岩性油气藏 ›› 2026, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (1): 89–99.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20260108

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    下一篇

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡渐新统陵水组油气来源及成藏机制

刘海钰(), 李珊珊, 郭潇潇, 罗威, 梁刚, 王碧维   

  1. 中海石油（中国）有限公司 海南分公司 海南分公司 海口 570100
  • 收稿日期:2025-05-14 修回日期:2025-07-14 出版日期:2026-01-01 发布日期:2026-01-23
  • 第一作者:刘海钰（1989—），女，硕士，高级工程师，主要从事油气地球化学与成藏研究工作。地址：(570100)海南省海口市秀英区长滨三路御府国际中海油大楼。Email:liuhy83@cnooc.com.cn。
  • 基金资助:
    中海石油（中国）有限公司科技攻关项目“琼东南盆地深水区中深层规模有效碎屑岩储集体识别及预测技术”(KJGG2022-0102)

Origin and accumulation mechanism of hydrocarbon of Oligocene Lingshui Formation in the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin

LIU Haiyu(), LI Shanshan, GUO Xiaoxiao, LUO Wei, LIANG Gang, WANG Biwei   

  1. Hainan Branch of CNOOC Ltd., Haikou 570100, China
  • Received:2025-05-14 Revised:2025-07-14 Online:2026-01-01 Published:2026-01-23

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摘要：

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡渐新统陵水组首获油、气勘探双突破，展现了重要的勘探潜力。根据Y10-F构造油气及烃源岩样品的分析化验资料，采用油气地球化学、流体包裹体法和盆地模拟方法，结合区域地质认识，系统分析了宝岛凹陷南坡渐新统陵水组油气的地球化学特征、油气来源及成藏特征。研究结果表明：①宝岛凹陷南坡原油具有低陆源高等植物输入、高海相藻类输入的偏还原的海相原油特征，表现为低Pr/Ph值（0.98~1.34）、高甾烷/藿烷比值（0.42~0.72）及较重的干酪根碳同位素值（-26.04‰~ -24.47‰）；共生的天然气为典型的凝析气，其生烃母质有更多腐泥型有机质的贡献，具有偏低的干燥系数（0.85~0.92），偏轻的乙烷碳同位素值（-29.56‰~ -28.18‰）的特征。②研究区原油是烃源岩成熟阶段的产物，伴生天然气是高成熟阶段的产物，油和天然气都源自宝岛凹陷内渐新统偏还原环境形成的海相混合型烃源岩，这套烃源岩具有油气兼生的特征。③研究区陵水组油气藏具有“早油晚气”2期充注成藏的特征，晚期的天然气对早期的原油有蒸发分馏改造作用；受控于凹陷烃源岩的距离及输导体发育的差异，不同区带受到的“蒸发分馏”程度不同，Y10-F构造北块蒸发分馏作用强，以生气为主；南块受蒸发分馏作用影响较小，具有保存原生油藏的能力，形成现今“南油北气”的分布特征。

关键词: 生物标志化合物, 流体相态识别, 地球化学特征, 油气源对比, 蒸发分馏效应, 油气成藏机制, 深水区, 宝岛凹陷南坡, 琼东南盆地

Abstract:

First dual breakthrough in oil and gas exploration have been achieved in Oligocene Lingshui Formation of the southern slope of Baodao Sag in Qiongdongnan Basin, demonstrating significant exploration potential. Based on the analysis and laboratory data of Y10-F structural oil-gas and source rock samples, combined with regional geological understanding, the geochemical characteristics, hydrocarbon sources, and reservoir formation characteristics of Oligocene Lingshui Formation of the southern slope of Baodao Sag in Qiongdongnan Basin were analyzed by using oil and gas geochemistry, fluid inclusion method, and basin simulation method. The results show that: （1） The crude oil from the southern slope of Baodao Sag exhibits characteristics of a partially reduced marine crude oil with low terrestrial input of higher plants and high input of marine algal, manifested as low Pr/Ph ratios (0.98-1.34), high sterane/hopane ratios(0.42-0.72), and heavier kerogen carbon isotope values (-26.04‰ to -24.47‰). Symbiotic natural gas exhibits typical condensate gas characteristics, with more contribution from sapropelic organic matter in its hydrocarbon parent material,which has low drying coefficient (0.85-0.92) and lighter ethane carbon isotope values (-29.56‰ to -28.18‰). （2） The crude oil in the study area is a product of the mature stage of hydrocarbon source rocks, while the associated natural gas is a product of the high mature stage. Both oil and natural gas originate from marine mixed hydrocarbon source rock formed by Oligocene reducing environment in Baodao Sag, and such source rock possesses oil and gas co-generation capacity. （3） Lingshui Formation oil and gas reservoir in the study area has the characteristic of two-stage of “early oil and late gas” filling and accumulation, and the late natural gas has the effect of evaporation and fractionation modification on the early crude oil. Controlled by differences in the distance between hydrocarbon source rocks of the sag and the development of conductors, different zones experience varying degrees of “evaporation and fractionation”. The northern block of Y10-F structure underwent strong evaporative fractionation, predominantly generating gas. The southern block was less affected by evaporative fractionation, and retained its primary reservoir capacity, forming the present-day distribution pattern of “oil in the south, gas in the north”.

Key words: biomarker compound, fluid phase identification, geochemical characteristics, source correlation of oil and gas, evaporative fractionation, hydrocarbon accumulation mechanism, deepwater area, the southern slope of Baodao Sag, Qiongdongnan Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1

图1

琼东南盆地构造单元（a），宝岛凹陷南坡位置（b）及新生界岩性地层综合柱状图（c）"

图2

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡Y10-F构造渐新统陵水组三段油样全烃及轻烃色谱"

图3

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡Y10-F构造渐新统陵水组与松西凹陷始新统油样甾萜烷特征 注：T为反－反－反－双杜松烷；W为顺－顺－反－双杜松烷。"

图4

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷渐新统烃源岩与松西凹陷始新统油页岩甾萜烷特征"

图5

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡Y10-F构造原油与宝岛凹陷渐新统烃源岩生物标志化合物参数对比 注：T为反－反－反－双杜松烷；W为顺－顺－反－双杜松烷。"

图6

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡Y10-F构造渐新统陵水组天然气成因判别图版"

图7

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡Y10-F构造渐新统陵水组三段顶面（T62）构造深度特征(a)、过Y10-F构造典型地震剖面（b）"

图8

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷南坡Y2井渐新统陵水组油层段代表性烃类包裹体透射光照片 (a) 气液两相包裹体，5 211.2 m；(b) 气液两相包裹体，5 211.2 m；(c) 气液两相包裹体，5 281.5 m；(d) 气液两相包裹体，5 281.5 m。"

图9

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷Y2井渐新统陵水组盐水包裹体均一温度（a）与埋藏史-热史叠合图（b）"

图10

琼东南盆地宝岛凹陷斜坡带差异“蒸发分馏”成藏模式"

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