有较强的正相关性；坡度与半径拟合优度 R²为 0.463 0，具有一定程度的负相关性；坡度与面积拟合优度 R²为 0.498 8，具有一定程度的负相关性。④DFS 形态及分布的主控因素包括气候、水文、构造隆升程度。极端干旱的气候条件下，河流更易干涸，DFS 发育规模受到限制；DFS 半径与河流径流量相关性较强，河流径流量越大，DFS 发育规模越大；构造隆升程度起主导作用，山体隆升越大，越容易发育更大规模的 DFS。盆地内部负向构造单元促进 DFS 发育，正向构造单元阻碍 DFS 发育。

关键词: 分支河流体系, 河流扇, 巨型扇, 几何形态, 构造隆升程度, 负向构造单元, 正向构造单元, 第四纪, 塔里木盆地, 陆相盆地

Abstract: Combined with the results of field geological investigation，the geographic information software was used to measure the distributive fluvial system（DFS）developed in and around Tarim Basin，and the differences in geometric parameters of DFS in different regions of the basin were compared to study the development rules and main controlling factors of DFS. The results show that：（1）The sedimentary system of Tarim Basin can be divided into four types：DFS，axial sedimentary system，desert sedimentary system and other sedimentary systems. The DFS has the highest proportion，accounting for about 36%，and mainly developed in south Tianshan Mountain piedmont area，the Kunlun Mountain piedmont area and the Altun piedmont area.（2）The DFS in Tarim Basin can be divided into three types：small，large and mega DFS，with the largest scale of DFS deve-loped in the Kunlun Mountain piedmont area，followed by Altun Mountain piedmont area，and the smallest scale in the south Tianshan Mountain piedmont area. Large-scale DFS controls the pattern of DFS. Among the 846 measured DFS， the proportion of small-scale DFS in the basin is 89.4%，and the total area accounts for 5%. The proportion of mega DFS is 2.2%，and the total area accounts for 68%.（3）The main geometric parameters of DFS include area，radius，and slope. The goodness of fit R² between area and radius is 0.966 4，indicating a strong positive correlation. The goodness of fit R² between slope and radius is 0.463 0，indicating a certain degree of negative correlation. The goodness of fit R² between slope and area is 0.498 8，indicating a certain degree of negative correlation.（4）The main controlling factors for the morphology and distribution of DFS include climate，hydrology and tectonic uplift degree. Under extreme arid climate，rivers are more likely to dry up，and the development scale of DFS is limited. The river runoff of DFS has a strong correlation with radius，and the larger the river runoff，the larger the scale of DFS development. The degree of tectonic uplift plays a dominant role，and the higher the mountain uplift，the easier it is to develop larger scale DFS. Negative structural units within the basin promote the development of DFS，while the positive structural units hinder the development of DFS.

Key words: distributive fluvial system, fluvial fan, megafan, geometry, structural uplift degree, negative structural unit, positive structural unit, Quaternary, Tarim Basin, nonmarine basin

中图分类号:

TE121.3

孟庆昊, 张昌民, 张祥辉, 朱锐, 向建波. 塔里木盆地现代分支河流体系形态、分布及其主控因素[J]. 岩性油气藏, 2024, 36(4): 44–56.

MENG Qinghao, ZHANG Changmin, ZHANG Xianghui, ZHU Rui, XIANG Jianbo. Morphology，distribution and main controlling factors of modern distributive fluvial system in Tarim Basin[J]. Lithologic Reservoirs, 2024, 36(4): 44–56.

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塔里木盆地现代分支河流体系形态、分布及其主控因素

Morphology，distribution and main controlling factors of modern distributive fluvial system in Tarim Basin

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