Lithologic Reservoirs ›› 2024, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 122-132.doi: 10.12108/yxyqc.20240512

• PETROLEUM EXPLORATION • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Structural characteristics and hydrocarbon accumulation model of Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin

QIU Yuchao1,2, LI Yading2, WEN Long2, LUO Bing2, YAO Jun3, XU Qiang1, WEN Huaguo4, TAN Xiucheng1   

  1. 1. School of Geoscience and Technology, Southwest Petroleum University, Chengdu 610500, China;
    2. Research Institute of Exploration and Development, PetroChina Southwest Oil & Gas Field Company, Chengdu 610041, China;
    3. PetroChina Research Institute of Petroleum Exploration & Development-Northwest, Lanzhou 730020, China;
    4. Institute of Sedimentary Geology, Chengdu University of Technology, Chengdu 610059, China
  • Received:2023-11-02 Revised:2024-05-21 Online:2024-09-01 Published:2024-09-04

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Abstract: The Xixiangchi Formation of the Upper Cambrian is one of the selected field for oil and gas exploration in the eastern Sichuan Basin. Based on the stratigraphic and sedimentary evolution characteristics，the structural patterns and formation mechanism of the Upper Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation in eastern Sichuan Basin were analyzed by using the data of seismic profiles，boreholes，cores and geochemistry. The hydrocarbon accumulation conditions were analyzed from the aspects of source，reservoirs，caprock and migration，and the accumulation model was summarized. The results show that：（1）The deformation of the Cambrian Xixiangchi Formation is constrained by northwestward propagated lower detachment and upper detachment in the Middle Cambrian Gaotai gypsums and Silurian mudstones，and developed four types of structural traps of back-thrust structure， double imbricated structure，fault bend fold structure and salt diapiric-related fault bend fold structure. Two caprocks attribution to both detachment layers further separate the source rocks of the Lower Cambrian Qiongzhusi Formation and Upper Ordovician Wufeng Formation-Lower Silurian Longmaxi Formation from the Xixiangchi Formation that raised harsh accumulation conditions.（2）The Xixiangchi Formation in the study area has the conditions for oil and gas accumulation. The shales of Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation are the main hydrocarbon source rocks，with a thickness of 300-700 m，TOC values of 2%-7% and Ro values of 2.4%-4.0%. The source rocks have strong hydrocarbon generation capacity and are at an over-mature stage. The shoal dolomites transformed by karst and fractures in the later sedimentary stage of Xixiangchi Formation are relatively high-quality and large-scale reservoirs，with a porosity greater than 2.1%. The Yanshanian tectonic uplift and deformation not only formed effective structural traps in Xixiangchi Formation，but also make it break through the Middle-Lower Ordovician cap rock and connect with Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation，achieving lateral migration of oil and gas.（3）A late-stage natural gas accumulation model of the Xixiangchi Formation in the study area is summarized as “younger source rocks juxtaposition with older reservoir rocks are favor to gas migrate laterally into structural traps” . The thrust faults cause the Xixiangchi Formation and the Wufeng Formationto Longmaxi Formation in the hanging wall to be horizontally juxtaposed，forming a structural trap with a lateral connection between source and reservoir，improving the efficiency of hydrocarbon supply and accumulation.

Key words: structural trap, deformation mechanism, source-reservoir lateral connection, Yanshanian tectonic movement, thrust fault, shoal dolomite, Wufeng Formation to Longmaxi Formation, Xixiangchi Formation, Cambrian, eastern Sichuan Basin

CLC Number: 

  • TE122.1
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