岩性油气藏 ›› 2025, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (6): 107–118.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20250610

• 地质勘探 • 上一篇    

塔里木盆地顺北地区走滑断裂特征及控藏作用

黄诚1, 朱莲花1, 卜旭强1, 曾溅辉2,3, 隆辉2,3, 廖文毫2,3, 刘亚洲2,3, 乔俊程2,3   

  1. 1. 中国石化西北油田分公司 勘探开发研究院, 乌鲁木齐 830011;
    2. 中国石油大学(北京)地球科学学院, 北京 102249;
    3. 中国石油大学(北京)油气资源与工程全国重点实验室, 北京 102249
  • 收稿日期:2024-11-25 修回日期:2025-05-23 发布日期:2025-11-07
  • 第一作者:黄诚（1985—），男，硕士，副研究员，主要从事油气勘探与地质综合研究方面的工作。地址：（830011）新疆乌鲁木齐市长春南路466号中国石化西北石油局。Email：61783856@qq.com。
  • 通信作者: 隆辉(1998—),男,博士,主要从事油气成藏机理研究方面的工作。Email:1123205200@qq.com。
  • 基金资助:
    国家自然科学基金企业创新发展联合基金项目“克拉通盆地内部走滑断裂体系成因及控藏机制研究——以塔里木盆地为例”（编号：U21B2063）和国家资助博士后研究人员计划“基于人工智能的超深层断控缝洞型碳酸盐岩油气成藏主控因素定量研究”（编号：GZC20242002）联合资助。

Characteristics of strike-slip faults and their controls on hydrocarbon accumulation in Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

HUANG Cheng1, ZHU Lianhua1, BU Xuqiang1, ZENG Jianhui2,3, LONG Hui2,3, LIAO Wenhao2,3, LIU Yazhou2,3, QIAO Juncheng2,3   

  1. 1. Exploration and Development Research Institute of Sinopec Northwest Oilfield Company, Urumqi 830011, China;
    2. College of Earth Sciences, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China;
    3. National Key Laboratory of Oil and Gas Resources and Engineering, China University of Petroleum(Beijing), Beijing 102249, China
  • Received:2024-11-25 Revised:2025-05-23 Published:2025-11-07

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摘要： 近年来，塔里木盆地超深层碳酸盐岩油气勘探获得了突破，在顺北地区多条走滑断裂中均获得了油气发现。通过地震剖面解释，以顺北5号走滑断裂带南段为例，分析了走滑断裂带的通源性、输导作用和储集改造性，并探讨了其控藏作用。研究结果表明：①塔里木盆地顺北地区走滑断裂带在超深层碳酸盐岩油气成藏过程中具有通源性、输导作用和储集改造作用。综合多因素建立半定量评价标准，将通源性划分为强通源、中通源和弱通源3类。②顺北地区发育阿瓦塔格组和吾松格尔组2套膏盐岩地层，影响了油气的跨层输导。膏盐层可划分为逃逸减薄型、破碎隆升型和隆升增厚型3种类型，走滑断裂发育处膏岩层厚度变小，断层活动时，油气易突破膏盐层的封堵而向上运移；受挤压应力影响，膏盐层易发育分支断层，与直立主走滑断层相交，造成地层破碎，油气可通过小型分支断层及破碎的地层向膏岩层上部地层充注，从而进行油气输导。③顺北地区深层碳酸盐岩储集空间主要为洞穴、孔洞和裂缝，地震上具有断裂+“串珠反射”、断裂+“杂乱反射”和断裂+“弱反射”特征，储集体主要为构造应力形成的地层破碎带，后期叠加了深部热液流体的改造作用。裂缝可划分为高角度缝、斜交缝、不规则裂缝及诱导缝等。④顺北地区可划分为“强通源-强输导-优储集-优富集”、“强通源-弱输导-优储集-中富集”和“弱通源-弱输导-差储集-差富集”3种油气富集模式。

关键词: 走滑断裂, 通源性, 输导作用, 储集改造作用, 断控缝洞型油气藏, 奥陶系, 顺北地区, 塔里木盆地

Abstract: In recent years, breakthroughs have been achieved in ultra-deep carbonate oil and gas exploration in Tarim Basin, and hydrocarbons have been discovered across multiple strike-slip fault zones in Shunbei area. Based on seismic profile interpretation, taking the southern section of Shunbei No.5 strike-slip fault zone as an example, the hydrocarbon sources connectivity, transport capacity, and reservoir modification capacity of the strike-slip fault zone were analyzed, and their controlling on hydrocarbon accumulation was discussed. The results show that: (1) Strike-slip fault zones in Shunbei area of Tarim Basin play three crucial roles in ultra-deep carbonate hydrocarbon accumulation: hydrocarbon sources connection, hydrocarbon transport, and reservoir modification. Integrated multiple factors, a semi-quantitative assessment criterion was established to categorize hydrocarbon source connectivity into three types: strong source connectivity, moderate source connectivity, and weak source connectivity. (2) The development of two sets of gypsum salt rock formations (Awatage Formation and Wusongge'er Formation) in Shunbei area has affected the across layer transport of oil and gas. The gypsum salt layer can be classified into three types: escape thinning type, fracture uplift type, and uplift thickening type. The thickness of the gypsum rock layer decreases at the location of strike-slip fault development. When the fault is active, oil and gas easily break through the blockage of the gypsum salt layer and migrate upward. Under the influence of compressive stress, the gypsum salt layer is prone to develop branch faults that intersect with vertical main strike-slip faults, resulting in strata fragment. Oil and gas can be injected into the upper strata of the gypsum layer through small-scale branch faults and fragmented strata, thereby facilitating oil and gas transport. (3) Reservoir spaces in deep carbonate rocks in Shunbei area are mainly caves, vugs, and fractures, which exhibit distinct seismic characteristics of fracture + "beaded reflection", fracture + "chaotic reflection", and fracture + "weak reflection". The reservoirs mainly consist of fractured zones formed by tectonic stress, and subsequently superimposed by deep hydrothermal fluid modification. Fractures can be classified into high-angle fractures, oblique fractures, irregular fractures, and induced fractures. (4) Three enrichment models can be identified in Shunbei area: "strong sourcing-efficient transport-superior reservoir-premium enrichment" "strong sourcing-weak transport-superior reservoir-moderate enrichment" "weak sourcing-weak transport-poor reservoirpoor accumulation".

Key words: strike-slip fault, sources connectivity, transport function, reservoir modification, fault-controlling fracture-cavity reservoir, Ordovician, Shunbei area, Tarim Basin

中图分类号: 

  • TE122.1+2
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